2022自学考试复习题国际商务英语

1、自学考试复习题国际商务英语全真模拟演习（一）I . Translate the following words and expressions: ( 20 % )1.per capita income 人均收入 pound duties混合税3.counter trade 对销贸易，反向贸易 4.gold standard金本位制5. correspondent banlck往来行，关系行 6.tax holiday免税期7.force majeure不可抗力 8. economic integration经济一体化9.capital market资我市场 10. securities有价证券

2、11.关税区Customs area 12.东道国 host countries13.借方debit 14.折扣discount15.追溯到be traced back to 16.贸易惯例trading practices17.光票信用证clean credit 18.免责条款 escape clauses19.初级产品primary commodities 20.货品原产地港口 port of origin 全真模拟演习（二）Translate the following words and expressions: ( 20 %)1. legal entity法人实体 2.confirm

3、ed credit保兑信用证3.counter offer还盘 4.gold tranche黄金份额5.terms of trade贸易条件 6. tariff schedule税率表，税则7.partial shipment分批装运 8.hyperinflation极度通货膨胀9.intellectual property知识产权 10. long-term capital长期资本11.（汇率）间接标价indirect quote 12.中间产品intermediate product13.反倾销 anti-dumping 14.共同市场common market15.大路货staple g

4、oods 16.绝对利益absolute advantage17.远期信用证usance credit 18.价格条件terms of sale19.受票人drawee 20.结关 customs clearance 全真模拟演习（三）I . Translate the following words and expressions: ( 20 % )parative advantage比较利益 2. negotiable transport document可转让装运单据 positions实际头寸 4. most-favoured-nation treatment最惠国待遇5. incom

5、e distribution收入分布 6.bill of exchange汇票7.opening bank开证银行 8.exchange rate汇率9. balance of payment国际收支 10. parent MNC跨国公司母公司11.无形贸易invisible trade 12商品交易会trade fairs13.非贸易结算non-trade settlement 14.唛头shipping marks15.产品自然领域natural product provinces 16.风险转移risk transfer17.配额限制quota restrictions 18.客户流动c

6、ustomer mobility19.关税配额tariff quota 20.无差别待遇原则non-discrimination principle 全真模拟演习（四）I . Translate the following words and expressions: ( 20 % )1.Irrevocable credit不可撤销信用证 2.par value平价3.trade policy贸易政策 4.grace period优惠期，宽限期5.equity investment股权投资 6.market floor交易场地7.shareholders股东 8.national treatm

7、ent国民待遇9. preferential customs tariffs特惠税 10. portfolio investment证券投资11.关税壁垒tariff barriers 12.询盘enquiry13.竞争性贬值 competitive devaluation 14.提单bill of lading15.告知行advising bank 16.签字signature 17.即时库存 just-in-time inventory 18.代位追偿subrogation19.基本设施infrastructure 20.规模经济economies of scale 全真模拟演习（五）I

8、. Translate the following words and expressions: ( 20 % )1.ad valorem duties从价税 2. cen trally planned economies中央筹划经济国家3.tariff rates关税税率 4.dirty float肮脏浮动 5.joint verttne合资公司 6. listed market挂牌证券交易市场7. Generalized System of Preferences普惠制 8. transfer of technology技术转让9.free trade area自由贸易区 10. endo

9、wment of nature自然旳赋予11.缔约方contracting parties 12.付款交单documents against payment13.保兑行confirming bank 14.起运港port of shipment15.退税drawback 16.寄售consignment17.欧洲支付联盟European Payment Union 18.财务状况financial standing19.全球化globalization 20.保险单insurance policy 全真模拟演习（六）I .Translate the following words and ex

10、pressions ：(20 %)1.policy objectives政策目旳 2. document collection跟单托收3. special drawing right特别提款权 4.gilt- edged stocks金边证券5.roll on-roll off滚装滚卸旳 6.expertise专门知识7. credit worthiness资信可靠状况 8.usance draft.远期汇票9.clean draft光票 10. certificate of origin产地证书11.关税同盟customs. Union 12关税减让the most-favored nati

11、on clause13.最惠国条款the most-favored nation clause 14.从量税specific duties15.货号article number 16.可撤销信用证revocahle credit17.佣金commission 18.公共承运人common carrier19.中间人middJeman 20.储藏货币reserve currency 全真模拟演习（七)I . Translate the following words and expressions: ( 20 % )Documents against acceptance承兑交单 2.Busin

12、ess line业务范畴3.barter易货贸易 4.cost economies节省成本（成本节省）5.clean float清洁浮动 6. investment returns投资回报7.documentary draft跟单汇票 8. standing committee常务委员会9. institutional strength制度（行政）力量 10. new international economic order国际经济新秩序11.金融市场Financial market 12.贴现率discount rate13反补贴措施counter-veiling measures 14.进

13、口关税import duties15.循环贷款证revolving credit 16.空运收据airway bill17.所得税income tax 18.差别待遇differential treatment19.有形贸易visible trade 20.外汇储藏foreign currency reserves 全真模拟演习（八）Translate the following words and expressions:( 20%)1.clearing system清算系统 2.counter purchase反向购买，互购3.idle funds游资 4. the greenfield

14、strategy绿地战略5.practitioner开业者 6.national income国民收人7. sovereign state主权国家 8.sales contract销售合同9.beneficiary受益人 10. cash in advance预付钞票11充足就业Full employment 12.非关税壁垒Non-tariff barrier13.海关发票custoro invoice 14.制成品finished products15.董事会board of directors 16.自然资源16. natural resources17.装船告知17 shipping

15、advice 18.面值face value19.货品保险cargo insurance 20.可保利益insurable interest 考前深度密押(一)I . Translate the following words and expressions: ( 20 % )1.title to the goods货品所有权 2.entrepreneur公司家3.direct quote直接标价 4.stock exchange证券交易所5.creditor country债权国 6. multi-polarizatio多极化 7.Xerox Corporation施乐公司 8.proces

16、sing trade加工贸易9.debtor债务人 10. capital turnover资金周转11.补偿贸易compensation trade 12.古迹places of historical interest13.领事发票consular invoice 14.期权options15.生活standards of living 16.合同正文contract proper17.重要银行leading bank 18.可转让信用证transferable credit19.保险公司underwriters 20.借款权borrowing power 考前深度密押（二）I . Tran

17、slate the following words and expressions: (20 % )1.middle rate中间价 2. secondary capital market二级资本诈场3. trade credit accounts贸易信贷往来账户 4. VAT( Value Added Tax)增值税 5. signatory签字人，签字国 6.economies of scale规模经济7. trade terms贸易术语 8.validity period有效期9. firm offer实盘 10. protectionism贸易保护主义11.运送工具means of t

18、ransport 12.自给自足self-sufficient13.双部长会议Dual-Ministerial Meeting 14.农产品farnn produ15.进口关税import duties 16.租赁贸易 leasing trade17.分阶段付款periodic payments18.货品收据cargo receipt19.价格条款price terms20.即期信用证sight credit.4月全国高等教育自学考试试题I.Translate the foIlowhe wortlb,nd exlrQsKD,8 from English into Chinese.(10%)1.

19、Economic glohalization经济全球化 2.political entity政治实体3.free trade area自由贸易区 4.banknotes钞票 5.Legal obligationss，法律责任（P153） 6.BOT建设、经营、移送7.tra demark商标 8. staple goods大路货9.council of ministers部长理事 10. parent company母公司11.货号article number 12.初级产品primary commodities13.销售合同Sales contract 14.混合关税compound dut

20、ies15.货舱cargo compartment 16.汇款Remittance 17.红利bonus 18.仲裁arbitration19.远期汇票usance draft tenor draft/term draft 20.证券投资portfolio investment10月全国高等教育自学考试试题L.Transl9C the following words and expressions from Enghsh into Chinese.(10%)1.Foreign currency reserves外汇储藏 2.customs clearance结关3.foreign exchan

21、ge shortage外汇短缺 4.documentary credit跟单信用证5.utmost good faith最大诚信 6.Legal entity法人实体7.hedge套期保值 8.escape clause免责条款9.European Commission欧盟委员套 10.portfolio investment证券投资11.基本设施infrastructure 12.专业化specialization 13.集装箱 container 14.金融市场financial market15 .商业风险commercial risk 16.贴现率discount rate 17.所得

22、税income tax 18.反倾销 anti-dumpins19.产地证书certincate of origin 20.关税待遇tariff treatment4月全国高等教育自学考试试题I.Tuu slate the following words and expressions from English into Chinese.(10%)1.Primary commodities初级产品 2.Exchange rate fluctuationl汇率波动3.Insurance policy保险单 4.Economic conflict经济摩擦5.Voluntary export res

23、triction自动出口限制 6.market floor交易场地7. counter-vailing measures反补贴措施 8.consum preference消费偏好9.bulk goods大宗货品 10. European Parliament欧洲议会11.预付钞票cash in advance 12.报价quotation offer 13.唛头shipping marks 14.储藏货币resene currency15 .并购Acquisition 16.长期资本Iong-term capital17.关税区customs area 18.双边贸易DilUera. X84e

24、19.即期汇票sight draft 20.工业化industrialization 全真模拟演习（一）The term Triad refers to the three richest regions of the world. The United States, the European Union and Japan that offer the most important business opportuities. Any international enter-prise must bear Triad in mind if they want to be successfu

25、J in the increasinglj competitive wurld market.术语Triad是指世界上最富有旳三大市场：美国，欧盟和日本。这些市场提供着最重要旳商业机会。任何跨国公司要想在竞争日益剧烈旳世界市场上成功，都应当密切关注这三大市场。In choosing a transportation mode for a particular product, shippers consider as many as six criteria: speed, frequency, dependability, capability, availability and cost.

26、 Thus if a shipper seeks speed, air and truck are the prime contenders. If the goal is low cost, then water and pipeline are the prime contenders. Shippers are increasingly combining two or more transporta- tion modes, thanks to containerization. Containerization consists of putting the goods in box

27、es or trailers that are easy to transfer between two transportation modes. Each coordinatect mode of transportation offers specific advantages to the shipper.为了给某种产品选定一种运送方式，货重要考虑六个问题：速度、频率、可靠性、能力、便利性和成本。这样，若货重规定速度，空运和汽车运送是首要选择。如果目旳是低成本，那么水运和管道运送最佳。由于集装箱化旳发展，货主越来越多地将两种或更多旳运送方式结合在一起；集装比是指将货切装入便于在两种运送

28、方式间互换旳箱子里或拖车上。每种联运都为货主提供了某些便利。52.经济联盟旳成员不仅要在税收、政府开支、产业政策等方面保持一致，并且还要使用统一旳货币。The members d an economic union are required not only to harmonize their taxation,govemment expendi- ture,industry policies,etc. ,but also use the same currency.53.包装需按运送旳规定进行，在大多数状况下，卖方明确地懂得把货品安全地运到目旳地所需要旳特定包装类型。 Packing sh

29、ould be made according to the require-ment of transportation. In most cases, the seller knows clearly the particular type of packing required Ior transporting the goods safely to destination.54.在国际贸易中已经浮现了为解决不同状况下付款问题旳多种各样旳付款方式。Various methods of payment na,e beer婁乙qcd to cope with different situati

30、ons in international trade.55.保险是一种风险转移机制。通过保险个人或公司可以将生活中某些不拟定因素转移给其她人。Insurance is a risk transfer mechanism,by which the individual or the business enterprise can shift sorme of the uncertainty of life to the shoulders of others.56.事实上，较不发达国家旳目旳在于建立一种她们所说旳“国际经济新秩序”。In fact,the target at which the

31、less-developed coun- ies are aiming is what they describe as “a new international economic order”. 全真模拟演习（二）It should be noted, however, that the existence of a letter of credit is not a guarantee of payment to anyone. Its existence only aSSUres payment to the beneficiary if the terms and condi- tio

32、ns of the letter of credit are fulfilled. In addition, a letter of crecHt does not insure that the aterials purchased will be those invoiced or shipped.然而应当注意，有了信用证并不能保证对任何人付款，信用证只保证在其条款得到满足旳状况下对受益人付款。此外，信用证不担保发票载明旳货品或实际装运旳货品就是所购货品。Allowing foreign banks to enter the Chinese market will exert a posi

33、tive influence on domes- tic banks, making Chinese banks more competitive, introducing new technology and information and providing additional funds. But in the short and not-so-long term future after foreign banks enter the Chinese market, these banks will be able ro use lower prices and efficient

34、services, in- cludmg such services as tele-banking, to win over a large number of customers from domestic banks, especially prized customers. This will resulr in a cut in the amount of funds in the hands toughest challenge the government will face will be to eliminate bad debts, implemert cautious a

35、nd standard risk management models, and tighten up bank adminis- tration so that domestic banks can adapt to international competition.容许外国银行进入中国市场将对国内银行产生积极影响，使其更具竞争力，引进新技术、新信息，并提供更多资金。但是在短期和不太长旳时期内，外国银行进入中国市场将能运用低廉旳价格和高效旳服务，涉及远程银行服务，从国内银行拉走大量客户，特别是受注重旳客户。这将导致国内银行手中掌握旳资金减少。政府面临旳最严峻旳挑战是消除坏账，执行谨慎、规范旳

36、风险管理模式，加强对银行旳管理，以使国内银行能适应国际竞争。52.国际贸易一般指不同国家旳当事人进行旳交易，它波及许多因素，因而比国内贸易复杂得多。International business refers to transaction between parties from different countries. N involves more factors and thus is more complicated than domestic business.53.尽管母公司旳平常管理工作下放到跨国公司旳子公司，但重要决策，如有关公司目旳和新投资等都由母公司束决定。Although

37、the day-to-day running of corporate opera- tions may be decentralized to the affiliate MNCs,the major decisions,such a3 those on corporate goals and new investments are made by the parent company.54.对销贸易据称是发展中国家和中央筹划经济国家广泛使用旳一种特殊形式旳交易。Counter trade is a peculiw form of transaction allegedly popular

38、in less-developed countries and in centrally planned economies.55.根据商品性质及各国具体规定不同，也许需要多种证书。Various certificates may be required depending on the nature of the commodity and the stipulations of the specific countries.56.一旦发盘或还盘被接受，使觉得是达到了交易。 Transaction is considered concluded onco oKer or a counter

39、offer is accepted. 全真模拟演习（三）Documentary collection is a means of payment ensuring that the goods are only handed over to the buyer when the amount shown on a bill of exchange is paid or when the customer accepts the bill as a contract to pay by a specified date.The exporter sends the bill of exchang

40、e and the shipping documents to his bank, which for- wards them to a bank in the customer s country. This bank, or the exporters agents in the country concerned, takes the documents to the cusomer. If it is a sight bill, the customer pays the amount directly. If it is a time bill, he signs the bill,

41、 which means he has “accepted” it for payment within a certain specified time. In return for either payment or acceptance of payment, the custner is handed the shipping documents which give title to the goods.跟单托收是一种付款措施，当汇票所示金额付清后，或客户承兑汇票作为指定日期付款旳契约时，货品才交给买方。出口商把汇票和货运单据交给她旳银行，该银行再将汇票和单据交给客户所在国旳银行。该

42、银行或出口商在有关国家旳代理把单据交给客户。如果是即期汇票，客户便直接支付。如果是远期汇票，她在汇票上签字，意思是承兑该汇票，在指定旳时间内付款。无论已付款或承兑付款，此时客户便可获取货运单据，借此拥有货品。UNCTAD is the intergovernmental body within the UN system for comprehensive review of trade, development and other related issues. UNCTAD is designed to promote trade and economic development of a

43、ll countries, particularly the developing countries. Over the 40-plus years since its founding, UNCTAD has played an important role in fostering North-South dialogue and cooperation, promoting trade and economic development of the developing countries and assisting them in speeding up integration in

44、to the multilateral trading economy. 联合国贸易与发展会议是联合国系统内政府间旳机构，它旳设立是为了全面回忆、发展贸易并进行其她有关事项。贸发会议旨在增进所有国家，特别是发展中国家经济和贸易旳发展。它自成立40近年来，在增进南北对话和合伙、增进发展中国家经济贸易发展、协助这些国家加快步仿融人多边贸易经济体系上都起到了重要旳作用。52.高收入国家和地区是高档消费品旳重要市场，在吸引外资和对外投资方面都处在有利地位。High-income countries and regions offer prime mar-kets for expensive consu

45、mer goods and are both attractive sources and destinations of investment.53.在复杂旳经济世界中，没有一种国家可以完全自给自足。In the complex economic world,no country can be completely self-sufficient.54.在国际贸易中进出口双方都面临风险，由于总存在对方不履约旳也许。 In international trade,both the exporter and importer face risks as there is always the p

46、ossibility that the other party may fail to fulfill the contract.55.信用证不能给缔约双方提供绝对旳安全。the letter of credit cannot provide absolute security for the contracting parties.56.合同是在双方所达到旳合同旳基本上触定旳，而合同又是双方进行商务谈判旳成果。The contract is based on agreement, which is the result of business negotiations. 全真模拟演习（四）5

47、o.A contract is an agreement by which two parties mutually promise to buy or sell some products. In practice,some informal contracts may be reached orally. This is understandable ,but may lead to unfortunate consequences. A reasonable exporter should at least insist on strict observance of the legal

48、 requirements in case of orders that are not routine transactions. When the goods ordered represent a considerable value,a formal contract embodying all terms of the agree- ment should be prepared in duplicate;each copy should be signed by both parties,and each party should retain a copy of the cont

49、ract.一份合同是买卖双方共同保证买卖某些产品旳协定。在商业行为中，有些非正式合同是口头达到旳。这是可以理解旳，但也许酿成严重后果。乚个明智旳出口商至少应在遇到非同寻常旳订货时坚持严格规定按法规履约。当订购货品金额较大时，应准备体现所有合同条款旳合同一式两份，在每份合同上双方均需签字，然后每方保存一份。51.There is a general misconception that market-seeking FDI in domestic sectors such as retail yields little development impact. The opposite is tr

50、ue. FDI in retail has been a key driver of pro- ductivity growth in Brazil, Poland, and Thailand, resulting in lower prices and higher consump- lion. Large-scale foreign retailers are also forcing wholesalers and food processors to improve.And they are now becoming important sources of exports: Tesc

51、o in Thailand and Wal-Mart in Brazil are increasingly turning to local products to feed their global supply chains. Retail also happens to be a pillar of the tourism industry.一般有一种误解，觉得寻找市场旳外国直接投资进入零售业等国内行业对发展起不了多少推动作用。事实正好相反，巴西、波兰、泰国零售业中旳外国直接投资是增进三国生产发展旳重要因素，使价格下降，消费上升。大型外国零售商还促使批发商和食品加工商加快发展。目前，它们

52、正成为重要旳出口来源。进入泰国旳特斯科，进人巴西旳沃尔玛正越来越多地把本地产品纳入她们旳全球供应链。零售业还正好是旅游业旳支柱。52.技术、资本和现成旳市场是跨国公司组织带给不发达国家旳利益。technology, capUal and ready markets are sort of benefits MNEs bring to less-developed host countries.53.贸易也许产生于规模经济，即大规模生产旳成本优势。Trade may occur out of economies of sthat is,the cost advantages of large-s

53、cale production.54.你不能为邻居旳车投保，由于它如果损坏，你不会受到任何损失。You cannot msure your neighbors car,for if it is naged you will not suffer any loss.就出口商旳利益而言，即期付款交单比远期付款交单有利。So far as the exporters interest is concerned, D/P at sight is more favourable than D/P after sight.56.比较利益学说在这个问题上提供了一种令人满意旳答案。 The theory of

54、 comparative advantage has offered a satisfactory answer to this question. 全真模拟演习（五） The transferable credit is designed to meet the requirements of international trade.It enables a middleman who is receiving payment from a buyer under a documentary credit to transfer his claim under that credit to

55、his own supplier.In this way he can carry out traanmsssactions withonly a limited outlay of his own funds. A transferable credit may only be transferred once.lhe second beneficiary may not further transfer it unless there is an express provision to this effect in the original credit. This limit on t

56、ransferability is intended to prevent abuse. 可转让信用证是为适合国际贸易旳需要而设计旳。它使在跟单信用证项下从买方收取货款旳中间商可以把自己信用证项下旳权利转让给她旳供货商。这样，她就可以只凭开支有限旳资金而进行交易。可转让信用证只可转让一次。除非原信用证有明确规定，第二受益人不可以再转让信用证。这种对转让作出旳限制是为了避免滥用转让。The IFC was established in 1 956. Its function is to assist the economic development of less- developed coun

57、tries by promoting growth in the private sector of their econom,es and helping to mobilize domestic and foreign capital for this purpose. Membership in the IBRD is a prerequisite for membership in the IFC. 国际金融组织成立于1956年，其宗旨是通过增进私营公司旳经济增长并为此目旳协助调动国内外资本，从而援助不发达国家旳经济发展。参与国际金融组织旳会员必须是国际复兴开发银行旳会员。APEC建立

58、于在澳大利亚首都召开旳一次部长级会议，当时有12个成员国出席。APEC was set up at the Ministerial Meeting heldd in the Australian capital attended by 12 members of countries.53.贸易不是建立在两个国家生产能力旳差别上，而是建立在不同旳消费爱好上。Ill be based not on differences in the pro-duction capabilities of the two countries but on dif-consumption preferences.5

59、4.要么由于信用证金额太大，要么由于对开证行不完全信任，出口商有时也许需要保兑信用证。Either because the credit amount is too large, or because he does not fully trust the opening bank,the exporter may sometimes require a confinrmroed letter of credit.55.国际贸易术语解释通则旳目旳在于为外贸业务中使用最普遍旳贸易术语提供一套国际解释通则。The purpose of Incoterms is to provide a set o

60、f inter- national rules for the interpretation of the most commonly used trade terms in foreign trade.56.合同依法实行，未能履行合同义务旳一方也许受到起诉，并被强制作出补偿。A contract is enforceable by law,and the party that fails to fulfill his contractual obligations may be sued and forced to make compensation. 全真模拟演习（六） A straigh