英语学习名词性从句讲解

1、英语学习名词性从句讲解名词性从句在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当,这个句子就叫名词性从句。什么是名词性从句?名词性从句主语从句 ( The Subject Clause)宾语从句 ( The Object Clause) 表语从句 ( The Predicative Clause)同位语从句 ( The Appositive Clause)引导词： 主要有that，which， when， where， who(m), whose， how， why，if whether 等宾语从句宾语从句无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序，

2、即“主句连词宾语从句（主语谓语）”句式。根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分，可分为以下四种：1）连接词谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有： who，what，which等。如：Could you tell me who knows the answer，please？你能告诉我谁知道答案吗？2）连接词名词谓语。连接词在从句中作主语的定语。常见的连接词有：whose，what，which，how many，how much等。如：The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room老师问我们房间里有多少人。3）连接词主语谓

3、语。连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。常见的连接词有：who，what，which，how many，how much， when，why，how，where，if whether（在句中不充当任何成分）等。如：Could you tell me what I should do with the money ？你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗？4）连接词名词主语谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。常见的连接词有：what，which，how many，how much，how等。如：Do you know which class he is in ？你知道他在哪个班吗？用合适的连接词填空1.

4、 Wang Hai told me _ he didnt go cycling yesterday afternoon.（how, why）2. Can you tell me _ else is going to be on duty today?（who, whom）3. She said _ it wouldnt matter much.（that, if）4. He always thinks _ he can do better.（how, who）5. I really dont know _ the bridge will be finished.（how long, how s

5、oon）whywhothathowhow soon宾语从句中的否定转移我认为他不会来这里.I think he wont come here. ( )I dont think he will come here. ( )注意：如果宾语从句是由think, believe, imagine, suppose等词引导的时候，要将从句中的否定形式转移到主句中去。我认为他不会对我撒谎的.I dont think he will lie to me.我认为我们不应该借钱给他.I dont think we should lend him money.宾语从句中用it作形式宾语 We think it o

6、ur duty that we should help others. I find it impossible that he should finish the work in two days.注意：如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足语时，一般用it来作形式宾语，把从句放在宾补后面。that不能省.宾语从句的时态含宾语从句的复合句，主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应应包括以下三点内容：1）如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据需要，选用相应的任何时态。如：I dont know when he will come back我不知道他将何时回来。He tells me that hi

7、s sister came back yesterday他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。2）如果主句的谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要，选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。如：The children didnt know who he was孩子们不知道他是谁。3）如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句用什么时态，从句时态都用一般现在时。如：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun老师说地球绕着太阳转。Could you tell me if it

8、_ tomorrow? A. rains B. is raining C. will rain D. rain 2. The teacher told his students the sun_ in the east. A. rise B. rises C. rose D. risen 3. Peter knew _. A. whether he has finished reading the book B. why the boy had so many questions C. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave

9、 for Paris 4. Could you tell me _? A. where is the nearest railway station B. where the nearest railway station was C. where the nearest railway station is D. where was the nearest railway station 5. I really dont know if she _ it when she _. A. finds/ arrives B. finds/ will arrive C. will find/ wil

10、l arrive D. will find/ arrives6. Where do you think _ he _ the TV set? Sorry, Ive no idea. A./, bought B. has, bought C. did, buy D. did bought表语从句在句中充当表语的从句(即放在be动词后面)叫做表语从句。我们的目的是他能认识到错误。Our purpose is that he can realize his faults.注意：引导表语从句的连接词一般不省略。问题是它是否值得做。The question is whether it is worth

11、doing.注意：表语从句表示“是否” 只用“whether” 而不用“if”It appears that they are in need of help.It happened that he had no money on him.It seems that he doesnt like living here.It turned out that two people had been killed in the accident.That house is _ the garden tools are stored.The reason I dont want to go ther

12、e is _ Ive just got a new job here.That was _ they had made the mistake.Everything in the room is _ it was ten years ago.The dream Jack has in mind is _ he will become a scientist in the future. wherethathowwhatthat6. What we care about is _ it will be a fine day tomorrow.7. That was _ they didnt pa

13、y much attention to the teacher in class.8. My opinion is _ everyone of us takes out $5 for Janes birthday present.9. The problem is _ we can be allowed to stay out at such a late hour.10. Her explanation is _ she used to live in the country and she knows it better than us. whetherwhythatwhetherthat

14、在句中充当主语的从句叫做主语从句。他星期三来这里是肯定的。 he will come here on Wednesday is certain.他星期三是否来这里还不肯定的。 he will come here on Wednesday is not certain.That主语从句 Whether What he said is not true.Who broke the window has not been found out.How he escaped is still a mystery.Whom she borrowed money from still puzzled him

15、. Exercise 1_ she said puzzled him._ she said such a thing puzzled him._ we should send to take part in the party is to be discussed._ they dont want to drop the plan is clear._ he finished the work in so short time remains a question. _ it is going to snow this evening is not certain.WhatWhy Whom/w

16、hoThatHowWhetherExercise 2_ (她离开他) cut him to the cut._ (月球上没有生命) is known to all._ (我在会议上说的) must be kept secret._ (是否这件事是真的) remains a question._ (我们什么时候开会) is to be discussed.That she left him That there is no life on the moon What I said at the meetingWhether it is trueWhen we will have the meet

17、ingThat he cant attend the party is a pity. It is a pity that he cant attend the party.How much money is needed is hard to say. It is hard to say how much money is needed. it 做形式主语的主语从句Exercise 3It is a wonder _ you werent injured.It is still unknown _ and _ this took place.It makes no difference to

18、 me _ he is rich or poor.It is not yet decided _ is to take her place as secretary.It is said _ this plaza has 15 cinemas.It doesnt matter _ you are going to do it.thatwhenwherewhetherwhothatwhetherExercise 4你昨天错过了这部新的电影，真是太遗憾了。他们将要在这里建一个新的医院是真的吗？据说我们清明节要放三天假。4. 他是否挣很多很多钱对我来说并不重要。It is a pity that y

19、ou missed the new movie yesterday.Is it true that they are going to set up a new hospital here?It is said that well take three days off on Tomb Sweeping Day.It isnt important to me whether he can make a lot of money.同位语从句在句中用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。同位语从句一般放在如idea, news, fact, promise, suggestion, belief, tru

20、th等含有丰富内涵的抽象的词语后面，用来说明前面那个词的具体内容。一般说来，同位语从句都用that来作连接词，而且不能省略。也可用how, when, where等。他给了她一个承诺，他会在两个月后回来。He gave her a promise that he would come back after two months.试区分以下句子Do you know the fact that he stole the car?Do you know the fact that they were talking about?注意：1. 如果是定语从句，它的从句肯定是不完整的，关系词肯定在句中充

21、当成分的；而同位语从句中的that只起连接作用。 2. 定语从句是对先行词起修饰作用，而同位语从句则解释说明先行词的具体内容。(同从)(定从)Tell the difference1.The news that the plane would take off on time made everybody happy.2.The news that is spreading around the airport is that a heavy storm is coming.同位语从句定语从句表语从句3.The suggestion that students should learn som

22、ething practical is worth considering.4.The suggestion that they are considering is that students should learn something practical.同位语从句定语从句表语从句 The suggestion _is worth considering. 学生应该学些实用的东西的建议值得考虑。that students should learn something practical Dad made a promise _ _that he would buy _me CD player if I passed the English test. 爸爸承诺如果我通过