2014全国高考汇编阅读之科普知识类

1、2014全国高考汇编 HYPERLINK /shti/ t _blank 阅读之科普知识类一（2014安徽卷）BRecordings of angry bees are enough to send big, tough African elephants running away, a new study says. Beehives (蜂窝)-either recorded or real-may even prevent elephants from damaging farmers crops.In 2002, scientist Lucy King and her team foun

2、d that elephants avoid certain trees with bees living in them. Today, Lucy wants to see if African honeybees might discourage elephants from eating crops. But before she asked farmer to go to the trouble of setting up beehives on their farms, she needed to find out if the bees would scare elephants

3、away.Lucy found a wild beehive inside a tree in northern Kenya and set up a recorder. Then she threw a stone into the beehive, which burst into life. Lucy and her assistant hid in their car until the angry bees had calmed down. Next，Lucy searched out elephant families in Samburu National Reserve in

4、northern Kenya and put a speaker in a close to each family.From a distance, Lucy switched on the pre-recorded sound of angry bees while at the same time recording the elephants with a video camera. Half the elephant groups left the area within ten seconds. Out of a total of 17 groups, only one group

5、 ignored the sound of the angry bees. Lucy reported that all the young elephants immediately ran to their mothers to hide under them. When Lucy Played the sound of a waterfall (瀑布) instead of the angry bees to many of the same elephant families, the animals were undisturbed. Even after four minutes,

6、 most of the groups stayed in one place.Lucy is now studying whether the elephants will continue to avoid the sound of angry bees after hearing it several times. She hasnt tested enough groups yet to know, but her initial (最初的) results were promising enough to begin trials with farmers. She has now

7、begun placing speakers in the fields to see if elephants are frightened away.60. We know from the passage that elephants may he frightened of .A. loud noises B. some cropsC. video cameras D. angry bees61. As mentioned in the passage, LucyA. works by herself in AfricaB. needs to test more elephant gr

8、oupsC. has stopped elephants eating cropsD. has got farmers to set up beehives on their farms62. Why did Lucy throw a stone into a wild beehive?A. To record the sound of bees.B. To make a video of elephants.C. To see if elephants would run away.D. To find out more about the behavior of bees.63. Whic

9、h of the following is true according to the passage?A. Young elephants ignore African honeybees.B. Waterfalls can make elephants stay in one place.C. Elephants do not go near trees with bees living in them.D. Farmers do not allow Lucy to conduct tests in their fields.【考点】考察科普知识类 HYPERLINK /shti/ t _

10、blank 阅读【文章大意】本文讲述了非洲大陆的大象十分害怕蜜蜂的声音，科学家Lucy King正在研究十分可以利用这个现象来保护庄稼不受大象的侵扰。60. 【答案】D【试题解析】细节题。根据文章第一句Recordings of angry bees are enough to send big, tough African elephants running away, a new study says.可知愤怒的蜜蜂的录音的声音足以让非洲大象都害怕地跑开。故D正确。61. 【答案】B【试题解析】推理题。根据文章最后一段She hasnt tested enough groups yet t

11、o know, but her initial (最初的) results were promising enough to begin trials with farmers.可知她需要还需要对更多的象群进行研究，以证明蜜蜂的声音对大象是有影响的。故B正确。62. 【答案】A【试题解析】推理题。根据文章第三段1,2行Lucy found a wild beehive inside a tree in northern Kenya and set up a recorder. Then she threw a stone into the beehive, which burst into l

12、ife. Lucy and her assistant hid in their car until the angry bees had calmed down.他们找到一个蜂巢，放好录音机，然后扔一个石块击中蜂巢，让蜜蜂都飞起来寻找敌人。他们录下这个声音。可知他们扔石头是为了录下愤怒的蜜蜂的声音。故A正确。63. 【答案】C【试题解析】推理题。根据文章倒数第二段From a distance, Lucy switched on the pre-recorded sound of angry bees while at the same time recording the elephant

13、s with a video camera. Half the elephant groups left the area within ten seconds. Out of a total of 17 groups, only one group ignored the sound of the angry bees.可知当她播放蜜蜂的声音的时候，大部分的大象都在10秒钟只能离开了，说明大象很害怕蜜蜂的声音。故C正确。【长难句解析】Recordings of angry bees are enough to send big, tough African elephants running

14、 away, a new study says.【翻译】一个新的研究说：愤怒的蜜蜂的录音足以让体型巨大的非洲大象都逃走。【分析】本句中的表语are enough to send big, tough African elephants running away中的不定式to send big, tough African elephants running away表示的是结果。句中有一个固定搭配send sb doing sth让某人做某事，doing是宾语补足语的成分。二（2014北京卷）DMultitaskingWhat is the first thing you notice whe

15、n you walk into a shop? The products displayed (展示) at the entrance? Or the soft background music?But have you ever notice the smell? Unless it is bad, the answer is likely to be no. But while a shops scent may not be outstanding compared with sightsand sounds, it is certainly there. And it is provi

16、ding to be an increasing powerful tool in encouraging people to purchase.A brand store has become famous for its distinctive scent which floats through the fairly dark hall and out to the entrance, via scent machines. A smell may be attractive but it may not just be used for freshening air. One spor

17、ts goods company once reported that when it first introduced scent into its stores, customers intension to purchase increased by 80 percent.When it comes to the best shopping streets in Pairs, scent is just as important to a brands success as the quality of its window displays and goods on slaes. Th

18、at is mainly because shopping is a very different experience to what it used to be.Some years ago,the focus for brand name shopping was on a few people with sales assistants disproving attitude and dont-touch-what-you-cant-afford displays. Now the rise of electronic commerce (e-commerce) has opened

19、up famous brands to a wider audience. But while e-shops can use sights and sounds, only bricks-and-mortar stores (实体店) can offer a full experience from the minute customers step through the door to the moment they leave. Another brand store seeks to be much more than a shop, but rather a destination

20、. And scent is just one way to achieve this.Now a famous store uses complex man-made smell to make sure that the soft scent of baby powder floats through the kid department, and coconut (椰子) scent in the swimsuit section. A department store has even opened a new lab, inviting customers on a journey

21、into the stores windows to smell books, pots and drawers, in search of their perfect scent.67. According to the passage, what is an increasingly powerful tool in the success of some brand store?A. Friendly assistant.B. Unique scents.C. Soft background musicD. attractive window display.68. E-shops ar

22、e mentioned in the passage to _ .A. show the advantages of brick-and-mortar storesB. urge shop assistants to change their attitudeC. push stores to use sights and soundsD. introduce the rise of e-commerce69. The underlined word “destination” in Paragraph 5 means _ .A. a platform that exhibts goodsB.

23、 a spot where travelers like to stayC.a place where customers love to goD. a target that a store expects to meet70. The main purpose of the passage is to _ .A. compare and evaluateB. examine and assessC. argue and discussD.inform and explain【考点】考察科普知识类阅读【文章大意】本文介绍了现在的很多商店都运用一个新方法：味道，来吸引顾客。并解释了这样做的原因

24、。这是与网店比较起来实体店的一个优势。67. 【答案】B【试题解析】推理题。根据文章第三段1,2行A brand store has become famous for its distinctive scent which floats through the fairly dark hall and out to the entrance, via scent machines.可知这家商店的成功的原因是店里很有特色的味道。故B正确。68. 【答案】A【试题解析】推理题。根据第五段3,4行But while e-shops can use sights and sounds, only b

25、ricks-and-mortar stores (实体店) can offer a full experience from the minute customers step through the door to the moment they leave.可知电子网店里可以使用声音和视觉来吸引顾客，那么实体店里就可以使用味道来吸引顾客。作者举电子网店是为了说明实体店也有自己的优势。故A正确。69. 【答案】C【试题解析】推理题。根据本句Another brand store seeks to be much more than a shop, but rather a destinati

26、on.另外一家实体店通过种种方法努力让自己不仅仅是一个商店，而成为人们愿意去的目的地，既然来到这里，他们就可能多购物了。光顾该词是指C项含义。70. 【答案】D【试题解析】推理题。本文介绍了现在的很多商店都运用一个新方法：味道，来吸引顾客。并解释了这样做的原因。也就是说本文是为了告诉我们这样的行为并做出解释。故D正确。【长难句解析】One sports goods company once reported that when it first introduced scent into its stores, customers intension to purchase increased

27、 by 80 percent.【翻译】一家运动品牌公司曾经报道，当他们首先引进香味进入商店的时候，顾客们的购物欲望增加了百分之80.【分析】本句中动词reported后面含有一个宾语从句that when it first introduced scent into its stores, customers intension to purchase increased by 80 percent.通常宾语从句的引导词that是可以省略的，但是本题宾语从句中有一个when引导的时间装预从句，所以that是不能省略。三（2014广东卷）D Scientists today are making

28、 greater effort to study ocean currents (洋流) . Most do it using satellites and other high-tech equipment. However, ocean expert Curtis Ebbesmeyer does it in a special way - by studying movements of random floating garbage. A scientist with many years experience, he started this type of research in t

29、he early 1990s when he heard about hundreds of athletic shoes washing up on the shores of the northwest coast of the United States. There were so many shoes that people were setting up swap meets to try and match left and right shoes to sell or wear. Ebbesmeyer found out in his researches that the s

30、hoes about 60,000 in total fell into the ocean in a shipping accident. He phoned the shoe company and asked if they wanted the shoes back. As expected, the company told him that they didnt. Ebbesmeyer realized this could be a great experiment. If he learned when and where the shoes went into the wat

31、er and tracked where they landed, he could learn a lot about the patterns of ocean currents. The Pacific Northwest is one of the worlds best areas for beachcombing(海滩搜寻) because winds and currents join here, and as a result, there is a group of serious beachcombers in the area. Ebbesmeyer got to kno

32、w a lot of them and asked for their help in collecting information about where the shoes landed. In a year he collected reliable information on 1, 600 shoes. With this data, he and a colleague were able to test and improve a computer program designed to model ocean currents, and publish the findings

33、 of their study. As the result of his work, Ebbesmeyer has become known as the scientist to call with questions about any unusual objects found floating in the ocean. He has even started an association of beachcombers and ocean experts, with 500 subscribers from West Africa to New Zealand. They have

34、 recorded all lost objects ranging from potatoes to golf gloves.41. The underlined phrase swap meets in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _.A. fitting roomsB. trading fairsC. business talksD. group meetings42. Ebbesmeyer phoned the shoe company to find out _.A. what caused the shipping accidentB.

35、 when and where the shoes went missingC. whether it was all right to use their shoesD. how much they lost in the shipping accident43. How did Ebbesmeyer prove his assumption?A. By collecting information from beachcombers.B. By studying the shoes found by beachcomber.C. By searching the web for ocean

36、 currents models.D. By researching ocean currents data in the library.44. Ebbesmeyer is most famous for _.A. traveling widely the coastal cities of the worldB. making records for any lost objects on the seaC. running a global currents research associationD. phoning about any doubtful objects on the

37、sea45. What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage?A. To call peoples attention to ocean pollution.B. To warn people of shipping safety in the ocean.C. To explain a unique way of studying ocean currents.D. To give tips on how to search for lost objects on the beach.【考点】考察科普知识类阅读【文章大意】本

38、文介绍了.海洋专家Curtis Ebbesmeyer通过研究海上漂流物的方法来研究洋流，接着就对此方法进行了详细说明。41.【答案】B【试题解析】猜测词义题。根据横线部分下一句try and match left and right shoes to sell or wear人们尝试着配对左右脚的鞋，然后去卖或者穿。说明人们想搞一个贸易集会来卖这些鞋子。故B正确。42. 【答案】C【试题解析】推理题。根据第二段2,3行He phoned the shoe company and asked if they wanted the shoes back. As expected, the comp

39、any told him that they didnt.他打电话给这件制鞋公司，询问他们是否还想要这些鞋子。也就是说他想知道是否可以使用这些鞋子来进行他的实验。故C正确。43. 【答案】A【试题解析】推理题。根据文章第三段第2 句Ebbesmeyer got to know a lot of them and asked for their help in collecting information about where the shoes landed. In a year he collected reliable information on 1, 600 shoes.可知他通过b

40、eachcombing来收集信息，进行自己的研究，以此来研究洋流的问题。故A正确。44. 【答案】D【试题解析】推理题。根据文章最后一段第一句As the result of his work, Ebbesmeyer has become known as the scientist to call with questions about any unusual objects found floating in the ocean.得知因为专门打电话询问海洋里漂流的物体而出名。故D正确。45. 【答案】C【试题解析】推理题。根据文章第一段第3句However, ocean expert C

41、urtis Ebbesmeyer does it in a special way - by studying movements of random floating garbage.海洋专家Curtis Ebbesmeyer通过研究海上漂流物的方法来研究洋流，接着就对此进行了详细说明。故本文是为了解释这一独特的研究洋流的方法，C项正确。四（2014湖北卷）CWorking with a group of baboons (狒狒) in the Namibian desert, Dr. Alecia Carter of the Department of Zoology, Cambridge

42、 University set baboons learning tasks involving a novel food and a familiar food hidden in a box. Some baboons were given the chance to watch another baboon who already knew how to solve the task, while others had to learn for themselves. To work out how brave or anxious the baboons were, Dr. Carte

43、r presented them either with a novel food or a threat in the form of a model of a poisonous snake.She found that personality had a major impact on learning. The braver baboons learnt, but the shy ones did not learn the task although they watched the baboon perform the task of finding the novel food

44、just as long as the brave ones did. In effect, despite being made aware of what to do, they were still too shy to do what the experienced baboon did.The same held true for anxious baboons compared with calm ones. The anxious individuals learnt the task by observing others while those who were relaxe

45、d did not, even though they spent more time watching.This mismatch between collecting social information and using it shows that personality plays a key role in social learning in animals, something that has previously been ignored in studies on how animals learn to do things. The findings are signi

46、ficant because they suggest that animals may perform poorly in cognitive (认知的) tasks not because they arent clever enough to solve them, but because they are too shy or nervous to use the social information.The findings may impact how we understand the formation of culture in societies through socia

47、l learning. If some individuals are unable to get information from others because they dont associate with the knowledgeable individuals, or they are too shy to use the information once they have it, information may not travel between all group members, preventing the formation of a culture based on

48、 social learning.59. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. The design of Dr. Carters research.B. The results of Dr. Carters research.C. The purpose of Dr. Carters research.D. The significance of Dr. Carters research.60. According to the research, which baboons are more likely to complete a new

49、 learning task?A. Those that have more experience.B. Those that can avoid potential risks.C. Those that like to work independently.D. Those that feel anxious about learning.61. Which best illustrates the “mismatch” mentioned in Paragraph 4?A. Some baboons are intelligent but slow in learning.B. Some

50、 baboons are shy but active in social activities.C. Some baboons observe others but dont follow them.D. Some baboons perform new tasks but dont concentrate.62. Dr. Carters findings indicate that our culture might be formed through _.A. storing informationB. learning from each otherC. understanding d

51、ifferent peopleD. travelling between social groups【考点】考察科普知识类阅读【文章大意】本文通过叙述Dr. Alecia Carter在狒狒身上进行的一项研究显示动物的性格在社会化的学习中起着很重要的作用。同样人类也与此相似，我们的文化的形成正是通过交换信息等社会学习活动。59. 【答案】A【试题解析】段落大意题。根据第一段2,3,4行Dr. Alecia Carter of the Department of Zoology, Cambridge University set baboons learning tasks involving

52、a novel food and a familiar food hidden in a box. Some baboons were given the chance to watch another baboon who already knew how to solve the task, while others had to learn for themselves.可知本段主要描述他进行的这项研究的设计方案，也就是他在这项研究里是如何做的。故A正确。60. 【答案】D【试题解析】细节题。根据第三段第2句The anxious individuals learnt the task

53、by observing others while those who were relaxed did not, even though they spent more time watching.可知那些很焦虑的急切想学习的狒狒学得更快，更好。而那些害羞的狒狒却没有能够做到。故D正确。61. 【答案】C【试题解析】推理题。根据第三段The same held true for anxious baboons compared with calm ones. The anxious individuals learnt the task by observing others while t

54、hose who were relaxed did not, even though they spent more time watching.可知一些狒狒虽然观察了很长时间，但是并没有采取行动。这一错位说明性格在动物的社会行为中起着很重要的作用。第四段里的mismatch就是指第三段最后一句while those who were relaxed did not, even though they spent more time watching.的内容。故C正确。62. 【答案】B【试题解析】推理题。根据文章最后一段第一句The findings may impact how we un

55、derstand the formation of culture in societies through social learning可知人们是通过社会学习来理解我们文化的组成的。也就是说人们需要相互交换信息，相互学习。故B正确。【长难句解析】1.Working with a group of baboons (狒狒) in the Namibian desert, Dr. Alecia Carter of the Department of Zoology, Cambridge University set baboons learning tasks involving a nove

56、l food and a familiar food hidden in a box.【翻译】和一群狒狒在纳米比亚的沙漠里工作的来自剑桥大学的动物学博士Alecia Carter给狒狒们设定了一个涉及到新奇食品和很熟悉的放在盒子里的食品的学习任务。【分析】本句中的现在分词短语Working with a group of baboons (狒狒) in the Namibian desert在句中做为状语，因为动词work与句子主语Dr. Alecia Carter构成主动关系。同时现在分词短语involving a novel food and a familiar food hidden

57、in a box作为定语修饰前面的名词learning tasks。2. This mismatch between collecting social information and using it shows that personality plays a key role in social learning in animals, something that has previously been ignored in studies on how animals learn to do things.【翻译】这种收集信息和使用信息的错位说明性格在动物的社会性学习方面起着关键的作

58、用，这是在关于动物如何学习的之前的研究中被忽略的问题。【分析】本句中的动词show后面含有一个that引导的宾语从句that personality plays a key role in social learning in animals, something that has previously been ignored in studies on how animals learn to do things。这个宾语从句中something就指personality plays a key role in social learning in animals这一点。Something

59、后面是一个定语从句that has previously been ignored in studies on how animals learn to do things。修饰先行词something。五（2014湖南卷）C The behaviour of a buildings users may be at least as important as its design when it comes to energy use, according to new research from the UK Energy Research Centre (UKERC). The UK pr

60、omises to reduce its carbon emissions (排放）by 80 percent by 2050, part of which will be achieved by all new homes being zero-carbon by 2016. But this report shows that sustainable building design on its own though extremely important- is not enough to achieve such reductions: the behaviour of the peo