专四阅读详解 天才意味着不懈的努力

1、星期 1 MondayGenius only means hard-working all ones life .天才只意味着终身不懈的努力。学习内容题材词数建议时间错误统计做题备忘Text A日常生活5597分钟/5Text B儿童健康3914.5分钟/4Text C女性人物4707分钟/6Text D经济开发4166.5分钟/5今日练习Text AWe should have had her spayed right after Roberta gave her to us. But it was one of those things we just didnt get around t

2、o it. So one August afternoon, Peach gave birth to 14 puppies. The kids were thrilled, but it crossed my mind once or twice that I had no idea how wed find good homes for so many adorable mutts.The kids and I had a blast with the pups, but as our lovely friends grew, the cleanup job on the backyard

3、lawn increased as well. I usually ended up with the housework after the kids had left for school in morning, and after eight weeks the job was getting old. Besides, the time had come to start to get them settled into permanent homes.So one weekend the kids and I piled into the truck, puppies in the

4、rear, yipping and playful biting each others ears and tails, and we headed for the local humane society. I didnt think I had the patience to deal with all the phone calls a newspaper ad would bring.But in northern California at that time, shelters were full of animals, and if they werent adopted qui

5、ckly they wer e put to sleep. I tried stifling that bit of information, but it wouldnt stay submerged; I cried the whole way.When we arrived at the shelter, I dried my tears and smoothed my puffy eyes. I walked alone (the kids were not cooperating) up to the counter and cheerfully announced I had 14

6、 wonderful puppies for them. The woman, without looking up from her paperwork, roared, “We dont take puppies. I cried all the way home, this time with the tears of relief.So I placed an ad for “free puppies in the newspaper. I dont think we got a single phone call. In the meantime, the kids and pups

7、 grew more inseparable. Only our two cats were allowed to spend the nights inside, but from the laughs and the look of the blankets in the morning, some pups had been overlooked at bedtime.The gate on our backyard fence opened onto the elementary schools grass field. Every afternoon, scores of kids

8、arrived to play soccer. The children loved it when their games were over, for then I would open the floodgate, releasing 14 roly-poly, tail-wagging puppies for them to play with. Surely a parent wouldnt mind taking one or two home. The parents loved the puppies, too; but their disciplined ability to

9、 decline our offering amazed me.Certainly the great plan could not have been for us to keep all 14 puppies, even if they had been given perfect names. I desperately searched the heavens for a solution. The odd idea came to put another ad in the paper, this time asking $10 for each puppy.It worked. P

10、lacing a value on the mutts somehow had an effect. I made a deal with the kids:If we were sold out of the puppies, I would give them half the money. They could buy whatever they wanted. So when two weeks later all the puppies were gone, I had the kids to get their money jars out. They proudly carrie

11、d their savings as I drove them to their favorite place the toy store. Of course, the dog pound might have seemed easier. But I liked this ending much better.At the beginning of the passage, the author implies thathe didnt like dogs.he couldnt afford to have a dog.he regretted not refusing to take P

12、each.he regretted not having had Peach spayed.After eight weeks the author thought the cleanup job on the backyard lawn wasdifficult. B time-consuming.C boring.D too easy.According to the passage, if a dog in the shelter wasnt taken by someone, it wouldbe sold out.B be killed.C be dumped.D be put ou

13、t.When the author put an ad for “free puppies” in the newspaper, nobody called becausenot all people noticed her ad.people wouldnt believe what the ad said.people wouldnt like to get puppies for free.not all people liked puppies.Which of the following statements is NOT true?The author had two cats b

14、esides the dogs.The author didnt allow the pets to stay in the house at night.The author put two ads in the newspaper to find homes for the puppies.The author thought the ending was good for the puppies.Text BThe term “childhood diseases” denotes those diseases that characteristically occur during a

15、n age span that begins with the fetus（胎儿）and extends through adolescence. This is a period typified by change, both in the child himself and in his immediate environment. Changes in the child related to growth and development are so striking that it is almost as if the child were a series of distinc

16、t yet related individuals as he passes through infancy, childhood, and adolescence. Changes in the environment occur as the surroundings and contacts of a totally dependent infant become those of a progressively more independent child and adolescent. Health and disease during the period from concept

17、ion to adolescence must be understood against this backdrop of changes.Although, for the most part, the diseases of childhood are similar to those of the adult, there are several important differences. For example, certain specific disorders, such as precocious puberty（早熟），are unique to children; Ot

18、hers, such as acute nephritis inflammation of the kidney are common in children and infrequent in adults. At the same time, some diseases that are common in adults are infrequent in children. These include essential hypertension （high blood pressure of unknown cause） and gout. Finally, a major segme

19、nt of pediatric care（儿科护理） concerns the treatment and prevention of congenital anomalies, both functional and structural.Apart from variations in disease due to differences between children and adults, certain other features of diseases in children need to be emphasized. Infectious disorders are pre

20、valent and remain a leading cause of death, although individual illnesses are often mild and of minor consequence. Most instances of the common communicable diseases, such as measles, chicken pox, and mumps, are encountered in childhood. Disorders of nutrition, still of great concern, especially but

21、 not exclusively in developing countries, are of extreme importance to the growing and developing child. The unique nutritional requirements of children make them unusually liable to deficiency states: vitamin-D deficiency causes rickets, a common disorder of children in developing countries, and on

22、ly rarely causes any disease in adults. The major environmental hazards that endanger the health of young children are either unavoidable, as in air pollution, or accidental, as in poisoning and in traffic injuries. Older children, especially adolescents, are exposed, as are adults, to environmental

23、 hazards that they deliberately seek, such as cigarette smoking and the use of alcohol and other drugs.Childhood diseases aregenerally caused by the change of the child himself.caused primarily by the change of the childs immediate environment.associated with the changes related to the childs growth

24、 and development.characterized by a series of distinct yet related stages.Adults may suffer all the following diseases EXCEPTgout. B hypertension. C precocious puberty. D acute nephritis.Which of the following is NOT true?Childhood diseases are often mild and of minor consequence.Infectious diseases

25、 are still the major cause to childrens death.Childrens unique nutritional needs make them reliable to deficiency statesSome children even intentionally pursue particular environmental hazards.The last paragraph is mainly aboutvariations in childhood diseases.some remarkable features of childhood di

26、seases.prevalent infectious disorders in children.important differences between childhood diseases and adult diseases.Text CElizabeth I has been dead for more than 400 years, and Mary Queen of Scots was beheaded 16 years earlier in 1587. Yet todays women still identify with these two powerful queens

27、.Elizabeth is frequently mentioned in opinion polls about great leaders, and many successful women have been inspired by her. Meanwhile, Elizabeths self-willed cousin, Mary Queen of Scots, also has legions of fans. She is often cited as the ultimate romantic heroine who followed her heart and was un

28、done by love.Elizabeth and Mary were celebrity queens in their own lifetimes, and part of their enduring fascination is that they embody the female dilemma we all share 一 whether we should follow our head (Elizabeth) or our heart (Mary). Even today, we feel we have to choose between the two as it of

29、ten seems impossible to reconcile demanding work and duty to others with expressing our needs for love and personal fulfillment.Elizabeth and Marys lives as queens were rich, complex and dangerous, and the prize that divided them was nothing less than the English crown itself. Yet their opposing res

30、ponses to loveand loss, rivalry and danger, hope and frustration of desire still strike a chord with 21st-centurywomen.Elizabeth was an intellectual and pragmatist（实用主义者）who was largely in control of her emotions, while Mary, a courageous woman of action, was a reckless romantic who followed her hea

31、rt. Elizabeth made personal sacrifices in order to be a great queen and effective ruler. She never married, but often spoke about being “mother and wife” of her people. Mary, on the other han d, married Bothwell against all advice and faced the subsequent wreckage of her reign.Mary was a reckless ro

32、mantic but was by no means a fool. She was an intelligent, respected ruler, but her failing was her lack of insight into the consequences of her actions. Her rashness left her vulnerable and eventually led to her downfall. On the contrary, Elizabeth was far more politically adept and knew how to pla

33、y the game. Marys primary concern was her own immediate desire.Of course, it is possible that theres a bit of both Mary and Elizabeth in every woman. Similarly, the queens public images were not always so clear -cut. Until the scandal following her second husbands murder, Mary was considered the goo

34、d” queen, the woman who had done what was expected of her by marrying and producing a son. Elizabeth was generally considered wanton（放荡的人）,with her bold flirtation（调情）with Lord Dudley, her refusal to marry and her resistance to being managed by the men who surrounded her. Mary, though the tragedy of

35、 her death, became a Catholic martyr, while Elizabeth, leading her people against Spains great Armada, became Englands greatest queen.Just as Mary and Elizabeths public images could be overturned by a murder and a marriage, or an execution and a naval victory, so we can be deceived about ourselves a

36、nd others.Todays women still identify with Elizabeth and Mary becausethey were intelligent and powerful queens.they were great and successful leaders.they embodied the female dilemma all women share.they successfully reconciled duty to others with personal fulfillment.It is that turned these two que

37、ens against each other.their totally different personalitiestheir opposing political opinionsthe fight for the English crownthe preference of English peopleWhat was Marys weakness?Her arrogance.Her foolishness.Her lack of insight.Her flirtation.“Theres a bit of both Mary and Elizabeth .” in paragrap

38、h 7 meansevery woman likes both Mary and Elizabeth.every woman has the desire to be Mary or Elizabeth.every woman have the traits of both Mary and Elizabeth.every woman may become a Mary or an Elizabeth.Whats the major difference between Mary and Elizabeth?A Their personal traits.Their love stories.

39、Their life styles.Their political ideas.According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?Mary had little control over her emotions.Mary was less proficient in politics than Elizabeth.Elizabeth sacrificed to be a great “mother and wife” of her people.Elizabeth was a perfect que

40、en who could withstand criticizes.Text DA dispute over proposed commercial development at the foot of Mount Hopkins in southern Arizona threatens to end years of peaceful coexistence between astronomers and land developers in the state.Astronomers have opposed the project, fearing that light polluti

41、on will degrade viewing conditions at the Whipple Observatory, the Multiple Mirror Telescope (MMT) and other facilities in the mountain.Fairfield Homes, a developer based in Green Valley, Arizona, wants to expand plans for low-density housing to include commercial development. It has threatened astr

42、onomers with a lawsuit if they continue to speak out against the project. Fairfields application for commercial development on the 5,200 acre Canoa Ranch site 20 miles south of Tucson was scheduled to go before a local board of supervisors at a public hearing this week.In a letter sent two days befo

43、re Christmas, Frank Cassidy, an attorney for Fairfield, accused astronomers from the Whipple Observatory and other institutions of lobbying against the project “under the guise of providing scientific information”.Cassidy claimed that, because the Smithsonian Institution observatories are publicly o

44、wned, interfering with Fairfields $900 million development could amount to a government “taking” of private property, for which opponents of the project would be liable.Cassidys letter threatened the institutions as well as individuals including Robert Firshner of the Harvard Smithsonian Center for

45、Astrophysics and MMT observatory director Craig Foltz with “appropriate legal action” unless they stopped their “lobbying” against the Canoa Ranoa Ranch application. His estimates were in some cases six to seven times higher than the developers, based on different assumptions about the types and amo

46、unt of commercial lots that would produce.Frank Thomson, a planning consultant to Fairfield, says his client is sensitive to astronomers worries, and is committed to producing no more light pollution than would result from the already approved plan for 1,200 homes. But Luginbuhl and other astronomer

47、s say verbal promise counts for little.The issue will undoubtedly come up later this year when a committee representing both astronomers and developers, cochaired by Don Davis of the Tucson Planetary Science Institute, takes up the matter of revised lighting codes for the Tucson area, which also hav

48、e been revised several times since being established in 1972. Thomson says it is “unfortunate” that tensions have escalated over Canoa Ranch after more than 10 years of astronomers and developers working out their differences in a friendlier way. But astronomers were irritated by what Smithsonian at

49、torney James Wilson called Cassidys “inappropriate attempt to intimidate,” and what a Tucson newspaper termed “Fairfields crude threat”.Astronomers are against the project becausethe commercial development will destroy the environment of Mount Hopkins.the land developers threaten to accuse them of o

50、pposing the project.they can no longer coexistent with the land developers peacefully.development on the Canoa Ranch site will affect their viewing conditions.In his letter, Frank Cassidy made it clear thatsome astronomers had taken improper actions against their projects.the state government attemp

51、ted to take Fairfield Homes private property.the opponents to their project would be punished by law.some astronomers had threatened to interfering with Fairfields development.The astronomers from the Whipple Observatory thought thatFairfield should change the plan to a noncommercial one.Fairfields

52、verbal promises could not guarantee his future action.Fairfields project would result in devastating air pollution.Fairfield should expand his housing plans to other areas.Astronomers were annoyed bythe bitter dispute over Fairfields proposed commercial development.the possible feature of pollution

53、at the foot of Mount Hopkins.Fairfields inappropriate attempt to threaten them.the committees decision to revise lighting codes for the Tucson area.Whats the authors attitude towards the dispute?A Indifferent.B Surprised.Objective.D Biased.词汇难句语境词汇Text Athrill v/吏兴奋，使激动；震颤n.激动；震颤blast 狂喜；疾风；爆炸v.爆炸；使

54、凋谢pile into挤进，挤压rear n.后部，靠后的地方v.抚养；举起a.后面的stifle .抑制，压抑pound n.动物收容所；英镑.猛击，敲打；跳动Text Bdenote v.为的名称；指示fetus n.胎儿contact n.接触到的人；接触，联系.接触，联系conception n.（母体）怀孕期间；概念，观念backdrop n.背景for the most part彳艮大程度上precocious puberty 早熟pediatric care 儿科护理congenital anomalies 先天性异常deficiency 缺乏Text Cbehead vt,斩首

55、，砍头legion n.大批的人；军团reconcile vt.使一致；使和解；调解strike a chord with sb引起某人的共鸣，打动某人pragmatist n.实用主义者adept a.熟练的，拿手的n.行家，熟手wanton n.放荡的人flirtation n.调情Text Ddegrade vt.使降级；使退化；使丢脸schedule vt.安排，计划；把列入进度表guise n.伪装，假装；外观，装束interfere vi.干涉，介入；妨碍，打扰liable a.有法律责任的，有义务的；有倾向的commit vt.使承担义务，使作出保证；犯（罪）escalate v

56、i.&vt.（使）升级；（使）扩大intimidate vt.恐吓，威胁难句突破Text ABut in northern California at that time, shelters were full of animals, and if they werent adopted quickly they were put to sleep.【分析】并列复合句。由and连接两个并列的分句。后一个分句里有一个if引导的条件状 语从句。【译文】但是，那个时期加利福尼亚州北部的收容所里住满了动物，如果它们在短期内无人 收养，就会被处理掉。The children loved it when

57、their games were over, for then I would open the floodgate, releasing 14 roly-poly, tail-wagging puppies for them to play with.【分析】复合句。句子主干是children loved it。句中when引导时间状语从句，for引导原因 状语从句；releasing.是现在分词短语作伴随状语。【译文】孩子们踢完球还喜欢呆在这里，因为那时我会打开围墙门，让14只圆滚滚、摇着 尾巴的小狗跑出去和他们玩。Text BThe term “childhood diseases” d

58、enotes those diseases that characteristically occur during an age span that begins with the fetus and extends through adolescence.【分析】复合句。第一个that引导的定语从句修饰主句的宾语those diseases，在这个定语从 句里又嵌套一个that引导的定语从句修饰span。【译文】儿童期疾病指的是那些在从胎儿到青春期的年龄段里特有的病。Changes in the child related to growth and development are so

59、striking that it is almost as if the child were a series of distinct yet related individuals as he passes through infancy, childhood, and adolescence.【分析】复合句。句子的主干是Changes are striking0 so.that结构引导结果状语从句，其 中包含一个as if引导的表语从句；该表语从句用了虚拟语气the child were.,表示一种不 成立的假设；as在句中引导时间状语从句。【译文】小孩成长发育时期的变化如此显著，以致于

60、一个小孩在经历婴儿期、童年期、青春 期时几乎就像变成几个完全不同但又彼此相关的人一样。Text CElizabeth and Mary were celebrity queens in their own lifetimes, and part of their enduring fascination is that they embody the female dilemma we all share 一 whether we should follow our head (Elizabeth) or our heart (Mary).【分析】并列复合句。该句是由and连接的两个并列分句组