年6月英语六级翻译模拟试题：汉语

1、2015年6月英语六级翻译模拟试题：汉语从某种意义上说，汉语是一种很古老的语言，其最早的汉字已有近四千年的历史了。汉字在其漫长的发展史中演化成许多不同的书写形式，例如篆书、隶书、楷书和行书。中国书法家往往使汉字的字形夸张以取得艺术效果，例如旅游胜地的一些石刻碑文。中国书法是一门研究艺术，随着各位学习兴趣的提高，我们将适时介绍中国书法的流派，以及如何欣赏中国书法的艺术性。【翻译词汇】从某种意义上说 in a sense汉字 Chinese character演化 evolve书写形式 script form篆书 Seal script隶书 Clerical script楷书 Regular sc

2、ript行书 Running script书法家 calligrapher致使 render取得 yield旅游胜地 tourist resort石刻碑文 stone inscription适时 in due time欣赏 appreciate【精彩译文】In a sense, Chinese is a very old language, and its earliest characters date back nearly four thousand years ago.During their long history of development, Chinese character

3、s have evolved into many different script forms,such as the Seal script, Clerical script, Regular script and Running script. Chinese calligraphers usually rendertheir Chinese characters in ways that exaggerate the form to yield artistic beauty, such as those in stone inscriptionsseen in tourist reso

4、rts. Chinese calligraphy is a subject of artistic study. As your interest in Chinese character systemincreases in the days to come, we will introduce in due time the different schools of Chinese calligraphy, and how toappreciate the artistic beauty of Chinese calligraphy.2015年6月英语六级翻译模拟试题：普通话中国的官方语言

5、普通话在美国的学校中突然热起来。由于中国经济在21世纪的快速发展，美国的公立和私立学校纷纷在外语课程中加入汉语这一科目，或将已有的汉语教学项目进行扩展。据统计，在美国的学校中，有5万名孩子在学习汉语。但推动汉语项目的发展不是没有遇到困难。由于缺乏受过专业训练、持有证书的教师，一些学校很难加入汉语教学的竞争。当学校聘用教师时，它们通常直接从中国招聘，这种方式为文化冲突埋下了隐患。【翻译词汇】官方语言 official language普通话 Mandarin快速的 rapid 课程 curriculum (pl.curricula)已有的 in place缺乏 shortage受过专业训练 pr

6、ofessionally trained证书 certificate招聘 recruit文化冲突 culture clash【精彩译文】Mandarin, the official language of China, is suddenly hot in American schools. With the rapid development of Chinas economy in the 21th century,both public and private schools in America are scrambling to add Mandarin to their curri

7、cula of foreign languages or expandingChinese language programs already in place. By some estimates, as many as 50 000 children nationwide are taking Mandarinin American schools. To develop Chinese-language programs has met some difficulties. A shortage of professionally trained teachers with certif

8、icates has madeit difficult for some schools to join the competition. When schools need to employ teachers, they often recruit them fromChina directly, which is a hidden trouble for culture clash.2015年6月英语六级翻译模拟试题：老龄化如今，中国正步入老龄化社会，因此独生子女一代面临着巨大的工作和生活压力。中国政府开始适当调整计划生育政策，允许一些家庭在特殊情况下生育二胎。但调查显示，很多夫妻迫于不

9、断加重的经济压力，放弃生育二胎。因此，要从根本上解决老龄化的问题不能依靠出生率的上升，最有效的办法是建立有效的社会保障制度。【翻译词汇】步入 step into老龄化社会 aging society独生子女一代 the only-child generation巨大的 enormous调整 adjust计划生育政策 the family planning policy在特殊情况下 under certain circumstances由于，迫于 due to放弃 abandon 依靠 rely on出生率 birth rate有效的 effective社会保障制度 social securit

10、y system【精彩译文】Nowadays, China is stepping into the aging society. Therefore, the only-child generation is facing enormous pressure both from work and life. The Chinese government has begun to adjust the familyplanning policy and allows some families to have a second child under certain circumstances

11、. However, the survey shows thatsome couples abandon to have a second child due to the increasing financial burden. Thus, in order to solve the aging problem,the basic thing is not relying on the increase of birth rate. The best solution is to establish an effective social security system.2015年6月英语六

12、级翻译模拟试题：廉价零售为何廉价零售如此蓬勃Business商业报道Mercadona梅尔卡多纳Spanish aisles西班牙走廊Why a low-price retailer is thriving为何廉价零售如此蓬勃FEW domestic firms are prospering in crisis-racked Spain, but Mercadona is.在经历经济危机的创伤之后，西班牙很少有几家国内企业能够恢复兴旺发展，然而梅尔卡多纳除外。Spains largest supermarket by sales has enjoyed double-digit growth

13、for most of the pastdecade.过去十年中，西班牙最大的销售型超市在大部分时间呈两位数增长。When Juan Roig, the chairman, took over in 1981, Mercadona had only eight shops, all in Valencia.1981年，胡安.罗伊上任主席，任职之初，梅尔卡多纳仅有8间店铺，并且全部都在巴伦西亚。Today it has 1,310 and annual sales of 16.5 billion $23.8 billion.而今，它有1310家连锁店，年销售额达到165亿欧元合238亿美金。Sp

14、ains economic troubles seem to have made it stronger.西班牙的经济问题似乎反而让它变的更为强大。Profits dipped in 2009, but surged again by 47% in 2010 after some forceful cost-cutting.2009年，经济效益下滑，但是在2010年完成了一些强有力的成本削减后，又激增了47%。Mercadonas strength is low prices.梅尔卡多纳的优势在低价。The family-owned chain does not fritter away ca

15、sh on advertising.家族式连锁不会在广告费用上造成任何浪费。It mercilessly squeezes the suppliers of its own-brand products.它不遗余力地要求供应商做自己的品牌的产品。These suppliers, of which there are about 100, put up with Mercadonas squeezing because they have a long-term relationship with the company and have grown with it.而将近100家的供应商为了与

16、这家公司长期合作，也为了得到长远的发展，不得不接受受梅尔卡多纳的要求。Since 2009 Mercadona has shaved 2.2 billion of costs from its products, often with simple adjustments such as reducing packaging.自2009年以来，梅尔卡多纳利用自有品牌削减了22亿欧元的成本，并且不时地做些简单的调整，如减少包装成本等措施。Tight relationships with its suppliers foster innovation.与供应商的无间合作促使革新。For examp

17、le, sticking a plastic lid on a large tin of tuna made it easier to open and increased its sales by 60% in 2010.比如说，2010年的时候，在一大罐金枪鱼罐头上使用塑料盖子可以使之更容易开启，从而让这个产品的销售量增加了60%。Even so, Mercadona does not skimp on technology or logistics.即便如此，梅尔卡多纳在技术或者后勤方面绝不偷工减料。It was the first retailer in Spain to use ba

18、r-code scanners.它是西班牙第一家使用条形码扫描器的零售店。And it owns a fully automated logistics warehouse just outside Madrid.并且就在马德里附近，它有一个全自动化管理的后勤仓库。Robot arms stack goods in crates like a game of Tetris.机械臂把货物像叠俄罗斯方块一样垒起来。Mercadona is unique in several ways, says Zeynep Ton of Harvard University, who wrote a case

19、study on the chain.梅尔卡多纳在很多方面都是独一无二的，哈佛大学的泽伊内普.托恩说道，他写了一个关于连锁的个案研究。Its 63,500 employees are on permanent contracts with bonuses, work regular hours and receive 20 times more training than the staff of an average American retailer.它有63,500名员工都是终身签约包括奖金，按规律时间上班并接受培训，而培训次数可比一般的美国零售商的员工接受的培训要多20次。This m

20、akes them more productive: sales per Mercadona employee were 18% higher in 2008 than at other Spanish supermarkets. Staff turnover is only 4%.这使得他们生产效率更高：2008年，平均每个梅尔卡多纳员工的销售额比西班牙其他超市的销售额高出18%。而员工流动率一年仅有4%。Employees constantly gather feedback from shoppers, whom they refer to, accuratelyenough, as b

21、osses.员工们经常会收集购物者的反馈，而他们，准确的说，是指老板们。Shops are designed to make shopping quick and easy.商店就被设计成让人们更快更便捷地购物。The selection is smaller than in other supermarkets, especially after Mercadona took theunpopular decision of eliminating 1,000 products from the shelves in 2009.梅尔卡多纳的选择区比其他超市的要小，特别是2009年以后，因为梅

22、尔卡多纳把1000种不受欢迎的产品下架了。Own-label items such as Deliplus a line of cosmetics account for 38 % of sales.像Deliplus化妆品牌系列这样的自定商标货物占销售额的38%。Mercadona products were ranked number one, in terms of value for money, in a recent survey of 5,200 households by TNS, a market researcher.特恩斯的一名市场调查员对5200户家庭进行调查，在最近的

23、一次调查中，梅尔卡多纳的产品根据经济价值位列第一。There is still plenty of room to grow at home.但是这个超市依然有很多发展空间。Mercadona accounts for 13.1 % of the floor space in Spanish supermarkets, which makes it the third-largest chain in the country, after Frances Carrefour and the co-operative Eroski.梅尔卡多纳占西班牙超市面积达13.1%，它达到了全国大型连锁的第

24、三名，仅次于法国家乐福和联合以罗斯基。It aims to enter the Italian or French market next year, probably through a small acquisition.明年，梅尔卡多纳计划进驻意大利或者法国市场，很可能通过小型收购这个渠道。Mr Roig doubts that the Mercadona model can simply be copied abroad. We must learn everything from everyone, he says.罗伊先生对梅尔卡多纳经营模式在国外市场的简单套用表示不确定。我们必须

25、从每个人身上学习所有的东西，他这样说道。Unlike most Spanish bosses, Mr Roig doesnt mince his words.与西班牙大多数的老板不同，罗伊先生不会装腔作势。Earlier this year he said the only good thing about 2011 for Spain was that it would be better than 2012.今年年初，他谈及有关2011年对西班牙有好处的唯一一点是，会比2012更好。It will be worse if the Spanish people do not take up

26、the challenge of transforming Spain, he says, by which he means bringing its colossal welfare state under control.如果西班牙人民不去挑战改变西班牙，那么情况会变的更糟，他说道，而他的意思是把它的臃肿的福利体系带入正轨。Mr Roig believes that Spain has great human capital.罗伊先生相信西班牙有极好的人力资源。That is true, but Spains youth unemployment rate-a staggering 45

27、%-suggests that much of this talent is being squandered.确实如此，但是西班牙的青年不在业率达令人惊讶的45%，这表明大部分的资源都被浪费了。The protesters in the plazas complain that Spains politicians have lost touch with how ordinary people live.广场抗议的人群控诉说，西班牙政府和普通人的生活有所隔膜。That is not a mistake a supermarket can afford to make.而这个失误则不是超市可

28、以解决的。2015年6月英语六级翻译模拟试题：鼓励举报商业公司鼓励举报The SEC offers a huge carrot to encourage whistle-blowers美国证券交易委员会高额悬赏鼓励举报人TOO many people remain silent in the face of fraud, says Mary Schapiro, the chairman of Americas Securities & Exchange Commission (SEC). On May 25th she announced new rules to encourage corp

29、orate whistle-blowing. Inducements will include cash: 10-30% of fines of over $1m that result from tip-offs. The US Chamber of Commerce, a business lobby, calls it a bounty programme that will reward amateur sleuths in search of a big payday. It isthreatening legal action to block it.太多人在面对欺诈行为时选择了沉

30、默。美国证券交易委员会(SEC)主席Mary Schapiro感叹道。5月25日，她公布了鼓励举报公司犯罪的新规定。举报的奖励将会包含现金：如果举报产生了100万美元以上的罚款，那么举报人可获得罚款金额的10-30%。企业游说组织美国商会将其称作赏金计划，奖励那些盼着一夜暴富的业余侦探。其威胁性会导致有人采取法律行动来阻止这一计划。The new rules were required by the Dodd-Frank act, Congresss response to the financial crisis, which was passed last year. They follo

31、w an earlier effort to encourage employees to speak up. After Enron, an energy firm, collapsed in a flurry of fraud, Congress passed the Sarbanes-Oxley act in 2002 which, among other things, protected whistle-blowers from retaliation.国会为应对金融危机在去年通过了多德佛兰克金融改革法案(Dodd-Frank act)，这些新规定是应该法案的要求制定的。同时也延续了

32、早就开始的鼓励公司员工站出来举报的做法。在能源公司安然(Enron)在连串的欺诈案件中轰然倒下之后，国会采取的善后措施中就包括通过了萨班-奥克利法案(Sarbanes-Oxley act)保护举报人免遭报复。Employees have never found it easy to squeal on employers. Perhaps the most celebrated ofcorporate whistle-blowers, Sherron Watkins, a former executive at Enron, never went public with her predict

33、ion that the company might be brought down by fraud. She reported her concerns internally, and was ignored.员工举报老板从来就不是件容易事。最著名的举报人，安然公司前高官Sherron Watkins，可能从没有将她对于公司会因诈骗倒闭的预测公布于众。她只是在公司内部提出了她的担忧，但是没有人理睬。When the SEC released draft rules in November, businesses fretted that the financial rewards woul

34、d prompt insiders to go straight to the commission, bypassing their firms internalproceduresespecially since that would reduce the risk of being victimised by the boss or branded a disgruntled employee. The new rules try to correct this, for example by allowing areward to be paid in some circumstanc

35、es to whistle-blowers who only grumble internally.当证券交易委员会在去年11月公布规定的草案时，公司担心金钱奖励会促使内部知情人越过内部程序直接向委员会举报，因为这样会降低被老板陷害或者被贴上不满员工标签的风险。新出台的规定试图改变这一状况，比如规定在一些情况下可以奖励只在内部举报没有外传的员工。The chance of making a fortune may encourage speculative whistle-blowing in the hope of winning the lottery. Ms Schapiros new

36、Office of the Whistleblower may be deluged with useless tips. But even that might be better than the status quo.靠举报发财的机会也许会刺激一心想发财的投机式举报。Schapiro女士的新举报官可能会被无效的线索淹没。但是即使是这样也好过现状。2015年6月英语六级翻译模拟试题：形体政治学Science and technology科学及技术Human communication人类交流Gesture politics形体政治学People talk a lot, but their

37、hand signals may conveymore useful information虽然人类主要通过语言交流，但是一些手势往往能传达更多有用的信息。Silence is golden沉默是金IT IS received wisdom that humanity owes a lot of its evolutionary success to its remarkableability to communicate.人类在进化上的成功大部分归功于其非凡的交流能力已经成为一个被接受的常识。So much so, in fact, that few have bothered to tes

38、t this hypothesis in any systematic way.尽管如此，事实上还没有人系统地验证过这一假设。Now, a group of researchers led by Andrew King, of the Royal Veterinary College in Britain, has tried to plug this gaping hole.如今，一个由“英国皇家兽医学院”的安德鲁.科恩率领的研究小组正尝试填补这块空缺。Their first results have just been published in Biology Letters.他们的第一个

39、研究成果被发表在了生物学快报上。Hunter-gatherers practice of scouring their surroundings for edible plants is responsible for half of the name anthropologists have bestowed on them.采猎者搜集居住区周围可食用植物的行为应了人类学家赋予他们的名字中的一半的内容。And for good reason.而出于此理由，With hunting likely to have been an intermittent diversion, effective

40、 foraging would have beencrucial to tiding early humans over to the next woolly mammoth.狩猎可能变成了一种间歇性的活动，而有效的搜集活动对于帮助早期人类渡过冰河时期起到了关键作用。So Dr King and his colleagues conducted a study to see how, if at all, communication enhances foraging prowess.所以，科恩博士及其同事主持了这项研究活动以确认交流是如何促进搜集技巧的。They recruited 121

41、visitors to, rather appropriately, the London Zoo, and split them into 43 groups.他们邀请了大约121名游客访问伦敦动物园，并将他们分成了43个小组。Each group contained between two and seven people.每个小组的成员在2到7人之间，Some were single-sex and some mixed.且有的为单一性别，有的为男女混合搭配。Some were composed of family and friends whereas others brought t

42、ogether complete strangers.部分小组由亲戚朋友组成，其他则完全是陌生人。Half the groups were allowed to communicate freely.在这些小组中，一半可以进行自由交流，The rest were told to exchange no verbal signals or gestures of any kind.另一半择不允许通过声音信号以及任何肢体动作进行交流。Each group was then asked to a room containing six foraging patchesboxes filled wit

43、h 300 cards, some green and some whitearranged at a distance from a central home base.每个小组会被邀请到一个设置了6个搜集区-也就是盛有300张绿色和白色卡片的盒子的房间，这些盒子被放置在离中心基地区域一定距离的地方。The green cards were defined as good and the patches varied from 5% to 95% green.绿色的卡片为最好，每个搜集区所含绿色卡片的比例由5%到95%不等。The foragers could not see inside

44、the boxes and were allowed to pick only one card at a time, through a hand hole, using their dominant hand.搜集者看不到盒子的内部情况并且只能惯用手从小孔处一次取出一枚卡片。There were no restrictions on which patches to visit, but each time a card was plucked it had to be returned to the home base, irrespective of colour.对于访问哪个搜集区并

45、没有设置限制，但是每次卡片在取出之后无论是什么颜色，都必须送回基地区域。The goal was to collect as many good cards as possible in an unspecified short period of time (all trials actually lasted ten minutes).小组的目标就是在给定的时间段内(事实上每次尝试持续10分钟)搜集尽可能多的绿色卡片。As an incentive, members of the best-performing group would receive an animal-adoption

46、prize worth 30 ($47).作为鼓励，表现最好的小组将获得价值30英镑(47美元)的动物领养奖励。Before the modern-day foragers were let loose, radio-frequency tags, like those used in swipe cards, were wrapped around everyones dominant wrist.原始社会的搜集者比较分散，所以每个成员惯用手的手腕上都配带了一个与磁卡无线电标签相似的标签。All the good forage cards were similarly tagged.所有绿色

47、卡片上同样安置了相同的标签。These, together with antennae on top of the boxes and in the home base, allowed Dr King totrack the group members precise movements.这些标签和卡片盒上以及基地区域内安置的天线使得科恩博士可以精准地追踪每个小组的行动。That, in turn, made it possible to determine how long it took each group to reach a consensus,defined as concent

48、rating more than 90% of activity around a single patch.从而，有可能确定每个小组需要花多长时间来达成共识，即该小组95%的活动都集中在一个搜集区内。Unsurprisingly, the groups that were allowed to communicate proved the more effectiveforagers.事实证明，那些可以进行交流的小组的搜集者效率相对较高。They were much likelier than their non-communicating peers to converge on the

49、greenest patches.这也并让人感到不惊讶。与其他不可以进行交流的竞争者相比，他们更有可能汇聚在绿色卡片最多的搜集区。What did come as something of a surprise, however, was the nature of the communication that mattered.然而让人感到惊讶的却是他们交流的方式。The researchers monitored noise levels and hand gestures.研究者对他们使用发出的噪音以及手势进行了监测。Noise levels served as a proxy for

50、verbal communication; gestures, for the non-verbal sort.噪音可以作为有声交流的替代方式，而手势则对应无声交流。Dr King found that the only thing which explained the probability of lighting on the best patchwas gesture use, which peaked just before consensus was reached.科恩博士发现唯一可以用来解释存在选择最好搜集区的可能性的原因是肢体语言的使用，并且这种肢体语言的使用在共识达成之前就

51、已经达到了顶峰。Noise levels remained more or less constant the whole time, suggesting that verbal messages were not as important.在整个时间段内，噪音断断续续地得到了持续使用，这显示有声信息并不是那么重要。Constant volume may hide the variable importance of what was said.不间断的声音可能会影响不同重要性语言的传达。So, Dr King plans to repeat the experiment, controll

52、ing for the meaning of both utterances and gestures.所以，科恩博士计划重复试验，以确认发音和肢体语言的意义。Moreover, hand gestures are a relatively local signal.况且，手势是一种相对本土化的信号。It remains an open question whether they are as crucial to success in groups larger than the half-dozen or so people typical of foraging parties in h

53、unter-gatherer societies. Spoken contributions allow information to be disseminated rapidly to group members far away.在采猎者社会群落中，典型的搜集者人数大约占到了一半左右，对于那些人数多于搜集者的群落，手势是对于这些人的成功能否起到同样的关键作用仍然是一个问题。That may trump the importance of non-verbal messages as groups grow larger.声音可以将信息快速地传播给远处的部落成员。并且随着群落的壮大，语言信

54、息的重要性将超过非语言传递信息的重要性。But if gestures convey some vital extra information, people in larger groups may limit theircommunication to nearby co-foragers.但是，如果肢体语言可以传达一些额外的重要信息，那么在较大群落中，人们会将交流范围仅限于附近的搜集者。This might lead to the emergence of subgroups.从而导致此次群落的出现。How all this pertains to the “hunter” in “hu

55、nter-gatherer” has yet to be investigated.关于以上这些是如何影响采猎群落中的狩猎者目前还没有相关调查。Getting a project on that past an ethics committee might involve an interesting act ofcommunication in its own right.如果绕开道德层面来开展研究项目，其本身就是一种有趣的交流方式。Sodium montmorillonite can be freeze-dried into a spongelike material known as a

56、n aerogel. Aerogels are famously fragile. But that is because they are mostly empty space. Indeed, they are sometimes nicknamed solid smoke. This fragility disguises an underlying stiffness. Filling the pores in the aerogel with plastic should remove its fragility and, conversely, the networkof clay

57、 molecules in the aerogel will stop the plastic cracking. So the researchers reckoned that if they mixed casein with the clay and added glyceraldehyde (which substitutes for thepoisonous formaldehyde used in the original plastic), they might be able to make something really rather useful.蒙脱土可以被冷冻干燥成

58、一种叫做气凝胶的海绵状材料。因为主要是空心，所以气凝胶是一种有名的易碎材料。事实上，它们有时候也被戏称为 固态烟。 其实，他们的易碎性掩盖了他们坚强的一面。如果将酪蛋白塑料灌入气凝胶的细孔，那么气凝胶将不再易碎，相反，气凝胶中粘土分子的网状系统同样会防止酪蛋白塑料破裂。所以，研究者们认为如果他们将酪蛋白与粘土混合在一起并添加甘油醛(用来取代原先塑料中所使用的含毒性的甲醛)，将形成一种非常有用的材料。To test their ideas the team mixed a solution of casein with glyceraldehyde and sodium montmorillon

59、ite and vigorously stirred the result to get rid of the bubbles before freezing it at 80C below zero. Once frozen, the material was placed in a freeze-dryer that removed all the water from it over the course of four days. It was then cured for 24 hours in an oven at 80C above zero.为了验证他们的想法，研究小组将一瓶酪

60、蛋白溶液与甘油醛及蒙脱土进行充分混合以去除气泡并在零下80度下进行冷冻。在冷冻后，将此材料在冷冻干燥机中放上4天以去除所有水分。随后，再将其在80度烤箱中存放24小时。The researchers report in Biomacromolecules that their new material matches the stiffness, strength and compressibility of expanded polystyrene, a common packaging material that is thebane of many a rubbish dump. How