200组基础英语词汇辨析

1、200组基础英语词汇辨析200组基础英语词汇辨析1.clothes,cloth,clothingclothes统指各种衣服，其谓语动词总是复数have/buy/washclothesclothing指服装的总称，childrens/womens/winterclothing指一件衣服用apieceof/anarticleofclothingcloth指布，为不可数名词apiece/rollofcloth,但用作具体名词时又复数twotablecloths2.incident,accident,eventincident指小事件,事变Xianincident;accident指不幸的事故Hewa

2、skilledintheaccident.;event指重大事件thetengreateventsoftheyear3.amount,numberamount后接不可数名词，alargeamountofmoney/timenumber后接可数名词agood/greatnumberofstudents4.family,house,homehome家，包括住处和家人，house房子，住宅，family家庭成员.Myfamilyisahappyone.5.sound,voice,noisesound自然界各种各样的声音，voice人的嗓音，noise噪音Ihatetheloudnoiseoutsid

3、e.6.photo,picture,drawingphoto用照相机拍摄的照片，picture可指相片，图片，电影片，drawing画的画,线条画Itookaphotoofhimwithacamera.Letsgoandseeagoodpicture.Heismakinghisdrawings.7.vocabulary,wordvocabulary词汇，一个人拥有的单词量，word具体的单词Hehasalargevocabulary.Ilearnt3000Englishwordslastyear.8.population,peoplepopulation人口，人数，people具体的人Chin

4、ahasalargepopulation.9.weather,climateweather一天内具体的天气状况，climate一14.exercise,exercises,practiceexercise运动，锻炼（不可数），exercises练习（可数），practice（反复做的）练习Practicemakesperfect15.class,lesson作课解时,两者可以替换.指课文用lesson.指班级或全体学生用class.Lesson6;Class516.speech,talk,lecturespeech指在公共场所所做的经过准备的较正式的演说，talk日常生活中的一般的谈话，讲话，

5、lecture学术性的演讲，讲课deliveraseriesoflecturesontopic17.officer,officialofficer部队的军官，official政府官员anarmyofficer18.work,job二者均指工作。work不可数，job可数agoodjob19.couple,paircouple主要指人或动物，pair多指由两部分组成的东西apairoftrousers20.country,nation,state,landcountry侧重指版图，疆域，nation指人民，国民，民族，state侧重指政府，政体，land国土，国家Thewholenationwa

6、ssadatthenews.21.cook,cookercook厨师，cooker厨具Heisagoodcook.22.damage,damagesdamage不可数名词,损害，损失;damages复数形式,赔偿金900damages23.police,policemanpolice警察的总称，后接复数谓语动词，policeman指某个具体的警察Tblem,questionproblem常和困难联系，前面的动词常为thinkabout,solve,raise，question常和疑问联系，多和ask,

7、answer连用25.man,amanaman人类，man一个男人Manwillconquernature.26.chick,chicken二者均可指小鸡，chicken还可以当鸡肉Thechickenisdelicious.27.telegram,telegraph当电报解时，telegram指具体的，telegraph指抽象的atelegram,bytelegraph28.trip,journey,travel,voyagetravel是最常用的，trip指短期的旅途，journey指稍长的旅途，voyage指海上航行athree-daytrip29.sport,gamesport多指户外

8、的游戏或娱乐活动，如打球，游泳，打猎，赛马等；game指决定胜负的游戏，通常有一套规则Hisfavoritesportisswimming.30.price,prizeprice价格，prize奖，奖品，奖金winthefirstprizeThepriceishigh/low.31.anumberof,thenumberofanumberof许多，谓语动词用复数。thenumberof的数目，谓语动词用单数。Thenumberofstudentsisincreasing.32.infrontof,inthefrontofinfrontof范围外的前面，inthefrontof范围内的前面Int

9、hefrontoftheroomsitsaboy.33.oftheday,ofadayoftheday每一天的，当时的，当代的，ofaday暂时的，不长久的afamousscientistoftheday34.threeofus,thethreeofusthreeofus我们（不止三个）中的三个，thethreeofus我们三个（就三个人）Thethreeofus-Tom,JackandIwenttothecinema.35.bybus,onthebusbybus表手段，方式，不用冠词，onthebus表范围Theywenttherebybus.36.foramoment,forthemome

10、ntforamoment片刻，一会儿，forthemoment暂时，一时Thinkingforamoment,heagreed.37.nextyear,thenextyearnextyear将来时间状语，thenextyear过去将来时间状语Hesaidhewouldgoabroadthenextyear.38.morethanayear,morethanoneyearmorethanayear一年多，morethanoneyear超过一年（两年或三年等）39.takeadvice,takethe(ones)advicetakeadvice征求意见，taketheadvice接受忠告Heref

11、usedtotaketheadviceandfailedagain.40.takeair,taketheairtakeair传播，走漏，taketheair到户外去，散步Wetaketheaireveryday.41.inaword,inwordsinaword总之，一句话，inwords口头上Inaword,youareright.42.inplaceof,intheplaceofinplaceof代替，intheplaceof在地方Anewbuildingisbuiltintheplaceoftheoldone.43.insecret,inthesecretinsecret秘密地，暗自地，

12、偷偷地，一般用作状语；inthesecret知道内情，知道秘密，一般用作表语Mymotherwasinthesecretfromthebeginning.44.agirl,onegirlagirl可泛指所有女孩,onegirl一个女孩Canonegirlcarrysuchabigbox?45.takeachair,takethechairtakeachair相当于sitdown坐下，takethechair开始开会46.gotosea,bysea,bytheseagotosea当海员，出航，bysea乘船，由海路，bythesea在海边gobysea47.thedoctorandteacher

13、,thedoctorandtheteacherthedoctorandteacher指一个人，既是医生又是老师，thedoctorandtheteacher两个人，一个医生和一个老师48.inoffice,intheofficeinoffice在职的，intheoffice在办公室里Heisinoffice,notoutofoffice.49.inbed,onthebedinbed卧在床上，onthebed在床上Thebookisonthebed.Heisillinbed.50.inchargeof,inthechargeofinchargeof管理，负责照料，inthechargeof由照料

14、Heisinchargeofthematter.Thematterisinthechargeofher.51.inclass,intheclassinclass在课上，intheclass在班级里Heisthebeststudentintheclass.52.onfire,onthefireonfire着火,onthefire在火上Putthefoodonthefire.Thehouseisonfire.53.outofquestion,outofthequestionoutofquestion毫无疑问的，outofthequestion不可能的54.asecond,thesecondasec

15、ond又一，再一，thesecond第二个Hewonthesecondprize.55.byday,bythedaybyday白天，bytheday按天计算Theworkersarepaidbytheday.56.thepeople,apeoplethepeople指人，apeople指民族TheChineseisapeace-lovingpeople.57.it,oneit同一物体，one同类不同一Ilostmypen.Ihavetobuyanewone.58.that,thisthat指代上文所提到的，this导出下文所要说的Iwasill.Thatswhy59.none,nothing,

16、noonenone强调有多少，nothing,noone强调有没有，nothing指物，noone指人-Howmany/Howmuch?-None.60.anyone,anyoneanyone指人，不能接of，anyone指人物均可，可接ofanyoneofyou61.who,whatwho指姓名或关系，what指职业或地位Whatisyourdad?Heisateacher.62.what,whichwhat的选择基础是无限制的，which在一定范围内进行选择Whichdoyouprefer,bananasorapples?63.other,anotherother后接名词复数，anothe

17、r后接名词单数otherstudents,anotherstudent64.notalittle,notabitnotalittle非常，notabit一点也不Imnotabittired.我一点儿也不累。65.many,much,alotofmany和可数名词连用，much和不可数名词连用，alotof可数，不可数均可，但不用于否定句Ihaventmanybooks.66.muchmorethan,manymorethanmuchmorethan后接形容词或不可数名词，manymorethan后接可数名词manymorepeople,muchmorewater,muchmorebeautif

18、ul67.no,notno=nota/anynofriend=nota/anyfriendnowater=notanywater68.nomorethan,notmorethannomorethan相当于only，仅仅，只有，notmorethan至多，不超过69.majority,mostmajority只能修饰可数名词，most可数不可数均可themajorityofpeople70.byoneself,foroneself,tooneself,ofoneselfbyoneself单独的，独自的，foroneself为自己，tooneself供自己用的，ofoneself自行的，自动的Th

19、edooropenedofitself.71.atall,afterallatall根本，全然,afterall到底，毕竟Afterallheisachild.72.tall,hightall常指人或动物，high常指物体Heistall.73.fast,quicklyfast侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快的特点，quickly侧重指某事完成或发生的快runfast,answerthequestionquickly74.high,highlyhigh具体的高，highly抽象的高，高度的thinkhighlyof75.healthy,healthfulhealthy健康的，健壮的，health

20、ful有益于健康的healthfulexercise76.sleeping,asleep,sleepysleeping正在睡觉，asleep睡着，熟睡，只能做表语，sleepy困的，有睡意的asleepingbabyThebabyisasleep.Imsleepy.77.gold,goldengold指真金制品，golden指金色的，但金鱼用goldfishagoldring78.most,mostlymost用于表感受的肯定句中，相当于very，当大部分，大多数解时是形容词或名词，mostly大部分,是副词mostpeople,thepeoplearemostly79.just,veryju

21、st表强调时是副词，作状语，very表强调时是形容词，用作定语theveryman,justtheman80.wide,broadwide侧重于一边到另一边的距离，broad侧重于幅面的宽广broadshoulders81.real,truereal真的，真实的，指的是事实上存在而不是想象的，true真的，真正的，指的是事实和实际情况相符合realgold,atruestory82.respectful,respectablerespectful尊敬，有礼貌，respectable可敬的，值得尊敬的berespectfultotheaged83.outwards,outward二者均可用作副词

22、，表示向外，外面，outward还可用作形容词anoutwardvoyage84.pleasant,pleased,pleasingpleasant常用作定语，pleased,pleasing常用作表语，pleased主语常为人，pleasing主语常为物apleasanttripThetripispleasing.85.understanding,understandableunderstanding明白事理的，能体谅的，understandable可理解的，能够懂的anunderstandinggirl,anunderstandablemistake86.close,closelyclos

23、e接近，靠近，closely紧紧地，紧密地closelyconnected,standclose87.ill,sickill做表语，sick定，表均可asickboy88.good,wellgood形容词，well副词，但指身体状况是形容词Heiswellagain.89.quiet,silent,stillquiet安静的，可以发出小的声音，silent不发出声音，但可以动，still完全不动，完全无声响Hestandtherestill.他站在那儿，一动不动，也不说话。90.hard,hardlyhard努力，hardly几乎不workhardIcanhardlybelieveit.91.

24、able,capableable与不定式todo连用，capable与of连用Heiscapableofdoing92.almost,nearly二者均为几乎,差不多，肯定句中能替换用，但在否定句中，要说almostnobody/not/none；notnearly93.late,latelylate迟，晚，lately近来，相当于recently。Ihaventseenhimlately.94.living,alive,live,livelyliving,alive,live均为活着的。living作定、表语均可；alive常作表语，或后置定语；live只能做前置定语；lively意为生动活

25、泼的allthelivingpeople=allthepeoplealive95.excited,excitingexcited（人）感到兴奋的，exciting令人兴奋的Imexcited.Thenewsisexciting.96.deep,deeplydeep具体的深，deeply抽象的深，深深地deeplymoved,digdeep97.aloud,loud，loudlyaloud出声地，loud大声地，loudly高声（吵闹）地。readaloud(朗读)，speaklouder（讲响些），talkingandlaughingloudly（高声谈笑）98.worth,worthy二者均

26、为“值得”，worth后接doing，worthy后接tobedone,ofbeingdoneItisworthvisiting.=Itsworthytobevisited.=Itsworthyofbeingvisited.、99.bad,badlybad形容词。badly副词，“不好，糟”，但与need,want,require连用为很，非常Themilkhasgonebad.Ineedthebookbadly.100.beforelong,longbeforebeforelong不久以后（副词性短语，可放句首或句未）；longbefore在的很久以前（后跟从句）；notlongbefore

27、在的不久前（后跟从句）101.quite,ratherquite完全地，相当于completely；rather相当，頗，可修饰比较级；quiteimpossible，rathertoodifficult，ratherprettier102.happy,gladhappy高兴，幸福，定、表均可；glad高兴，只能做表语ahappygirl，begladtoseeyou103.instead,insteadofinstead是副词，放在句首或句末，insteadof是介词短语，后需跟宾语Hedidntseeafilm.InsteadhewatchedTV.HewatchedTVinsteadof

28、seeingafilm.104.toomuch,muchtootoomuch后接不可数名词，muchtoo后接形容词、副词。wastetoomuchmoney，sthbemuchtooheavy105.beaboutto,begoingto,betodobeaboutto即将/刚要（做某事），后面不接时间状语；begoingto打算（做某事）；betodo按客观计划、安排、决定将（做某事）。Imtomeethim.(双方事先约好将做)106.raise,riseraise（及物动词）举/升起；提（问）；(饲/抚)养；种植。rise（不及物动词）升起，上升107.bring,take,carry

29、,fetchBring带来，take拿走，carry提，拎、背、扛，fetch去取回fetch么aboxofchalk108.spend,take,pay,costspend（人）花钱/时间spendonsth./indoingsth;take（物）花人时间Ittakessbanhourtodosth；pay(人)花钱，pay5yuanforsth.;cost(物)花人钱Thebookcostme50yuan.109.join,joinin,takepartinjoin加入某个组织；join(sb)insth参加(某人的)小型的活动,joinsb.indancing；takepartin/pa

30、rticipatein参加大型的活动Hejoinedthearmyfiveyearsago.Shetakesanactivepartinsports.110.learn,studylearn学习技能，study学习/研究，侧重学习研究过程，learnalanguage，studytheproblem111.want,hope,wishwant打算，想要，wanttodo,wantsb.todo；hope希望（通常可实现），hopetodo/hopethat；wish希望（通常不能实现）wish(sb.)todo,wishsb/sth.+n.Iwishyousuccess.Iwishhewoul

31、dwin.(后跟从句要用虚拟语气)112.discover,invent,findoutdiscover发现（本来存在但不为人所知的东西），invent发明（本来不存在的东西），findout发现，查明Atlasthefoundoutthetruth.113.answer,replyanswer及物动词，answerthephone；reply（to）不及物动词，replytotheletter/arequest114.leave,leaveforleave离开，leavefor前往HeleftBeijingforShanghai.115.rob,stealrob抢劫robsb.ofsth.，

32、steal偷stealsth.fromsb.116.shoot,shootatshoot射死（或使重伤），shootat对瞄准射击Heshotatthebirdbutmissed.117.drop,falldrop（不）及物动词，fall不及物动词Pricesfell/dropped.Hedroppedhisvoice.118.search,searchforsearch后接地点，searchfor后接东西Hesearchedhispocketformoney.119.usedto,beusedtousedtodosth过去常常（做某事）；beusedto（doing）sth习惯于（(做)某事

33、），120.win,lose,beatwin后接sth.，反义词为lose,beat后接sb.winthegame;beat/defeat(winover)therivals121.liveon,livebyliveon以为主食，靠谋生;liveby靠谋生liveonfish/pen;livebyfishing122.beat,hit,strikebeat连续性地击打或拍/搏动；hit击中；strike打一下或若干下beatthewings123.meet,meetwithmeet遇到，meetwith体验到，遭遇到meetwithanaccident124.lose,misslose失去（具

34、体的物体），错过sth.islost,losethechance；miss想念，错过sth.ismissing,missthechance（misssb错过/想念某人）125.betiredof,betiredwith/frombetiredof对厌倦，betiredwith/from因而感到累了betiredwith/fromrunning800meters126.careabout,careforcareabout关心，计较，在乎，一般用于否定句中；carefor关心，照料，喜欢，愿意Hedoesntcareabouthisclothes.Idontcareformovies.127.ca

35、tchacold,haveacoldcatchacold不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，而haveacold可以（catchcold感冒）Shehashadacoldforaweek.128.changefor,changeintochangefor调换成，changeinto转变成Changetheshirtforabiggerone.Waterchangesintoiceincoldweather.129.continue,last二者均意为持续，continue主动，被动均可，last只能用于主动。Thewarcontinued/lasted（for）fiveyears.Thestoryi

36、stobecontinued.130.feed,raisefeed喂/饲养，养活feedthebabyonmilk；raise饲养，养育raisethefamily/ahorse/roses131.goforadoctor,gotoadoctorgoforadoctor去请医生，gotoadoctor去看病132.notice,observe,catchsightofnotice注意到，observe观察，仔细地看，catchsightof突然看到noticethechangeinsbsattitude；observethestars；catchsightofaUFO133.insiston,

37、sticktoinsiston坚持要求（做某事），后常接doing,；stickto坚持（计划/决定/理念）insistondiscussingthematterfirst；sticktotheplan134.look,seem,appearlook指从外表看，seem指内心的判断，appear指给人以表面的印象looklikeonesfather，seemtoberight，appearwise135.gather,collectgather（把分散的东西）集中到一起，collect（精心、有选择地）进行收集collectstampsgathercrops；collectstamps136.

38、meantodo,meandoingImeantodo打算/意欲（做某事）；meandoing意谓（做某事）didntmeantohurtyou.BythisImeangivingthestudentsmorepractice.137.diefrom,dieofdiefrom死于（枪）伤，虚弱，过度劳累，饮食过度等外在原因；dieof死于疾病，饥饿，寒冷，年老，忧愁，失恋等精神因素的内在原因dieofhungerandcold；diefromoverworking138.payfor,payback,payoffpayfor为付钱，payback还钱，但不一定还清，payoff还清（欠款）。p

39、ayforthebook；Paybackthemoney；payoffthedebt139.divide,separatedivide把一个整体（进均）分成若干部分，separate把某部分从整体中分割出来dividethecakeamongus；separatetheislandfromthecountry140.arrive,get,reacharrive不及物动词，后接in(大地点)，at(小地点)，get不及物动词后接to，reach及物动词arriveinBeijing,gettoBeijing,reachBeijing141.grow,plantgrow（播）种植（使某种植物在某地

40、生长着或使其发展下去），plant栽种（移栽已经长成秧苗的植物）growrice/wheat；planttrees142.manage,trymanagetodo设法做成（某事），trytodo试图/尽力去做（某事但不一定成功）Hetriedtopasstheexam,buthefailed.Imanagedtoswimacrosstheriverthen.143.choose,selectchoose（凭个人的判断力理智进行）选择，select出于爱好或有目的地仔细选择choosethebestanswer；selectawhitedresstomatchthewhiteshoes144.b

41、uild,putup,setup,foundbuild一般用语，建造/成，putup架起/临时搭建，setup创办/建起（内部的设施基本齐全），found缔造/创建国家或组织buildahouse，putupatent,setupaschool，foundauniversity145.befamiliarto,befamiliarwithbefamiliarto（某物对某人来说是）熟悉的，befamiliarwith（某人）熟悉（某物）Thebookisfamiliartome.Imfamiliarwiththisplace146.agreewith,agreeto,agreeonagreew

42、ith同意（某人（及其言论/观点），agreeto同意（某事物），agreeon（某些人）在上达成一致意见。agreewithyou,agreetotheplan，（they）agreeontheplan147.throwto,throwatthrowto扔向,throwat朝扔去以击中他/它Hethrewaballtome.Ithrewastoneathim.148.receive,acceptreceive收到某物（但并非接受），accept欣然接受Ireceivedagift,butIdidntacceptit.149.wear,bedressedin,puton,dresswear和b

43、edressedin穿着，表状态,Theyarewearing/dressedintheuniform.puton穿上，表动作，后跟衣服；dress给穿衣，后跟人Itscoldoutside.Putonyourwarmclothes.Themotherisdressingherbaby.150.listento,hearListento听，强调动作，hear听见，强调结果Ilistened,butIheardnothing.151.lookat,see,watchlookat看，强调动作，see看见，强调结果，watch注视，观看；监护/视，强调所看物体的变化、移动和发展152.lie,lay

44、lie躺，位于(lay,lain),说谎(lied,lied)，lay平放(laid,laid)laythebookonthetable153.workas,actasworkas干工作，actas充当某种职务或身份，或扮演某种角色Heworksasateacher.Heactsasaninterpreter.154.move,removemove移动，但不一定移走，remove（把某物）从一处搬移到另一处movetoanewhouse；removethetabletothekitchen155.hurt,injure,woundhurt感情上受伤，injure日常生活或事故中受伤，wound

45、打斗或战争中受伤156.turn,get,growturn表突变或不可逆转的变坏，或颜色的转变，get强调变的结果，grow强调过程，逐渐的变化turnsour/bad/yellow,gettired/colder,growbigger/impatient157.close,shut,turnoffclose和shut关闭/上，可通用于可开合的物体，表示闭嘴，要用shutup；turnoff用于指有开关的物体，如电灯、电视、煤气、水龙头等Close/Shutthedoor.Turnoffthegas.s158.setout,setoff，setforth，setaboutsetout,seto

46、ff，setforth都可以解释“出发”，后跟for+目的地，或ononejourney；setout和setabout都可以解释为“开始，着手”，但setouttodo，setaboutdoing159.begin,startbegin侧重时间的开始，反义词为end，start侧重由静到动的转折和日常动作的开始，反义词为stop。SchoolbeginsonSept.1.Hestartshismorningexercisesat7：30a.m.160.happen,takeplacehappen（偶然）发生，takeplace（计划中事情的）发生Greatchangeshavetakenpl

47、aceinmyhometown.161.at,in(表地点)at小地点，in大的区域arriveatasmallvillage,arriveinShanghai、162.atwork,inworkatwork在上班（不在家），inwork在职，有工作干Bothmyparentsareatwork.Theyarenotathome.163.increasefromto,increasebyincreasefromto从增长到，increaseby增长了Thepriceoftheshirtincreasedfrom70to150yuan（increasedby80yuan）.164.atease,

48、witheaseatease舒适地，安逸地；withease容易地，无困难地feelatease；doitwithease165.dayafterday,daybydaydayafterday日复一日（无变化）；daybyday一天天地（有变化）Hedoesthesamethingdayafterday.Treesgrowtallerdaybyday.166.like,aslike像，介词，指相似关系，但并不等同；as如同，连词，指相似关系，但并不等于两者为一体；as作为，介词，指同一体。Heis/lookslikehisfather.IcookedamealasMomusuallydoes.

49、Donttreatmeasachild.(Infact,Imachild.)167.after,in(后跟时间)after接时间点，in接时间段after7:00,infiveminutes；after可表示过去某事件的一段时间以后，in则表示将来的一段时间以后。3yearsafterhecamebacktoChina；Hellbebackin3years.168.between,amongbetween两者之间，三者或以上的两两之间,among三者或以上的之间SwitzerlandliesbetweenFrance,Germany,AustraliaandItaly.Ifoundthekey

50、samongthebooks.169.after,behind(表位置)after强调次序的先后，behind强调物体静态位置的前后Afteryou，Sir.Therearemanytreesbehindthehouse.170.since,for(完成时间状语)since后跟时间点，for后跟一段时间Hehasstayedhereforthreeyears/since2006.171.onthecorner,inthecorner,atthecorneronthecorner物体表面的角上，inthecorner物体内部的角落里，atthecorner物体外部的角落上（拐角处）(buildi

51、ng)standonthecornerofthestreet，sitinthecorneroftheroom,waitforsb.atthecornerofthestreet,turnroundthecorner172.warnsb.of,warnsb.againstwarnsb.of提醒某人注意某事，warnsb.against提醒某人不要做某事warnhimagainstswimminginthatpartoftheriver173.atpeace,inpeaceatpeace平静地，inpeace和平地dieatpeace，liveinpeacewithonesneighbor174.o

52、nearth,ontheearth,intheearthonearth在世上，在人间；到底，究竟，ontheearth在地上，在地球上，intheearth在地下，在泥土里Whatonearth/intheworlddoyouwant?thedeadbodylayintheearth175.insurprise,toonessurprise,bysurpriseinsurprise惊奇地，toonessurprise使某人吃惊的是，bysurprise使惊慌Theair,ontheair,intheskyi

53、ntheair正在酝酿中，ontheair在播送/广播中，inthesky在天空中Hhefield,onthefieldinthefield在野外，onthefield在战场上Hhemarket,onthemarketinthemarket在市场上，表示场所或地点，onthemarket供出售Hesellsfishinthemarket.Fhesun,underthesunint

54、hesun在阳光下，underthesun地球上，全世界swiminthesun，peopleunderthesun180.inavoice,withonevoiceinavoice出声地，withonevoice异口同声地Theyrefusedwithonevoice.181.through,acrossthrough穿越空间，across在表面上穿过throughtheforest,acrossthedesert182.ontheway,inthewayontheway在前往的途中，intheway挡道Thechairisintheway.183.above,over,onabove在上方

55、，较高，over在正上方，较低或可接触，on在上面，接触。flyoverthehill184.till/until,notuntiltill/until到为止，用于肯定句，与持续性动词连用；notuntil直到才，用于否定句，跟瞬间动词连用。Iwaiteduntil3:00.Hedidntcomeuntil3:00p.m.185.besides,except,exceptfor,exceptthat/whether/how/why/whobesides除了还（包括在内），与also，other连用；except除了（不包括在内），用於同类事物；Besidesadictionary,Ialsob

56、oughttwonovels.WeallpassedthetestexceptTom=ExceptforTom,weallpassedthetest.exceptfor整体但有某例外，用于大局肯定，细节修正。Thecompositionisreallygoodexceptforafewspellingmistakes.exceptthat/whether/how/why/who后接从句IknewnothingaboutherexceptthatshecamefromAmerica.Hekneweverythingabouttheprojectexceptwhentheywouldstartit.186.whether,if解释是否时，只有在宾语从句中（而且不含ornot时）二者可互换使用，在主、表、介宾和同