电池和电力存储方面的创新：基于专利数据的全球分析

1、Contents HYPERLINK l _bookmark1 F HYPERLINK l _bookmark0 oreword HYPERLINK l _bookmark1 2 HYPERLINK l _bookmark1 E HYPERLINK l _bookmark0 xecutive summary HYPERLINK l _bookmark1 4 HYPERLINK l _bookmark2 L HYPERLINK l _bookmark3 ist of tables and figures HYPERLINK l _bookmark2 18 HYPERLINK l _bookmar

2、k4 List of abbreviations 20 HYPERLINK l _bookmark0 Introduction HYPERLINK l _bookmark5 21 HYPERLINK l _bookmark8 Aim of the study HYPERLINK l _bookmark0 HYPERLINK l _bookmark8 23 HYPERLINK l _bookmark10 Outline of the study HYPERLINK l _bookmark0 HYPERLINK l _bookmark10 24 HYPERLINK l _bookmark11 Ba

3、tteries and electricity storage in the energy transition HYPERLINK l _bookmark6 HYPERLINK l _bookmark11 25 HYPERLINK l _bookmark13 Energy storage in the IEAs Sustainable Development Scenario HYPERLINK l _bookmark6 HYPERLINK l _bookmark13 26 HYPERLINK l _bookmark18 Batteries and electricity storage f

4、or electromobility HYPERLINK l _bookmark7 HYPERLINK l _bookmark18 29 HYPERLINK l _bookmark21 Batteries and electricity storage in stationary applications HYPERLINK l _bookmark7 HYPERLINK l _bookmark21 31 HYPERLINK l _bookmark24 Other roles of batteries and storage in the energy transition HYPERLINK

5、l _bookmark9 HYPERLINK l _bookmark24 34 HYPERLINK l _bookmark25 Methodology 35 HYPERLINK l _bookmark28 Main patenting trends in electricity storage HYPERLINK l _bookmark12 HYPERLINK l _bookmark28 39 HYPERLINK l _bookmark31 Rapid growth in electricity storage patenting activity over the past decade H

6、YPERLINK l _bookmark14 HYPERLINK l _bookmark31 41 HYPERLINK l _bookmark35 The rise of innovation in batteries HYPERLINK l _bookmark16 HYPERLINK l _bookmark35 44 HYPERLINK l _bookmark41 Battery technology applicants HYPERLINK l _bookmark26 HYPERLINK l _bookmark41 51 HYPERLINK l _bookmark43 Top applic

7、ants HYPERLINK l _bookmark26 HYPERLINK l _bookmark43 52 HYPERLINK l _bookmark47 Applicant profiles 55 HYPERLINK l _bookmark50 Geographic origins of innovation in battery technology HYPERLINK l _bookmark29 HYPERLINK l _bookmark50 58 HYPERLINK l _bookmark52 Global distribution of battery inventions HY

8、PERLINK l _bookmark29 HYPERLINK l _bookmark52 59 HYPERLINK l _bookmark56 Country profiles HYPERLINK l _bookmark32 HYPERLINK l _bookmark56 6216 HYPERLINK l _bookmark60 Recent developments in lithium-ion chemistries HYPERLINK l _bookmark42 HYPERLINK l _bookmark60 66 HYPERLINK l _bookmark62 Technology

9、trends in lithium-ion chemistries HYPERLINK l _bookmark42 HYPERLINK l _bookmark62 68 HYPERLINK l _bookmark68 Profiles of recent applicants in lithium-ion chemistries HYPERLINK l _bookmark46 HYPERLINK l _bookmark68 72 HYPERLINK l _bookmark70 Geographic origins of innovation in lithium-ion chemistries

10、 HYPERLINK l _bookmark46 HYPERLINK l _bookmark70 74 HYPERLINK l _bookmark71 Other emerging technologies HYPERLINK l _bookmark51 HYPERLINK l _bookmark71 76 HYPERLINK l _bookmark72 Redox flow batteries HYPERLINK l _bookmark51 HYPERLINK l _bookmark72 77 HYPERLINK l _bookmark75 Supercapacitors HYPERLINK

11、 l _bookmark55 HYPERLINK l _bookmark75 80 HYPERLINK l _bookmark80 Annex A. Applicant name and entity type HYPERLINK l _bookmark79 HYPERLINK l _bookmark80 84 HYPERLINK l _bookmark81 Annex B. Identification of patent applications related to electricity storage HYPERLINK l _bookmark79 HYPERLINK l _book

12、mark81 86 HYPERLINK l _bookmark83 References 9617List of tables and figuresTables HYPERLINK l _bookmark45 Table 5.1 HYPERLINK l _bookmark45 Technology profiles of the top 15 applicants in battery technology, 2010-2018 HYPERLINK l _bookmark45 54 HYPERLINK l _bookmark57 Ta HYPERLINK l _bookmark66 ble

13、HYPERLINK l _bookmark57 6.1 HYPERLINK l _bookmark57 Profiles of leading innovation centres in battery technology, 2000-2018 HYPERLINK l _bookmark57 63 HYPERLINK l _bookmark62 Table 7.1 HYPERLINK l _bookmark62 Overview of lithium-ion electrode materials HYPERLINK l _bookmark62 68 HYPERLINK l _bookmar

14、k68 Table 7.2 HYPERLINK l _bookmark68 Technology profiles of top applicants in lithium-ion batteries, 2014-2018 HYPERLINK l _bookmark68 72 HYPERLINK l _bookmark70 Table 7.3 HYPERLINK l _bookmark70 Geographic distribution of IPFs in lithium-ion batteries, 2014-2018 HYPERLINK l _bookmark70 74 HYPERLIN

15、K l _bookmark73 Table 8.1 HYPERLINK l _bookmark73 Applicant profiles in redox flow batteries, 2000-2018 HYPERLINK l _bookmark73 78 HYPERLINK l _bookmark74 Table 8.2 HYPERLINK l _bookmark74 Geographic distribution of IPFs in redox flow batteries, 2000-2018 HYPERLINK l _bookmark74 79 HYPERLINK l _book

16、mark76 Table 8.3 HYPERLINK l _bookmark76 Applicant profiles in supercapacitors, 2000-2018 HYPERLINK l _bookmark76 81 HYPERLINK l _bookmark77 Table 8.4 HYPERLINK l _bookmark77 Profiles of the top five applicants in supercapacitors, 2000-2018 HYPERLINK l _bookmark77 82 HYPERLINK l _bookmark78 Table 8.

17、5 HYPERLINK l _bookmark78 Geographic distribution of IPFs in supercapacitors, 2000-2018 HYPERLINK l _bookmark78 83 HYPERLINK l _bookmark82 Table B.1 HYPERLINK l _bookmark82 Concordance table of electricity storage technologies and HYPERLINK l _bookmark82 Cooperative Patent Classification ranges HYPE

18、RLINK l _bookmark82 88Figures HYPERLINK l _bookmark1 Figure E1 HYPERLINK l _bookmark1 Trends in electricity storage innovation, 2000-2018 HYPERLINK l _bookmark1 5 HYPERLINK l _bookmark1 Figure E2 HYPERLINK l _bookmark1 Number of international patent families related to battery cells, 2000-2018 HYPER

19、LINK l _bookmark1 6 HYPERLINK l _bookmark1 Figure E3 HYPERLINK l _bookmark1 Number of international patent families related to applications for battery HYPERLINK l _bookmark1 packs, 2000-2018 HYPERLINK l _bookmark1 7 HYPERLINK l _bookmark1 Figure E4 HYPERLINK l _bookmark1 Number of international pat

20、ent families by top ten battery technology HYPERLINK l _bookmark1 applicants, 2000-2018 HYPERLINK l _bookmark1 9 HYPERLINK l _bookmark1 Fi HYPERLINK l _bookmark19 gure HYPERLINK l _bookmark1 E5 HYPERLINK l _bookmark1 Geographic origins of international patent families in battery technology, HYPERLIN

21、K l _bookmark1 2000-2018 HYPERLINK l _bookmark1 10 HYPERLINK l _bookmark1 Figure E6 HYPERLINK l _bookmark1 Revealed technological advantage of global innovation centres, related to HYPERLINK l _bookmark1 battery technology, 2014-2018 HYPERLINK l _bookmark1 11 HYPERLINK l _bookmark1 Figure E7 HYPERLI

22、NK l _bookmark1 Number of international patent families by type of lithium-ion cathode HYPERLINK l _bookmark1 materials, 2000-2018 HYPERLINK l _bookmark1 12 HYPERLINK l _bookmark1 Figure E8 HYPERLINK l _bookmark1 International patent families related to solid-state lithium-ion technology, HYPERLINK

23、l _bookmark1 2000-2018 HYPERLINK l _bookmark1 13 HYPERLINK l _bookmark1 Figure E9 HYPERLINK l _bookmark1 Geographic origins of international patent families in Li-ion technology, HYPERLINK l _bookmark1 2014-2018 HYPERLINK l _bookmark1 14 HYPERLINK l _bookmark1 Figure E10 HYPERLINK l _bookmark1 Appli

24、cant profiles in emerging lithium-ion technology, 2014-2018 HYPERLINK l _bookmark1 15 HYPERLINK l _bookmark15 Figure 2.1 HYPERLINK l _bookmark15 CO2 emission mitigation technologies and their contribution to achieving HYPERLINK l _bookmark15 the outcomes of the Sustainable Development Scenario HYPER

25、LINK l _bookmark15 27 HYPERLINK l _bookmark17 Figure 2.2 HYPERLINK l _bookmark17 Current and future demand for batteries across key applications, HYPERLINK l _bookmark17 Sustainable Development Scenario HYPERLINK l _bookmark17 28 HYPERLINK l _bookmark21 Figure 2.3 HYPERLINK l _bookmark21 Installed c

26、apacity from energy storage technologies, 2019 HYPERLINK l _bookmark21 31 HYPERLINK l _bookmark22 Figure 2.4 HYPERLINK l _bookmark22 Energy storage technology mix excluding pumped hydropower storage, HYPERLINK l _bookmark22 2012-2018 HYPERLINK l _bookmark22 32 HYPERLINK l _bookmark23 Fi HYPERLINK l

27、_bookmark19 gure HYPERLINK l _bookmark23 2.5 HYPERLINK l _bookmark23 Applications of energy storage technologies, 2012-2019 HYPERLINK l _bookmark23 33 HYPERLINK l _bookmark27 Figure 3.1 HYPERLINK l _bookmark27 Overview of the cartography HYPERLINK l _bookmark27 37 HYPERLINK l _bookmark30 Figure 4.1

28、HYPERLINK l _bookmark30 Number of IPFs related to electricity storage, 2000-2018 HYPERLINK l _bookmark30 40 HYPERLINK l _bookmark31 Figure 4.2 HYPERLINK l _bookmark31 Innovation trends in electricity storage, 2000-2018 (base 100% in 2000) HYPERLINK l _bookmark31 41 HYPERLINK l _bookmark33 Figure 4.3

29、 HYPERLINK l _bookmark33 Number of IPFs related to electricity storage by technology, 2000-2018 HYPERLINK l _bookmark33 42 HYPERLINK l _bookmark34 Figure 4.4 HYPERLINK l _bookmark34 Innovation trends in electricity storage by technology, 2000-2018 HYPERLINK l _bookmark34 (base 100% in 2000) HYPERLIN

30、K l _bookmark34 43 HYPERLINK l _bookmark35 Figure 4.5 HYPERLINK l _bookmark35 Number of IPFs related to battery technologies, 2000-2018 HYPERLINK l _bookmark35 44 HYPERLINK l _bookmark36 Figure 4.6 HYPERLINK l _bookmark36 Number of IPFs related to battery cells, 2000-2018 HYPERLINK l _bookmark36 46

31、HYPERLINK l _bookmark37 Figure 4.7 HYPERLINK l _bookmark37 Number of IPFs related to applications for battery packs, 2000-2018 HYPERLINK l _bookmark37 47 HYPERLINK l _bookmark38 Figure 4.8 HYPERLINK l _bookmark38 Overlap between application areas for battery packs, 2000-2018 HYPERLINK l _bookmark38

32、48 HYPERLINK l _bookmark39 Figure 4.9 HYPERLINK l _bookmark39 Lithium-ion battery and cathode component distribution by weight, HYPERLINK l _bookmark39 example of an NMC 622 cathode material HYPERLINK l _bookmark39 49 HYPERLINK l _bookmark40 Figure 4.10 HYPERLINK l _bookmark40 IPFs in battery recycl

33、ing technologies, 2000-2018 HYPERLINK l _bookmark40 50 HYPERLINK l _bookmark43 Figure 5.1 HYPERLINK l _bookmark43 Top 25 applicants in battery technology, 2000-2018 HYPERLINK l _bookmark43 52 HYPERLINK l _bookmark44 Figure 5.2 HYPERLINK l _bookmark44 Trends in battery technologies by top ten applica

34、nts, 2000-2018 HYPERLINK l _bookmark44 53 HYPERLINK l _bookmark47 Figure 5.3 HYPERLINK l _bookmark47 Trends in applicant concentration in battery technology HYPERLINK l _bookmark47 55 HYPERLINK l _bookmark48 Figure 5.4 HYPERLINK l _bookmark48 Applicant profiles in battery technologies, 2000-2018 HYP

35、ERLINK l _bookmark48 56 HYPERLINK l _bookmark49 Figure 5.5 HYPERLINK l _bookmark49 Age distribution of company applicants in battery technology, 2000-2018 HYPERLINK l _bookmark49 57 HYPERLINK l _bookmark52 Figure 6.1 HYPERLINK l _bookmark52 Geographic origins of IPFs in electricity storage technolog

36、ies, 2000-2018 HYPERLINK l _bookmark52 59 HYPERLINK l _bookmark53 Figure 6.2 HYPERLINK l _bookmark53 Trends in IPFs in battery technology by geographic origin, 2000-2018 HYPERLINK l _bookmark53 60 HYPERLINK l _bookmark54 Figure 6.3 HYPERLINK l _bookmark54 Geographic origins of European IPFs in batte

37、ry technology, 2000-2018 HYPERLINK l _bookmark54 61 HYPERLINK l _bookmark56 Figure 6.4 HYPERLINK l _bookmark56 Revealed technological advantage in battery technology, 2014-2018 HYPERLINK l _bookmark56 62 HYPERLINK l _bookmark58 Figure 6.5 HYPERLINK l _bookmark58 Share of IPFs involving foreign co-in

38、ventors HYPERLINK l _bookmark58 64 HYPERLINK l _bookmark59 Figure 6.6 HYPERLINK l _bookmark59 Distribution of applicant types by applicant country, 2000-2018 HYPERLINK l _bookmark59 65 HYPERLINK l _bookmark61 Figure 7.1 HYPERLINK l _bookmark61 Main components of rechargeable batteries HYPERLINK l _b

39、ookmark61 67 HYPERLINK l _bookmark63 Figure 7.2 HYPERLINK l _bookmark63 Number of IPFs in lithium-ion cathode materials, 2000-2018 HYPERLINK l _bookmark63 69 HYPERLINK l _bookmark64 Figure 7.3 HYPERLINK l _bookmark64 Number of IPFs in lithium-ion anode materials, 2000-2018 HYPERLINK l _bookmark64 70

40、 HYPERLINK l _bookmark65 Figure 7.4 HYPERLINK l _bookmark65 IPFs related to solid-state lithium-ion technology, 2000-2018 HYPERLINK l _bookmark65 71 HYPERLINK l _bookmark69 Figure 7.5 HYPERLINK l _bookmark69 Applicant categories in lithium-ion batteries, 2014-2018 HYPERLINK l _bookmark69 73 HYPERLIN

41、K l _bookmark72 Figure 8.1 HYPERLINK l _bookmark72 Number of IPFs in redox flow batteries, 2000-2018 HYPERLINK l _bookmark72 77 HYPERLINK l _bookmark74 Figure 8.2 HYPERLINK l _bookmark74 Top five applicants in redox flow batteries, 2000-2018 HYPERLINK l _bookmark74 79 HYPERLINK l _bookmark75 Figure

42、8.3 HYPERLINK l _bookmark75 Number of IPFs in supercapacitors, 2000-2018 HYPERLINK l _bookmark75 80 HYPERLINK l _bookmark1 Back to contents 19List of abbreviationsBMSbattery management system(s)CAEScompressed-air energy storageCCUScarbon capture, utilisation and storageCEAFrench Alternative Energies

43、 and Atomic Energy CommissionCPCCooperative Patent ClassificationEPOEuropean Patent ConventionEUEuropean UnionGHGgreenhouse gasGUOglobal ultimate ownerIEAInternational Energy AgencyIPFinternational patent familyLCOlithium cobalt oxideLFPlithium iron phosphateLi-ionlithium-ionLMOlithium manganese oxi

44、de spinelLTOlithium titanate oxideNCAlithium nickel cobalt aluminium oxide NMClithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide PSHpumped storage hydropowerR&Dresearch and developmentRTArevealed technological advantage SDGSustainable Development Goal SDSSustainable Development ScenarioCountry codesATAustriaCHSw

45、itzerlandCNPeoples Republic of ChinaDEGermanyFRFranceGBUnited KingdomITItalyJPJapanKRRepublic of KoreaNLNetherlandsSESwedenUSUnited StatesTWChinese Taipei1. IntroductionIntroductionModern societies depend on reliable supplies of electricity, readily available at the location and time it is needed,fo

46、r everything from heating, lighting, cooking and entertainment to industrial and medical equipment and, increasingly, transport. Yet electricity is unlike other fuels that we use every day, because almost all the electricity needed is generated just moments beforehand. This is because it is expensiv

47、e and difficult to store in large quantities over the past century, storage has largely been limited to pumping water to uphill reservoirs to create a reserve supply of power for use during shortages.As a crucial energy carrier for a low-carbon energy system, electricity has a number of key advantag

48、es: it can be readily generated from renewable sources, such as solar and wind, it does not produce any emissions at the point of use, and it is extremely versatile in its applications. In theory, it can be used for any energy service, and improvements to devices like heat pumps are making it even m

49、ore competitive.However, it also has some major drawbacks, which are currently being addressed by technology innovators. First, to make use of solar and wind power, which are key renewable energy sources for the future, the sun needs to be shining and the wind needs to be blowing, and thetimes at wh

50、ich this happens may not be well matched with demand. Second, existing ways of storing electricity to decouple the time of generation from the time of use are not appropriate or cost-effective for all situations. Batteries provide a flexible solution that allows electricity to be used without being

51、connected to the power grid, but they remain a generally heavy and costly option for storing energy on board vehicles, especially trucks and aircraft.Aim of the studyBetter batteries and other energy storage technologies can open up opportunities to replace unabated fossil fuels in a variety of end-

52、use applications and integrate more renewable energy into the energy system (International Energy Agency (IEA), 2019a; IEA, 2020a). Low-cost, reliable, responsive electricity storage with a high power outputcan also have a positive impact on power grid management costs and reduce the need for synchr

53、onous generators that regulate electricity frequency and are usually powered by fossil fuels.These trends and needs help to explain the rapid and sustained increase in innovation in batteries documented by this report. Aimed at decision-makers in both the private and the public sector, this report i

54、s a unique source of intelligence on the innovation trends behind batteries, drawing on the latest information available in patent documents and the combined expertise of IEA analysts and European Patent Office (EPO) examiners.Patent information provides robust statistical evidence of technical prog

55、ress, as companies and inventors make use of the temporary exclusivity conferred by patent rights to market their innovations and, in doing so, recoup their research and development (R&D) investments. The datapresented offer insights into which countries and companies are leading the way in the deve

56、lopment of electricity storage technologies and are therefore likely to be well placed to deliver much-needed improvements in this area in the near future. In addition, the data show how the types of electricity storage application attracting the most interest from companies and inventors have chang

57、ed, as well as which applications and technologies are gathering momentumand could be poised to play breakthrough roles in the future.Whats more, trends in electricity storage patenting are particularly relevant given the current circumstances. As the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic is felt across t

58、he world, with many countries facing an uncertain economic future over the next few years, governments are looking to boost scalable, clean and technology-intensive sectors (IEA 2020b). Electricity storage, and battery technology in particular, is one such technological area (IEA, 2020c). Indeed, su

59、pport for electricity storage was high in the United States following the financial crisis, with the government allocating economic stimulus funds to the area in 2009-2012. Patent data can help to inform governments about their comparative advantage at different stages of a technologys value chain a

60、nd shed light on innovative companies and institutions that may be in a position to contribute to economic recovery and long-term sustainable growth.23 HYPERLINK l _bookmark1 Back to contentsOutline of the studyChapter 2 outlines the role played by batteries and other electricity storage technologie