最新历年英语四级真题及答案汇总(年-年)整理版

1、2010年12月大学英语四级考试真题PartIWriting（30minutes）Directions：Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledHowShouldParentsHelpChildrentoBeIndependent?Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.1.目前不少父母为孩子包办一切2.为了让孩子独立,父母应该HowShouldParentsHelpChildrentoBeIndependent?PartIIReadin

2、gComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）（15minutes）Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarked,B,CandD.Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.AGrassroot

3、sRemedyMostofusspendourlivesseekingthenaturalworld.Tothisend,wewalkthedog,playgolf,gofishing,sitinthegarden,drinkoutsideratherthaninsidethepub,haveapicnic,liveinthesuburbs,gototheseaside,buyaweekendplaceinthecountry.ThemostpopularleisureactivityinBritainisgoingforawalk.Andwhenjoggers（慢跑者）jog,theydon

4、trunthestreets.Everyoneoftheminstinctivelyheadstotheparkortheriver.Itismyprofoundbeliefthatnotonlydoweallneednature,butweallseeknature,whetherweknowwearedoingsoornot.Butdespitethis,ourchildrenaregrowingupnature-deprived（丧失）.IspentmyboyhoodclimbingtreesonStreathamCommon,SouthLondon.Thesedays,children

5、arerobbedoftheseancientfreedoms,duetoproblemslikecrime,traffic,thelossoftheopenspacesandoddnewperceptionsaboutwhatisbestforchildren,thatistosay,thingsthatcanbebought,ratherthanthingsthatcanbefound.Thetruthistobefoundelsewhere.AstudyintheUS:familieshadmovedtobetterhousingandthechildrenwereassessedfor

6、ADHDattentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder（多动症）.Thosewhoseaccommodationhadmorenaturalviewsshowedanimprovementof19%;thosewhohadthesameimprovementinmaterialsurroundingsbutnoniceviewimprovedjust4%.AstudyinSwedenindicatedthatkindergartenchildrenwhocouldplayinanaturalenvironmenthadlessillnessandgreaterphy

7、sicalabilitythanchildrenusedonlytoanormalplayground.AUSstudysuggestedthatwhenaschoolgavechildrenaccesstoanaturalenvironment,academiclevelswereraisedacrosstheentireschool.Anotherstudyfoundthatchildrenplaydifferentlyinanaturalenvironment.Inplaygrounds,childrencreateahierarchy（等级）basedonphysicalabiliti

8、es,withthetoughonestakingthelead.Butwhenagrassyareawasplantedwithbushes,thechildrengotmuchmoreintofantasyplay,andthesocialhierarchywasnowbasedonimaginationandcreativity.Mostbullying（恃强凌弱）isfoundinschoolswherethereisatarmac（柏油碎石）playground;theleastbullyingisinanaturalareathatthechildrenareencouragedt

9、oexplore.ThisremindsmeunpleasantlyofSunnyhillSchoolinStreatham,withitsharshtarmac,whereIusedtohangaboutincornersfantasisingaboutwildlife.Butchildrenarefrequentlydiscouragedfrominvolvementwithnaturalspaces,forhealthandsafetyreasons,forfearthattheymightgetdirtyorthattheymightcausedamage.So,instead,the

10、damageisdonetothechildrenthemselves:nottotheirbodiesbuttotheirsouls.OneofthegreatproblemsofmodernchildhoodisADHD,nowincreasinglyandexpensivelytreatedwithdrugs.YetonestudyafteranotherindicatesthatcontactwithnaturegiveshugebenefitstoADHDchildren.However,wespendmoneyondrugsratherthanongreenplaces.Theli

11、feofoldpeopleismeasurablybetterwhentheyhaveaccesstonature.Theincreasingemphasisforthegrowingpopulationofoldpeopleisinqualityratherthanquantityofyears.Andstudyafterstudyfindsthatagardenisthesinglemostimportantthinginfindingthatquality.Inwiderandmoredifficultareasoflife,thereisevidencetoindicatethatna

12、turalsurroundingsimproveallkindsofthings.Evenproblemswithcrimeandaggressivebehaviourarereducedwhenthereiscontactwiththenaturalworld.DrWilliamBird,researcherfromtheRoyalSocietyfortheProtectionofBirds,statesinhisstudy,“Anaturalenvironmentcanreduceviolentbehaviourbecauseitsrestorativeprocesshelpsreduce

13、angerandimpulsivebehaviour.”Wildplacesneedencouragingforthisreason,nomatterhowsmalltheircontribution.Wetendtolookonnatureconservationassomekindoffavourthathumanbeingsaregrantingtothenaturalworld.Theerrorhereisfartoodeep:notonlydohumansneednatureforthemselves,buttheveryideathathumanityandthenaturalwo

14、rldareseparablethingsisprofoundlydamaging.Humanbeingsareaspeciesofmammals（哺乳动物）.Forsevenmillionyearstheylivedontheplanetaspartofnature.Ourancestralselvesmissthenaturalworldandlongforcontactwithnon-humanlife.Anyonewhohaspattedadog,strokedacat,satunderatreewithapintofbeer,givenorreceivedabunchofflower

15、sorchosentowalkthroughtheparkonaniceday,understandsthat.Weneedthewildworld.Itisessentialtoourwell-being,ourhealth,ourhappiness.Withoutthewildworldwearenotmorebutlesscivilised.Withoutotherlivingthingsarounduswearelessthanhuman.FivewaystofindharmonywiththenaturalworldWalk:Breaktherhythmofpermanentlybe

16、ingunderaroof.Getoffastopearlier,makeacircuitoftheparkatlunchtime,walkthechildtoandfromschool,getadog,feelyourselfmovinginmovingair,look,listen,absorb.Sit:Takeamoment,everynowandthen,tobestillinanopenspace.Inthegarden,anywherethatsnotintheoffice,anywhereoutofthehouse,awayfromtheroutine.Situnderatree

17、,lookatwater,feelrefreshed,eversoslightlyrenewed.Drink:Thebestwaytoenjoythenaturalworldisbyyourself;thesecondbestwayisincompany.Takeadrinkoutsidewithagoodperson,agoodgathering:talkwiththesunandthewindwithbirdsongforbackground.Learn:Expandyourboundaries.Learnfivespeciesofbird,fivebutterflies,fivetree

18、s,fivebirdsongs.Thatway,youseeandhearmore:andyourmindrespondsgratefullytothegreateramountofwildnessinyourlife.Travel:Theplacesyoualwayswantedtovisit:bytheseaside,inthecountry,inthehills.Takeaweekendbreak,aday-trip,getoutthereanddoit:forthescenery,forthewaythroughthewoods,forthebirds,forthebees.Gosom

19、ewherespecialandbringspecialnesshome.Itlastsforever,afterall.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。Whatistheautshporrofoundbelief?Peopleinstinctivelyseeknatureindifferentways.Peopleshouldspendmostoftheirlivesinthewild.Peoplehavequitedifferentperceptionsofnature.Peoplemustmakemoreeffortstostudynature.Whatdoestheauthorsa

20、ypeoplepreferfortheirchildrennowadays?Personalfreedom.Thingsthatarenatural.Urbansurroundings.Thingsthatarepurchased.WhatdoesastudyinSwedenshow?Thenaturalenvironmentcanhelpchildrenlearnbetter.Moreaccesstonaturemakeschildrenlesslikelytofallill.Agoodplaygroundhelpskidsdeveloptheirphysicalabilities.Natu

21、ralviewscanpreventchildrenfromdevelopingADHD.Childrenwhohavechancestoexplorenaturalareas.tendtodevelopastrongloveforsciencearemorelikelytofantasiseaboutwildlifetendtobephysicallytougherinadulthoodarelesslikelytobeinvolvedinbullyingWhatdoestheauthorsuggestwedotohelpchildrenwithADHD?Findmoreeffectived

22、rugsforthem.Providemoregreenspacesforthem.Placethemundermorepersonalcare.Engagetheminmoremeaningfulactivities.Inwhatwaydoelderlypeoplebenefitfromtheircontactwithnature?Theylookonlifeoptimistically.CTheyareabletolivelonger.Theyenjoyalifeofbetterquality.DTheybecomegood-humoured.DrWilliamBirdsuggestsin

23、hisstudythat.humanityandnaturearecomplementarytoeachotherwildplacesmayinduceimpulsivebehaviourinpeopleaccesstonaturecontributestothereductionofviolenceittakesalongtimetorestorenatureoncedamagedItisextremelyharmfultothinkthathumanityandthenaturalworldcanbe.Theauthorbelievesthatwewouldnotbesocivilised

24、without.Thefivesuggestionstheauthorgivesattheendofthepassagearemeanttoencouragepeopletoseekwiththenaturalworld.PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwha

25、twassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。AThemanshouldvisitthe

26、museums.CThebeachresortisagoodchoice.Shecantstandthehotweather.DSheenjoysstayinginWashington.AHernewresponsibilitiesinthecompany.Whatherjobprospectsare.Whatthecustomersfeedbackis.Thedirectorsopinionofherwork.ACombinehertrainingwithdieting.Repeatthetrainingeverythreedays.Avoidexcessivephysicaltrainin

27、g.Includeweightliftingintheprogram.AWhenshewillreturnhome.Whethershecangobyherself.Whethershecantravelbyair.Whenshewillcompletelyrecover.AThewomanknowshowtodealwiththepolice.Thewomanhadbeenfinedmanytimesbefore.Thewomanhadviolatedtrafficregulations.Thewomanisgoodatfindingexcuses.ASwitchofftherefriger

28、atorforawhile.Havesomeonerepairtherefrigerator.Askthemantofixtherefrigerator.Buyarefrigeratorofbetterquality.AHeownsapieceoflandinthedowntownarea.Hehasgotenoughmoneytobuyahouse.Hecanfinallydowhathehasdreamedof.Heismovingintoabiggerapartment.ASheisblackandblueallover.Shehastogotoseeadoctor.Shestayeda

29、wayfromworkforafewdays.Shegothurtinanaccidentyesterday.Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.AShewasabankmanager.Shewasavictimoftherobbery.Shewasadefencelawyer.Shewasawitnesstothecrime.AAtallmanwithdarkhairandamoustache.Ayouthwithadistinguishingmarkonhisface.Athirty-year-oldguywea

30、ringalightsweater.Amedium-sizedyoungmancarryingagun.AIdentifythesuspectfrompictures.CHaveherphototakenfortheirfiles.Goupstairstosignsomedocument.DVerifytherecordofwhatshehadsaid.Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.AByreadinganewspaperad.CBylisteningtothemorningnews.Byseeingacomm

31、ercialonTV.DBycallinganemploymentservice.AShecouldimproveherforeignlanguages.Shecouldworkclosetoherfamily.Shecouldtraveloverseasfrequently.Shecoulduseherpreviousexperiences.ATakingmanagementcourses.CWorkingasasecretary.TeachingEnglishatauniversity.DStudyingforadegreeinFrench.APrepareforaninterviewin

32、acoupleofdays.Readtheadvertisementagainformoredetails.Sendinawrittenapplicationassoonaspossible.Gettoknowthecandidatesontheshortlist.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhea

33、raquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。PassageOneQuestions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.ATheycannotseethefirefightersbecauseofthesmoke.Theydonotrealizethedangert

34、heyarein.Theycannothearthefirefightersforthenoise.Theymistakethefirefightersformonsters.AHetravelsalloverAmericatohelpputoutfires.Heoftenteacheschildrenwhattododuringafire.HeteachesSpanishinaSanFranciscocommunity.Heprovidesoxygenmaskstochildrenfreeofcharge.AHesavedthelifeofhisbrotherchokingonfood.He

35、rescuedastudentfromabigfire.Heisverygoodatpublicspeaking.Hegivesinformativetalkstoyoungchildren.AFirefightersplayanimportantroleinAmerica.Kidsshouldlearnnottobeafraidofmonsters.Carelessnesscanresultintragedies.Informativespeechescansavelives.PassageTwoQuestions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejusthe

36、ard.ATosatisfytheneedsoftheirfamily.Tofullyrealizetheirpotential.Tomakemoneyforearlyretirement.Togainasenseoftheirpersonalworth.ATheymayhavetocontinuetoworkinoldage.Theymayregretthetimetheywasted.Theymayhavenobodytodependoninthefuture.Theymayhavefewerjobopportunities.AMakingwiseuseofyourtime.Enjoyin

37、gyourselfwhileyoucan.Savingasmuchasyoucan.Workinghardandplayinghard.PassageThreeQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.AHardworkingstudentsbeingaccusedofcheating.Boystudentsbeingoftentreatedaslaw-breakers.Innocentpeoplebeingsuspectedgroundlessly.Junioremployeesbeingmadetoworkovertime.AF

38、orbiddingstudentstotakefoodoutoftherestaurant.Requestingcustomerstopaybeforetakingthefood.Askingcustomerstoleavetheirbagsonthecounters.Allowingonlytwostudentstoenteratatime.AHewastakentothemanager.CHewasaskedtoleave.Hewascloselywatched.DHewasovercharged.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearap

39、assagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks

40、,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.注意：此部分试题在答题卡2上作答。Writingkeepsusintouchwithotherpeople.Wewritetocommunicatewithrelativesandfriends.Wewriteto(36)ourfamilyhistoriessoourchild

41、renandgrandchildrencanlearnand(37)theirheritage(传统).WithcomputersandInternetconnectionsinsomany(38),colleges,business,peoplee-mailingfriendsandrelativesallthetimeortalkingtotheminwritinginonline(39)rooms.Itischeaperthancallinglongdistance,andalotmore(40)thanwaitinguntilSundayforthetelephone(41)todro

42、p.Studentsaree-mailingtheirprofessorsto(42)anddiscusstheirclassroomassignmentsandto(43)them.Theyaree-mailingclassmatestodiscussandcollaborate(合作)onhomework.(44)Despitethegrowingimportanceofcomputers,however,therewillalwaysbeaplaceandneedforthepersonalletter.(45).Nomatterwhatthecontentofthemessage,it

43、srealpointis,“IwantyoutoknowthatIcareaboutyou.”(46),butonlyinthesuccessofhumanrelationships.PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassag

44、e.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Whatdeterminesthekindo

45、fpersonyouare?Whatfactorsmakeyoumoreorlessbold,intelligent,orabletoreadamap?Alloftheseareinfluencedbytheinteractionofyourgenesandtheenvironmentinwhichyouwere47.Thestudyofhowgenesandenvironmentinteracttoinfluence48activityisknownasbehavioralgenetics.Behavioralgeneticshasmadeimportant49tothebiological

46、revolution,providinginformationabouttheextenttowhichbiologyinfluencesmind,brainandbehavior.Anyresearchthatsuggeststhat50toperformcertainbehaviorsarebasedinbiologyiscontroversial.Whowantstobetoldthattherearelimitationstowhatyoucan51basedonsomethingthatisbeyondyourcontrol,suchasyourgenes?Itiseasytoacc

47、eptthatgenescontrolphysicalcharacteristicssuchassex,raceandeyecolor.Butcangenesalsodeterminewhetherpeoplewillgetdivorced,how52theyare,orwhatcareertheyarelikelytochoose?Aconcernofpsychologicalscientistsisthe53towhichallofthesecharacteristicsareinfluencedbynatureandnurture（养育）,bygeneticmakeupandtheenv

48、ironment.Increasingly,science54thatgeneslaythegroundworkformanyhumantraits.Fromthisperspective,peopleareborn55likeundevelopedphotographs:Theimageisalreadycaptured,butthewayit56appearscanvarybasedonthedevelopmentprocess.However,thebasicpictureistherefromthebeginning.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。abilitiesIextent

49、achieveJindicatesappealKproceedscomplaintsLpsychologicalcontributionsMraiseddisplayedNsmartessentiallyOstandardeventuallySectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebe

50、stchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Itisprettymuchaone-waystreet.Whileitmaybecommonforuniversityresearcherstotrytheirluckinthecommercialworld,thereisverylittletrafficintheoppositedirection.Payhasalw

51、aysbeenthebiggestdeterrent,aspeoplewithfamiliesoftenfeeltheycannotaffordthedropinsalarywhenmovingtoauniversityjob.Forsomeindustrialscientists,however,theattractionsofacademia（学术界）outweighanyfinancialconsiderations.HelenLeetooka70%cutinsalarywhenshemovedfromaseniorpostinAbbottLaboratoriestoamedicalde

52、partmentattheUniversityofCambridge.Hermainreasonforreturningtoacademiamid-careerwastotakeadvantageofthegreaterfreedomtochooseresearchquestions.Someareasofinquiryhavefewprospectsofacommercialreturn,andLeesisoneofthem.Theimpactofasalarycutisprobablylesssevereforascientistintheearlystagesofacareer.GuyG

53、rant,nowaresearchassociateattheUnileverCentreforMolecularInformaticsattheUniversityofCambridge,spenttwoyearsworkingforapharmaceutical（制药的）companybeforereturningtouniversityasapost-doctoralresearcher.Hetooka30%salarycutbutfeltitworthwhileforthegreaterintellectualopportunities.Higheruptheladder,wherea

54、paycutisusuallymoresignificant,thedemandforscientistswithawealthofexperienceinindustryisforcinguniversitiestomakethetransition（转换）toacademiamoreattractive,accordingtoLee.Industrialscientiststendtoreceivetrainingthatacademicsdonot,suchashowtobuildamultidisciplinaryteam,managebudgetsandnegotiatecontra

55、cts.Theyarealsowellplacedtobringsomethingextratotheteachingsideofanacademicrolethatwillhelpstudentsgetajobwhentheygraduate,saysLee,perhapsexperienceinmanufacturingpracticeorproductdevelopment.“Onlyasmallnumberofundergraduateswillcontinueinanacademiccareer.Sosomeoneleavinguniversitywhoalreadyhasthesk

56、illsneededtoworkinanindustriallabhasfarmorepotentialinthejobmarketthansomeonewhohasspentalltheirtimeonanarrowresearchproject.”注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。By“aone-waystreet”（Line1,Para.1）,theauthormeans.universityresearchersknowlittleaboutthecommercialworldthereislittleexchangebetweenindustryandacademiafewindu

57、strialscientistswouldquittoworkinauniversityfewuniversityprofessorsarewillingtodoindustrialresearchTheword“deterrent”（Line2,Para.1）mostprobablyreferstosomethingthat.keepssomeonefromtakingactionCattractspeoplesattentionBhelpstomovethetrafficDbringssomeoneafinancialburdenWhatwasHelenLeesmajorconsidera

58、tionwhenshechangedherjobinthemiddleofhercareer?AFlexibleworkhours.CHerpreferenceforthelifestyleoncampus.BHerresearchinterests.DProspectsofacademicaccomplishments.GuyGrantchosetoworkasaresearcheratCambridgeinorderto.AdofinanciallymorerewardingworkBraisehisstatusintheacademicworldenrichhisexperiencein

59、medicalresearchexploitbetterintellectualopportunitiesWhatcontributioncanindustrialscientistsmakewhentheycometoteachinauniversity?AIncreaseitsgraduatescompetitivenessinthejobmarket.Developitsstudentspotentialinresearch.Helpittoobtainfinancialsupportfromindustry.Gearitsresearchtowardspracticalapplicat

60、ions.PassageTwoQuestions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Beingsociablelookslikeagoodwaytoaddyearstoyourlife.Relationshipswithfamily,friends,neighbours,evenpets,willalldothetrick,butthebiggestlongevity（长寿）boostseemstocomefrommarriageoranequivalentrelationship.Theeffectwasfirstnotedin1858byWilliamF