2023届高考英语一轮复习知识巩固：易混词语辨析

1、易混词、词组辨析surroundings 与 environmentsurroundings: 用复数形式，主要指周围的具体物质环境。environment: 集合名词单数，抽象名词，指对人的发展产生影响的自然环境或生活环境。e.g., The boy grew up in great surroundings but not in a happy homeenvironment.这个男孩在环境很好但家庭不幸福的环境中长大环境。angry, mad, indignant, cross, irate angry ：feeling or showing anger 愤怒，发怒,e.g., Plea

2、se dont be angry with me. 请别生我的气。e.g., Thousands of angry demonstrators filled the square. 广场上聚满了成千上万的愤怒示威者。mad ：not before noun (informal) angry指愤怒或发怒e.g., He got mad and walked out. 他大动肝火,愤然离去。e.g., Shes mad at me for being late. 我迟到了,她非常生气。Ps.在非正式的美式英语中,mad为表示愤怒或发怒(angry)的常用词。在英式英语中,短语go mad表示非常气

3、愤。e.g., Dad will go mad when he sees what youve done.父亲看到你的所作所为会非常气愤。go mad也可指发疯、发狂或激动起来。indignant ：feeling or showing anger and surprise because you think that you or sb else has been treated unfairly指因遭遇或见到不公平的事而愤慨,愤怒: e.g., She was very indignant at the way she had been treated.她对自己受到的待遇大为光火。 cro

4、ss： (especially BrE, rather informal) rather angry or annoyed.指十分愤怒e.g., I was quite cross with him for being late.我因他到而十分生气 irate ：very angry指极其愤怒的,暴怒的e.g., irate customers 愤怒的顾客 an irate letter言辞激烈的信irate后通常不跟介词e.g., She was irate with me/about it.happen, take place, occur, break out, come aboutha

5、ppen: vi 指偶然间发生的事情 e.g., Thismust neverhappenagain.这种事再也不能发生了。 take place: 指计划好或预想到发生的事情 e.g., The meetingshouldtake place on thefifthof May.会议应于5月5日举行。 occur: 也指偶然发生的事情 e.g., Whenexactlydidtheincidentoccur?这一事件究竟是什么时候发生的？ break out：指大规模（不好的事情）发生e.g., The authoritieshaveurgedpeopletostock up onfueli

6、n casehostilitiesbreak out.当局已敦促人们储备燃料以防战争爆发。 come about：中性词，常与how连用e.g., So how didit come about?怎么回事？survive 与 survive from survive : 生存；存活；继续存在；幸存；艰难度过 e.g., The company managed to survived the crisis. 这家公司设法渡过了危机。 survive from : 幸存 e.g., Some strange customs survived from earlier times. 有些奇怪的风俗是

7、从古代流传下来的。injure, hurt, bruise, wound injure：指在事故中的伤害，强调身体部位收到某种程度的损伤 e.g., Three people were injured in the crash. 有三人在事故中受伤。 hurt：指疼痛，强调引起的身体疼痛 e.g., Did you hurt yourself? 你受伤了吗? bruise：指摔伤，撞伤 wound：尤其指用武器伤害 e.g., 50 people were seriously wounded in the attack. 50人在袭击中受重伤。damage, ruin, destroy dam

8、age：指一定程度的损坏，损失，部分是可以修复的 e.g., The firecausedextensivedamage.火灾造成了巨大的损失。 ruin：指毁灭、毁坏，指在一定过程中对物体的破坏，多抽象 e.g., Gamblingwashisruin.赌博毁了他。 destroy：指彻底毁坏，也可抽象 e.g., Anyreformwilldestroyandpervertourconstitution.任何改革都将破坏、败坏我们的宪法。though, thought, thorough, throughout, through though：conj. 尽管，即使，常引导让步状语从句 e

9、.g., Ilikehim.Thoughhemakesmeangrysometimes.我喜欢他，尽管他有时惹我生气。 thought：n. 想法，看法；也可为think的过去式 e.g., Ithoughtyouweremockingme.我以为你在嘲笑我。 thorough：adj.彻底的，全面的e.g., Weare makinga thoroughinvestigation.我们正在进行彻底的调查。 throughout：prep. 遍及，到处 e.g., Shesplayed solidlythroughout thespring.她整个春季都表现得很稳健。 through：prep

10、. 通过，穿过 e.g., Hebreezedthroughthetests.他轻松顺利地通过了这些测试。shame, ashamed, shameless, shameful shame：n. 羞耻，羞愧，让人遗憾的事；v.使感到羞耻e.g., Shefelt a deep senseof shame.她深感羞耻。 ashamed：adj. 感到羞愧的，羞耻的e.g., Peteroughtto beashamedof himself.彼得应为自己感到羞耻。 shameless：adj. 无耻的，不要脸的e.g., Sheunshelledhisshamelesslies.她揭露了他的无耻谎

11、言。 shameful：adj.丢脸的，可耻的e.g., Itsshamefulforhimto tell a lie.对他来说，撒谎是可耻的。view, sight, scenery, scene, landscape view：通过窗户或从高处观赏到的景色 sight：眼见的景色，人工制成；复数多指名胜 scenery：自然风景，为不可数名词 scene：现场，场景，布景 landscape：内陆风光bright, brilliant, vivid, vibrant bright: 指光线充足的、明亮的、色彩鲜明的e.g., a bright yellow dress黄色的连衣裙 brilliant: very bright 指明亮的、鲜艳的e.g., The sky was a brillia