翻译概论课件

1、A COURSE OFTRANSLATIONENTER翻译概论What is translation？译即易，谓换易言语使相解也。 （贾公彦 ）“to turn into ones own or another language.” （Websters Dictionary ）Translating it is that opens the window, to let in the light; that breaks the shell, that we may eat the kernel. (Steiner) The tower of Babel / Babel 巴别塔、通天塔、巴比伦

2、塔（圣经旧约创世记） And the Lord said, “Look, they are one people, and they have all one language; this is only the beginning of what will do; nothing that they propose to do will be impossible for them. Come, let us go down, and confuse their language there, so that they will not understand one anothers spe

3、ech.” Translation Criteria 严复: “信、达、雅” (faithfulness, expressiveness, elegance)鲁迅：宁信而不顺 傅雷: “以效果而论，翻译应当像临画一样，所求的不在形似而在神似。” （spiritual conformity/resemblance in spirit ）钱钟书: “文学翻译的最高标准是化。把作品从一国文字转变成另一国文字，既不能因语文习惯的差异而露出生硬牵强的痕迹，又能完全保存原有的风味，那就算得入于化境” （transmigration）For Gods sake let us sit upon the gro

4、und and tell sad stories of the death of kings. 坐地而叹古来君主鲜善终。 Marriage or waving comes or goes by destiny. 婚嫁有命。Criteria for beginners：忠实与通顺 FaithfulnessSmoothness-“What do you think of the man?”-“Youve stolen my question!”“你怎么看这个人？” “你偷了我的问题！” She kept her hands clasped on mine a moment longer than

5、was necessary.她紧握着我的手，比必要的时间长一点。 她紧握着我的手，没有马上松开。 （“我正要问你）呢！” smoothnessAn American girl fell in love with her Chinese classmate, but the young man didnt share her feelings.一个美国女孩爱上了她的中国同学，但是那个年轻人却和她的感觉不一样。 一个美国女孩爱上了她的中国同学，可惜她只是一厢情愿。(X)对译者的要求1） 扎实的语言基本功。 2） 具有丰富的文化知识 。3） 熟悉翻译理论和常用技巧，善于灵活运用各种翻译技巧。 4）

6、熟悉各种工具书。5）“译”精于勤。（1） 依照词语-句子-段落-语篇的顺序；（2） 选择不同题材和体裁的练习材料；（3） 难易循序渐进；（4） 译文反复修改，不断提高译文质量；（5） 选择有参考译文的文本，进行对比学习；（6） 可请别人修改或校正。 鲁迅：“真好像做苦工，日子不好过”、“字典不离手，冷汗不离身”。傅雷：我译文的风格，令自己深以为苦，虽已尽全力，却永远达不到满意的完美程度我尽量尝试译得忠于原文，而又不失艺术性，务使译文看来似中文创作，惜仍然力不从心。翻译之难，比起演奏家之演绎往昔大师的杰作，实在不遑多让。books英汉互译实用教程（第四版），郭著章、李庆生 编著，武汉大学出版社，

7、2011年。新编汉英翻译教程，陈宏薇 编著，上海外语教育出版社，2004年。 新编英汉翻译教程，孙致礼 编著，上海外语教育出版社，2003年。 文化语境与语言翻译，包惠南 著，中国对外翻译出版公司，2001年研究生英语实用翻译教程(第二版) ，许建平著，中国人民大学出版社 ，2008年杨必译文集（2）名利场，译林出版社, 1994年Fortress Besieged，Translated by Jeanne Kelly and Nathan K. Mao，外语教学与研究出版社 ，2003年 1.根据语境确定词义英语中一词多义、汉语中一字多义，这是常见的语言现象。这就需要我们依靠具体的上下文来判

8、断某一个字或词语的意义。英汉词法翻译rightAnd not only has won, but because it has won, has been in the right.Might is right.She tried her best to right her husband from the charge of robbery.You are quite right to refuse.All came right in the end.Adj.正义的n.公理Vt.申冤Adj. 正确的Adv. 顺利The union had very little say in the new

9、 pay agreement. The pole-vaulter bettered the world record by six inches.n 发言权Vt 使改善，使变得更好，刷新，提高run run across 跑过 偶然碰见run away 跑开 失去控制run in 跑进 陷于；偶然碰见run out 跑出 被用完；将尽run over 跑过 满出，溢出run a race 参加赛跑run for presidency 竞选总统run to extremes 走向极端run the streets 流浪街头run a car 驾驶小汽车run a factory 办工厂run o

10、il 提炼石油run to 跑到 （数量等）达到run on 不停地跑 讲个不停，喋喋不休run sb into difficulties 使某人陷入困境run the risk of 冒着的危险run into debt 负债 run ones head into a wall 撞南墙，碰壁The idea runs in his mind. 这个念头萦绕在他的脑海里。The street runs north. 大街向北延伸。The news runs rapidly in the town. 这个消息迅速在镇上传开。上上班 to go to work; to be on duty 上报

11、to appear in the newspapers上场 to appear on the stage court上当 to be taken in 上吊 to hang oneself上冻 to freeze上瘾 to be addicted (to sth)上轨道 to get on the right track 上火 to get angry上进 to make progress上课 to attend class上路 to set out on a journey 上年纪 to be getting on in years上任 to take up an official post

12、上台 to come to power随函附上2角钱邮票一张。Enclosed herewith is a 20-fen stamp.这一盘你上。You play this game. 一连上了好几道菜。Several courses were served in succession.行李还没上架。The luggage has not been put on the rack yet. 这事已上了电视。It has been publicized on TV. The boy is drawing a cart.（拉、拽or 画？）Its time to go aboard. (上火车or

13、上飞机or上船？）2.根据上下文语气，态度确定词义We hope Mr. White will not forget himself, gone are the days when a representative of a large country in UN. May do whatever he likes.We hope our most respected Secretery General will not forget himself, his poor health is known to everyboday.He wrote a letter to his friend.

14、Premier Zhu wrote a letter to American President.忘乎所以劳累过度，忘我工作写信致函3.根据话题确定词义Messenger: 信使，遗传工程学上指“一种传递信息的化学物质Carrier:携带者，生物、医学上指 “带菌体”Shuttle: 纺织行业的“梭子”，航天方面的“航天飞机”、“穿梭机”4.根据汉语搭配习惯确定词义She proves to be a good listener.她在课堂上认真听讲。她是个遵守公共秩序的/忠实的听众。她善于听取群众的意见。Yet, as it sometimes happens that a person de

15、parts his life, who is really deserving of the praise the stone cutter curves over his bones; who is a good Christian, a good parent, a good child, a good wife or a good husband.不过偶然也有几个死人当得起石匠刻在他们朽骨上的好话。真的是虔诚的教徒、慈爱的父母、孝顺的儿女、贤良的妻子、尽职的丈夫。（杨必Vanity Fair名利场）Practice 1Enjoy free medical care Enjoy advan

16、tagesEnjoy national protection Enjoy mass supportEnjoy access to internetEnjoy prosperityEnjoy a special placeEnjoy a revivalEnjoy a fine dayEnjoy constant attention享受具备受到得到有机会，能够处于占有获得好天气，天气晴朗受到，一直为人们所关注Practice 2注意划线词的褒贬The subject for discussion was Sadams future.They predicted the youth would have a bright future.John was an agreesive salesma