限制性定语从句的译法

1、教案第八部分从句的翻译教学目的：帮助学生掌握翻译英语从句的基本技巧。教学重点：如何灵活处理英语中的各种类型的从旬。教学难点：如何灵活使用各种翻译技巧，摆脱英文原文的束缚， 从而产生符合中 文习惯的句子。英语从句的翻译对译者的英文理解能力提出了比较高的 要求。所以，译者首先需要弄清句子的语法关系。 然后分析原文句子问 的从属关系。最后，将这些句子按照符合中国人思维习惯或中文构句习 惯的逻辑顺序或时间顺序重新排列。教学方法：任务驱动，集体讨论教学手段：多媒体教学情景：参与广州外商活动中心口笔译任务（外商接待，关于广州投资环境会 议）时间分配：第1, 2节：名词性从句的翻译主语从句的译法；宾语从句的

2、译法；表语从句的译法；同位语从句的译法翻译实践第3, 4节：定语从句的翻译限制性定语从句的译法非限制性定语从句的译法翻译实践第5, 6节：状语从何的翻译时间状语从何的译法因果状语从句的译法让步状语从句的译法翻译实践名词性从句的翻译名词从句就是在整个句子中起名词作用的从句。名词性从句包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句。 翻译这类句子时，根据从句与主句的长短和紧密程度，可以将从句译为句子的成分或者处理为与主句并列的单句。主语从句的译法Where we are today has to be one of the most commercially dynamic places in th

3、e world.我们今天所处的地方是全世界最具商业活力的地区之一。What I want to say is that the computer Internet is transforming business operation patterns.我所要说的是，计算机因特网正在改变商务运作的模式。以it作形式主语所引出的真正主语从句，翻译视情况可以提前也可以不提前。Its no wonder that Guangdong, with only 3% of China s population, produces 9% of its GDP, attracts 1/5 of its fore

4、ign investment, and generates 1/3of its export.广东仅生活着中国 3%的人口，生产却占国内生产总值的9%,吸引外资总量的1/5,出口在整个中国占1/3,这并不让人感到奇怪。It was therefore only logical that the first thorough reform in Germany in 1948 was a currency reform with the introduction of the Deutsche Mark as a new monetary unit and at the same time th

5、e establishment of a 巾xed rate of exchange with the previous currency.因此，唯一符合逻辑的是，1948年德国进行的彻底改革属于“货币改革” ，期间德国马克被 作为新的货币单位推出，而且同时建立了与以前的币种进行交换的固定汇率制。It seems to me that the Fair has got the whole China behind it.我觉得整个中国都在支持这个交易会。宾语从句的译法Guangdong has about 16million telephone users This means that th

6、e entire traffic could be handled by four fibers.广东有1600万个电话用户，这意味着四根光纤就可以搞定整个信息交通了。International experience suggests that Information and Communication Technology (ICT)infrastructure and services can have a substantial impact on the competitiveness of firms, nations and regions.各国的经验表明，信息交流技术的基础设施和

7、服务对于一个公司，一个国家乃至一个地区的竞争力都发挥着相当重要的作用。This dramatic economic progress shows what is possible when governments leave more decision-making poweNn the hands of private enterprises and individuals.种种巨大的经济成就表明，政府允许私营企业和个人享有更多的决策权能带来什么样的变 化。This local wisdom is very much in line with what we are driving to a

8、chieve at Kodak as we work to execute on our strategies.这种本地化的智慧与柯达在执行战略时要努力达到的目标非常一致。Last year our CEO committed the BP Amoco Group to a carbon dioxide emission reduction target of 10% by 2010, on a 1990 base and to reporting openly how and where we are achieving the targets.去年，我们公司的首席执行官承诺BP阿莫科集团要

9、在 2010将二氧化碳的排放量在1990年的基础上削减10%,而且不断公开在这方面的发展情况。表语从句的译法The second general message is that future growth must be sustainable.第二个原则是，未来的增长必须具有可持续性。The good thing about our relationship is that we want nothing from each other.我们的关系中有一点很好，那就是我们都不想从对方那里获得什么。同位语从句的译法同位语从句可以提前也可以保持原来的顺序In fact, I have no do

10、ubt that I ll learn in something today that I can take home and share with othe门eaders in New York State, where Kodak s headquarters is located.事实上，今天我将学到一些东西，并能将我的收获带回去，和柯达总部所在地纽约州的其他领导们分享，对此我深信不疑。Leadership in the digital Renaissance will be about the realization that everyone on this earth is bor

11、n with the potential to lead.数字复兴的领袖将要努力实现使这个地球上每个人都有成为领袖的潜能。翻译实践It ;s estimated that by the year 2010 the revenues will exceed 9 billion USD per year.It is our sincere wish that we continue to work closely together enhance our friendly relationship and to ensure a sustained growth in our economic,

12、financial and trade cooperation.What is simple is easy to grasp, what is simple is easy to follow, what is easy to grasp becomes familiar, what is easy to follow is effective, what is familiar will become habit, what is effective is scalable, what is habitual becomes virtue, what is scalable enables

13、 the virtuous man to achieve great things.It is important to realize that protection of intellectual property rights does not only beneKt foreign copyright holders, it is even more important for domestic software companies.Im wondering why the Guangzhou Municipal Government decided to undertake such

14、 a great project.I guess that the Fair was transferred to this new construction because of its expansion in scale?I believe that the British Government was the first, anywhere in the world, to appoint a Minister with specific responsibilities for Corporate Social Responsibility.You may wonder why th

15、e EU or -in general terms -the world economy needs anti-dumping legislation.My prediction is that Guangdong Province will not only remain an economic power, but will also become a major province with advanced higher education in the near future.Im particularly happy with the fact that the University

16、 Town is surrounded by the Pearl River.参考译文.预计到2010年广州的财政收入将超过90亿美元。.我们真诚地希望彼此之间继续密切合作，发展我们的友好关系，确保我们在经济，金融 和贸易方面的合作持续增长。.易则易知，简则易从。易知则易亲，易从则有功。有亲则可久，有功则可大。可久则贤人 之德，可大则贤人之业。.必须意识到保护知识产权不仅可以使外国版权持有人受益，对国内软件公司而言有着更为重要的意义。.我想知道广州市政府为什么决定要建设如此巨大的工程。.我猜，是因为交易会的规模扩大了，你们才将它搬到新馆里面来的吧？.我相信英国是世界上第一个任命一位部长来负责企

17、业社会责任的国家。.大家可能会提出这样的问题：为什么欧盟，或者就更大范围而言，世界经济，需要反倾销 法呢？.我预言广东省不仅将维持其经济强省的地位，也会在不久的将来成为高教大省。.我特别喜欢大学城被珠江环绕。定语从句的译法定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。前者和先行词关系紧密， 决定着句子的意义，所以往往译为先行词的定语。后者主要是对先行词加以描述和说明，所以往往单独译为一句，与主句为并列关系。 当然，在某些情况下，第一种策略可以用于非限定性定语从 句；而第二种可以用于限定性定语从句。除此之外，两种定语从句都可以在翻译中处理为句子的一个成分。另外，有些定语从句与主句实际上是条件，因

18、果，转折，目的等逻辑关系， 所以在翻译中还可以将这样的定于从句转换为状语从句。限制性定语从句的译法.译为汉语定语Im hesitant to offer advice to a province that has been so successful.为一个已经这样成功的省提建议，我不胜惶恐。Sustainable development was defined by the UN Commission on Environment and Development in 1987 as Development that meets the needs of the present withou

19、t compromising the ability of future generation to meet their own needs. ”1987年联合国环境与发展委员会将可持续发展定义为“在满足目前需求时不会对未来后代满足他们的需求造成负面影响的发展。”The whole world is watching with great interest the remarkable changes that are taking place in China, particularly in Guangzhou, a thriving and robust megalopolis.整个世

20、界都在以极大的兴趣注视着中国正在发生的巨大变化，尤其是注视着广州这座蓬勃向上的特大型城市所发生的巨大变化。A lot of effort is concentrated on maximizing the amount of information that can be transmitted using this single wavelength.研究的精力主要集中在如何使单一波长所传输的信息量达到最大化。.译为并列结构由于某些定语从句比较长，不宜放在先行词前做定语，所以单独译为一句，和 句中其他分句为并列关系。There comes a point in the growth of a

21、ny organization or region when future development cannot be secured simply by more of the same.广东的发展已经进入了一个转折点，在这个时刻，任何机构和地区的发展，都不能再机械地依靠“更多的重复过去”来实现。As the leader of a global company whose industry is undergoing seismic change, I know that no business and no regional economy can rely solely on the

22、ingredients of its current success to propel it into the future.我的公司所处的行业正在急剧变化，作为这样一个全球性公司的领导人，我知道没有任何企业或地区经济能够仅仅依靠其现在的成功要素而继续保持成功。To meet these requirements, ICT providers increased capacity and introduced innovative new services and applications that allow users around the clock access at home, i

23、n the office, or on the move.为满足这些需求，提供 ICT服务的机构扩充了容量，引进了新的服务和应用技术，让用户 能够在居家，办公或外出时都能够不间断地随时使用ICT服务。.译为句中的某个成分It is a tribute to the Chinese citizens whose talent and daily efforts are making this a vibrant modern economy.正是由于中国公民的聪明才智和日复一日的辛勤劳动，中国现代化经济才能如此生机勃勃。The report describes Guangdong as an e

24、conomy that has been completely transformed in a little over two decades, but where officials, managers and employees are not satisfied to rest on their laurels and where there is a realization that additional work is needed if the province is to continue its phenomenal growth.该报告认为，广东是一个在20年稍多一点的时间

25、就完成了彻底转型的经济体。然而，当地的官员，管理人员和雇员们却不满足于已取得的成就，他们认识到，如果广东要继续保持其超常的发展轨迹，就必须付出更多的劳动，必须额外努力。We are a company that possesses vast know-how and very substantial resources.我们公司拥有大量的专有技术和资源。4.Over the last decade, there has never been any place other than Guangzhou that holds so much attraction for our people i

26、n the business community.在过去的10年里，没有任何一个地方像广州那样对我国商业界产生了如此之大的吸引力。This is the place where the Fourth Hi-Tech Fair was held.第四届高交会在这里举办。CSR is an area to which the British Government attaches particula门mportance.英国非常重视企业社会责任这一领域。4.译成状语从句1. Investing in those areas where local subcontractors and public

27、 and private services are not efficient and reliable means to invest in a vertically-integrated plant, which internalizes all stages of production with the relative services.如果某个地区的当地装包商及外部服务，包括公共服务和私人服务，效率不高而且并不可靠，那么在这种地区投资意味着不单单建立一个企业，而是一个纵向整合的企业，生产周期内的各个环节和相关服务都成了企业的份内之事。非限制性定语从句的译法英语中的非限制性定语从句对其

28、先行词不起限定的作用，只对其加以描写，叙述或解释。 因此，该类定语从句往往翻译为一个独立的单句，和主句形成并列结构。.译为并列结构We have commissioned the paper from Professor Michael Enright, who is a world authority on competitiveness, and who has spent years studying the economy of the Pearl River Delta.该报告是我们委托米高恩莱特教授完成的。米高恩格莱教授是一位研究竞争力的世界级 权威人士。过去七年来，他一直在研究珠

29、江三角洲的经济发展情况。The second general message is that future growth must be sustainable, which means ensuring that Guangzhou has the business environment, workforce and external relationship to sustain its prosperity 10ng term.第二个原则是，未来的增长必须具备“可持续性”。这意味着广东必须确保其商业环境，劳动力队伍和对外关系来维持长期繁荣。Nowhere is that more tr

30、ue than Guangdong, where people have poured into the major cities over the past two decades.这句话最适用于广东。在这片土地上，过去 20年来人们像潮水般涌入大城市。On July 27, 2000, the state Council issued Document 18, which contains a number of steps to help develop the local software and semiconductor industries.2000年7月27日，中国国务院发布了

31、第 18号文件，其中包含诸多关于协助开发本土软件 和半导体产业的步骤。The current efforts of mobile communications companies focus around the shift from 2G to 3G technologies, which allow for the transfer of greater volumes of information at higher speeds.目前，移动通信公司正力求实现2G技术到3G技术的过渡，使信息的传输量更大，速度更快。3G will allow mobile users to access

32、the Internet, send images and videos, and enjoy a variety of efficiency enhancing services not possible under the current 2G platform, which is largely limited to voice communication.2G平台在很大程度上仅限于语音通信，而3G技术将使移动电话用户能够上网，发送图像和录像并且享受到目前在 2G平台上所不能享受到的各种高效率的服务。.译为句中的某个成分We are happy to see Chapter 10, wh

33、ich concerns the protection of intellectual property rights.我们很高兴看到其中第十章是有关知识产权保护的。.译成状语从句To find a parallel for the historical shift that were undergoing, the closest thing I can think of isthe Han Dynasty, which are most people have called the China Renaissance period, when creative ideas and inno

34、vations happen everyday.我们正处在一场历史变革中。 与这一变革相类似的情形， 我首先想起的是汉朝， 大多数人称 其为“中国的文艺复兴”时期。因为那个时候，每天都有创造性的观念和革新出现。翻译实践一.单句翻译Software applications and communications services that use a data-centric communications platform are critical if the new technology is to reach its potential.A major factor that has sp

35、urred American investment in Guangdong is the provincial and local commitments to the environment.This is a powerful incentive for attracting companies, which are interested in establishing plants in a reliable economic context.I would like to take this opportunity to express our sincere thanks to o

36、ur host for their earnest invitation and gracious hospitality we have received since we set foot on this charming land.Last year we challenged our entire management team to practice Great Expectation, which includes external focus, simplification, and discipline.Optical fibers form a network that in

37、terconnects the globe.二.请翻译下面一段访华外商的发言Thank you for your gracious words of welcome. I visited this city 26 years ago a little over 26 years ago. Then I couldn t have imagined the dynamic and impressive city that Guangzhou has turned into today.China is definitely a more open place than at any time s

38、ince the Tang Dynasty. We all need to become China experts now, because, China, and especially its future, matters for all of us. The last 26 years have seen tremendous changes in China. The rest of the world has a big stake in China s success.The possibilities that China s social and economic devel

39、opments offer both the country and the world are extraordinary. This should be an opportunity for all of us. To make it so, we must forge a long-term strategic partnership between Europe and China.I dont think China is likely to become an expansionist military power, a worry that has clouded some pe

40、ople. Chinas membership of the WTO is a good example of how working with China and integrating it more fully into the international system can work to all of our advantage.I am looking forward, in the next two weeks, to taking this opportunity to witness with my own eyes the magical power of this la

41、nd of wonder and learn from your endeavor and efforts in serving people.参考译文一.单句翻译.如果要让新技术充分发挥出它的潜力，软件应用和建立在数据通信平台基础上的通信服 务是至关重要的。.省政府和地方政府对于环境的重视，是刺激美商投资的一个主要因素。.对于那些希望在一个可靠的经济环境中投资的公司来说，这具有强大的吸引力。.我愿借此机会对我们东道主的诚挚邀请，对我们一踏上这片充满魅力的土地便受到的友 好款待，向东道主表示真诚的感谢。.我们在去年向整个公司领导层提出卓越执行的要求，卓越执行包括聚焦客户，简单化和自 律。.光纤

42、形成的网络连接着整个世界。二.请翻译下面一段访华外商的发言感谢您热情洋溢的欢迎辞。26年前我曾经访问过这座城市，不止 26年了。未曾想到，今天的广州如此生机勃勃，让人印象深刻。可以说，中国正处于自唐朝以来最开放的时期。我们都得成为中国通，因为中国，尤其是中国的未来，对我们都至关重要。过去的 26年，中国发生了巨大的变化。全世界都看好中 国，对他的成功充满信心。中国社会与经济发展不仅给本国带来巨大的机遇，也给全世界带来巨大的机遇。这是我们9所有人共同享有的机遇。 为了抓住这一机遇，我们必须在欧洲与中国之间建立长期的战略伙伴关系。我们认为中国不会像某些人所担忧的那样走军事扩张的道路。中国加入世贸组

43、织就是一个很好的例子，充分说明与中国合作，使中国融入国际社会可以对我们带来什么样的好处。我期待着在接下来的两周里， 借此访问之机亲自领略中国这片神奇土地的巨大魔力，学习贵国为了造福人民所作出的努力。状语从句的翻译从类别上来讲，英汉语状语都可以表示时间，地点，因果，条件，让步和目的，行为方式 以及比较关系等等。翻译这类从句，可以按照原来的顺序进行翻译。但是，按照英语的表达习惯，往往将状语从句放在主句后面。而汉语往往遵循先因后果，先条件后结果，先目的后做法等与英语相反的逻辑顺序，所以有时需要将从句提前。另外，when ,while, before, until, where, if 等等在意义上看

44、起来是表示时间，地点，条件等,但在很多情况下，它们表示其它的逻辑关系。因此，翻译时需要根据具体情况处理关系词的意义。时间状语从句的译法It has to invest in a new plant when a manufacturing company has reached the limits of its capacity.当一家制造厂达到其生产力的极限时，就需要投资建设新的产房。The local wisdom is very much in line with what we are driving to achieve at Kodak as we work to execute

45、 on our strategies.这种本地化的智慧与柯达在执行战略时要努力达到的目标非常一致。I have heard a lot about the Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center when I visited some of the local universities on my current trip.我这次访问广州，在参观及所本地大学的时候，听到了许多关于广州大学城的情况。Something must be simple before it can be learned, grasped, and put into wider us

46、e.简单才能学习，熟悉掌握和运用。（译为条件状语从句）While the issuance of this document is a boost to IPR protection, it is even more important for the government to come up with concrete steps that it will take to realize the terms of the Document.诚然，这份文件的出台对于知识产权的保护无疑起到了促进作用，但是更为重要的是，政府应当制定具体的步骤来兑现该文件的条款内容。（译为让步状语从句）因果状语从

47、句的译法Im confident in Guangdongs prospects for success because business here has some distinct advantages.我对广东省成功的前景充满信心，因为这里的企业具有一些明显的优势。10The move towards an open standard in mobile communications is seen as a key factor in the choice of 3G technologies, as the issue of compatibility on a global-sca

48、le has become paramount. 因为全球范围内的兼容性已经成了一个首要的问题，实现移动通信的“公开标准”被认为是选择3G技术的关键因素。Because we are both prepared to proceed on the basis of equality and neutral respect, we meet at a moment when we can make peaceful cooperation a reality.由于我们双方都愿本着平等和相互尊重的原则，这次会晤能够使和平成为现实。让步状语从句的译法Thanks to all of you, whe

49、ther you have traveled from the UK, from Hongkong, or from other parts of China.感谢你们，来自英国，香港或中国其它地区的朋友们。Though it was over a century later that Kodak set up imaging product and equipment manufacturing operations in Shantou, Xiamen, Wuxi, and Shanghai, we have already gained rich experience here in promoting localized management while moving toward globalization.虽然在一个多世纪以后，柯达才在汕头，厦门，无锡和上海设立制造影像产品和设备的工厂，但在推动本土管理走向全球化方面