第二部分高考语法点拨专题

1、2021届新亮剑高考总复习特殊句式第二部分高考语法点拨语法专题9目 录CONTENTS命题 深度解读1应试 能力点拨2语法 必备知识3高考 变式训练4命题 深度解读题型分类典型例题命题解读语法填空1.(2018全国,70)Chinas approach to protecting its environment while feeding(feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the banks Juergen Voegele.2.(201

2、6全国,70)It could be anythinggardening,cooking,music,sports-but whatever it is,make(make) sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.3.(2015湖南,21)It was when we were returning home that I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.在语法填空中,强调句

3、是高考的难点,倒装句是高考的热点。此外,状语从句中的省略、祈使句和there be句型的各种时态的应用也是高考考查的重点项目短文改错1.(2020重庆一中模拟)I had trouble ing my addiction to alcohol,and so wasdid my friend Mike.2.(2020湖南师大附中检测)It is the stable and comfortable life wherethat has destroyed the young mans ambition to be a great explorer.1.倒装句中助动词或系动词的缺失或误用;2.强调

4、句型中it或that的误用;3.感叹句中what和how 的误用;4.祈使句中动词原形的误用;5.there be句型中be动词单复数的误用应试 能力点拨特殊句式与语法填空特殊句式与短文改错1.注意分析句式结构,确定为何种特殊句式;2.根据特殊句式的结构特点,填入适当的词遇到特殊句式,要注意倒装句、强调句、省略句、祈使句、感叹句等的构成特点,从而确定错因语法 必备知识考点一考点二 考点一倒装 全部倒装(把全部谓语提到主语之前) Tip1 倒装条件倒装方法以here、there、out、in、up、down、away等副词开头,谓语动词多为be、come、go等,主语是名词副词+谓语+主语以th

5、en、now、thus、such开头,谓语动词多为come、follow、begin、end、be等,主语是名词副词+谓语+主语表地点的介词短语位于句首,且谓语动词为不及物动词,主语是名词介词短语+谓语+主语倒装条件倒装方法表语置于句首,为了保持句子平衡,为表示强调,或利于上下文衔接 +be+主语11 a cat from under the table.一只猫从桌子底下冲出来了。Such was Albert Einstein,a simple but great scientist.这就是爱因斯坦,一个简单又伟大的科学家。In a lecture hall of a university

6、in England .在英国的一所大学的演讲厅里,一位教授坐着。Seated in the first line are some workers.一些工人坐在第一排。 sat a professorOut rushed 部分倒装(助动词/be动词/情态动词提到主语前) Tip2 倒装条件倒装方法only+副词、介词短语或从句位于句首作状语Only+ +助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语+谓语+其他部分13含有否定意义的副词或介词短语(not、never、seldom、little、hardly、by no means、not until、on no condition、in no case、

7、under no circumstances等)位于句首时否定副词或介词短语+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语+谓语+其他部分hardly.when、no sooner. than、not only. but(also)等连接两个分句时,如果hardly、no sooner、not only位于句首,前一个分句用部分倒装,后一个分句不变Hardly/No sooner/Not only+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语+谓语+其他部分+when/than/but(also)+分句so(such). that中的so(such)位于句首时so+adj. /adv.(such+n.)+be动词/助

8、动词/情态动词+主语+谓语+其他部分+that从句so/neither/nor置于句首,意为“也”或“也不”,表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或事物时so/neither/nor+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语as引导让步状语从句时,意为“尽管”,把句中状语、表语或动词提前;若表语是名词,其前不用冠词 +as+主谓结构+主句当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had、were或should时,如将if省略,则要将had、were或should移到主语之前Had/Were/Should+主语+谓语+其他部分+主句 solve this problem.只有这样你才能解决这个问题。Never bef

9、ore have I seen such a moving film.我以前从未看过这么感人的电影。,but also he had to do his homework.他不仅被迫待在家里,还不得不做家庭作业。So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.他英语说得如此清楚以至于他总能使自己被理解。Tom doesnt like bananas,.汤姆不喜欢香蕉,我也不喜欢。Child as/though he is,he knows a lot.尽管他还是个孩子,他懂的却很多。Had

10、I attended the meeting,I would have met him.如果我参加了那个会议,我就能碰到他了。Not only was he forced to stay at homeOnly in this way can youneither/nor do Ithere、here、now、then、up、down、in、away、off、out等副词置于句首,但主语为人称代词时,不用倒装。only修饰主语置于句首时,不能倒装。“so+主语+助动词/be动词/情态动词”表示同意以上观点,不能倒装,此时so表示“的确如此”。当前面两件或两件以上的事也适合于另一人或物时,通常用

11、“so it is with. ”或“it is the same with. ”。neither.,nor. “不,也不”,连接两个并列分句时,这两个并列分句都用倒装结构。though引导让步状语从句时,可以倒装也可以不倒装。although引导让步状语从句时不能倒装。It is likely that babies are not born knowing this basic fact of the universe;nor are they ever clearly taught it. 可能孩子并不是天生就知道宇宙的基本事实,他们也没有被明确地教导过这一点。考点二强调句和其他句型 强

12、调句 Tip1 1.强调句的基本句型是“It is/was+被强调的部分+that/who+其他部分”。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语、状语等。It is at this library that I borrowed these books.我是在这个图书馆借的这些书。2.强调句型的一般疑问句只需将is/was提前,其特殊疑问句的结构是“疑问词+is/was+it+that从句”。Is it Professor Wang who teaches you English?是王教授教你们英语吗? you want me to do?你想要我做什么?3.如果原句中含有“not. until.”,在强

13、调时间状语时,将主句中的否定词not连同状语一起提前。It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was Tina.直到她摘下墨镜,我才意识到她是蒂娜。4.“It is. that. ”结构不能强调谓语动词。如果需要强调谓语动词,则用“do/does/did+动词原形”,以加强语气,意为“的确;真的;务必”。He that he would help me. 他的确说过他会帮我。did sayWhat is it that 省略句式 Tip2 1.在when、while、whenever、till、as

14、soon as、if、unless、as if、though、as等引导的状语从句中,若谓语部分含有be动词,而从句的主语又与主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it时,从句的主语和be动词常被省略。Film has a much shorter history,especially when compared to such art forms as music and painting. 电影有一个更为短暂的历史,尤其是与音乐和绘画等这些艺术形式相比较时。If necessary, we shall send a telegram home.如有必要,我们就往家里打电报。212.不定式中的动词省略

15、,单独使用不定式符号to。(1)不定式中的动词被省略时,其符号to常用在be afraid/glad/happy、expect、forget、hope、intend、like、love、mean、prefer、refuse、seem、try、want、wish等的后面。I asked him to see the film,but he didnt want to.我叫他去看电影,但他不想去。Will you join in the game?你会参加这个比赛吗?Id be glad to.我很高兴(参加)。22(2)如果不定式中含有be、have、have been,通常保留be、have和

16、have been。Are you a sailor?你是一名水手吗?No,but I used to be.不是,但我曾经是。23 祈使句 Tip3 祈使句的常考句式:(1)祈使句+and+简单句,表示“如果就”(2)祈使句+or/otherwise+简单句,表示“否则”Bring the flowers into a warm room and theyll soon open.将花放到暖和的房间里,它们将会很快开放。Dont drive so fast or/otherwise youll have an accident.不要开那么快,否则你会出事的。高考 变式训练A卷全国卷单句填空/

17、单句改错1.(2018全国)I didnt realize how right my parents were I entered high school. 2.(2017全国,短文改错)The instructor kept repeating the words, “Speed up!” “Slow down!” “Turning left!”句意:直到我上高中,我才意识到我的父母是多么正确。这里是考查“not.until.”结构。根据前面的“Speed up!” “Slow down!”可以看出此处是祈使句。祈使句通常以动词原形开头,故将Turning改为Turn。TurningTurn

18、until3.(2014全国大纲,33)(call) me tomorrow and Ill let you know the lab result.4.(2014全国,短文改错)They are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon.该句是“祈使句+and+简单句”的特殊句式。TheyThereCall分析句子结构可知,该句为There be句型,故将They改为There。5.(2013全国大纲,30)It was only after he had read the papers Mr Gross realized t

19、he task before him was extremely difficult to complete.that分析句子结构可知,此处为“Its. that.”强调句型。单句填空/单句改错1.(2019天津,12)The professor warned the students that on no account _they use mobile phones in his class.B卷地方卷shouldon no account“决不”,否定词放在句首,句子应使用部分倒装。2.(2018天津,14) It was only when the car pulled up in f

20、ront of our house _we saw Lily in the passenger seat.3.(2017天津,11)It was when I got back to my apartment I first came across my new neighbors.本句中去掉It was 和空格,结构完整,所以本句是强调句型,强调的是时间状语。thatthat分析句子结构可知,此处为“Its.that.”强调句型。4.(2016天津,13)You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel _the coach picks

21、 up tourists.5.(2016江苏,34)Not until recently (do) they encourage the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.not until放在句首时,句子要用部分倒装。根据副词recently可知,动作发生在过去,用一般过去时,故将助动词did提前。didthat分析句子结构可知,本句是一个强调句型,强调的是地点状语,空格处应填that。6.(2015湖南,31)Always (keep) in mind that your main task is to

22、 get this company running smoothly. 7.(2015天津,13)Only when Lily walked into the office (do) she realize that she had left the contract at home.“only+状语”位于句首表示强调时,主句要用部分倒装。根据时间状语从句when Lily walked into the office可知,此处要用一般过去时,故将助动词did提前。didkeep分析句子结构可知,该句为祈使句,故用动词原形keep。8.(2015重庆,9)Bach died in 1750,b

23、ut it was not until the early 19th century his musical gift was fully recognized.9.(2014湖南,33)Its not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do makes life happy.分析句子结构可知,本句为强调句型。当被强调部分不是指人的时候,只能使用that。thatthat分析句子结构可知,本句是一个强调句型,被强调部分是not until the early 19th century,故填that。10.(2014福建,32)(be)there no modern munications,we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.11.(2014湖北,完成句子)The Public Square is an eye-catching sight of the city. There (stand) many stone sculptures of famous historical figures.本句是一个全部倒装句,当副词there位于句首,且主语是名词时,要把谓语动词移到主语的前面,形成全部倒