从《西风颂》看英国积极浪漫主义的特征

1、从?西风颂?看英国积极浪漫主义的特征abstratthereareanydainsresearhabutrantiis.hereas,theresearhabutbritishpsitiverantiisislittle.thepsitiverantiishasitsrearkableharateristisinthevariusuntries.theenglishpsitiverantiispushedtherantiisliteraturetthehightide.shelleysdettheestindisnefthebestrksfpsitiverantiisfbritain.this

2、thesisainlyanalyzesthebakgrundfdettheestind,andthefeaturesfpsitiverantiis.thisthesisappreiatesdettheestindinvariusaysbyanalyzingthesubjetivis,theplitiallyriis,idealis.thisthesisalsillustratesthefeaturesfhuanbeingadiratinfrnature.bththestylefthispeandtheritingaysfthepeexpressthebritishpsitiverantiish

3、arateristisvividly.keyrdsdettheestind;british;psitiverantiis摘要文学的研究有很多领域，对浪漫主义的研究也有很多，但是把积极浪漫主义独立起来研究却很少。积极浪漫主义的特征在各国国家都有其显著的鲜明的特征。在英国积极浪漫主义诗人用积极浪漫主义文学把浪漫主义文学推到了高潮。雪莱的?西风颂?是英国积极浪漫主义的优秀作品,该论文通过对?西风颂?创作背景及积极浪漫主义的定义分析；及对该诗歌特征的赏析，充分地展现了积极浪漫主义主观性、政治抒情性、理想性。该论文也表现了崇尚自然热爱自然等特点。又从诗歌的创作风格、写作方法等特征都把英国乃至整个欧洲的积

4、极浪漫主义的特征表现的淋淋尽至。关键词西风颂;英国;积极浪漫主义;intrdutintherantiisisftenregardedasaniprtantbranhfliterature.itpletelyanifestedthesialharateristifbritishatthatfixedperid,andexpressedthesietysrequestthrughliterature.therefre,thelserelatinbeteenliteratureandsietyasfullydisplayed.therantiisdevelpedextreelyfastinbriti

5、sh.theessenefrantiisrefletedpresentsituatinandtheneedsfsiety.rever,psitiverantiisinbritainhasanifestedthedifferentfpsitiverantiisharateristi.therefre,thepsitiverantiisalsrefletedtheulturefbritishin19thentury.petryisaneffetiveaytexpresspsitiverantiis.inrdertbetterunderstandthepsitiverantiis,itisneess

6、arytrealizethesuperfiialeaningandthedeepeaningthatthepetryexpress.dettheestindasnefthefausrkftheenglishpsitiverantiisatthatfixedperid,itanifesttheenglishpsitiverantiisinvariuskindsfays.itanbefundthatdettheestindisnludedithtriuphantandhpefulind.thispehasadeepinfluenenhisgeneratinandalsthangedthevalue

7、fhispeple.i.thedefinitinfrantiisandpsitiverantiisattheearly19thentury,pan-eurpeanveenttkplaeinartandphilsphy.theterderivesfrtheranesftheiddleages,helate18thentury,itbeganteananti-lassialisanditalsrepresentedatrendtardsthepituresqueandthegthi,nstalgia,ysteryanddr

8、aatilve.e.g.alple,bekfrdandfuseli.bytheearly19thentury,ithadbeenbradenedinanyaspets,suhasenthusias,theredisveryftheartistasasupreelyindividualreatr,thedevelpentfnatinalistipride,andtheexaltatinfthesensesandetinsverreasnandintellet.inadditin,rantiisisaphilsphialrevltagainstratinalisandintellet.thisbr

9、eadthfeaninghasledtthedefinitinfrantiisasafeelingandverylittleelse.inbritain,theterrefersthisliteraryandartistiveentfthelate18thandearly19thentury.rantiisrejetedtheearlierphilsphyftheenlightenent,hihstressedthatlgiandreasnerethebestrespnsehuanhadinthefaefruelty,stupidity,superstitin,andbarbaris.inst

10、ead,therantisassertedthatrelianeupnetinandnaturalpassinsprvidedrantiveenttypiallyassertstheuniquenatureftheindividual,theprivilegedstatusfiaginatinandfany,thevaluefspntaneityver“artifieand“nventin,thehuanneedfretinalutlets,therejetinfivilizedrruptin,andadesiretreturntnaturalpriitivisandesapethespiri

11、tualdestrutinfurbanlife.theirritingsareftensetinruralrgthisettingsandtheyshanbsessivenernith“innentharaters-hildren,yunglvers,andanials.theajrrantipetsinludedilliablake,illiardsrth,jhnkeats,perybyssheshelley,andlrdgrdnbyrn.artistiandintelletualveentthatriginatedinthelate18thenturyandstressedstrngeti

12、n,iaginatin,freedfrlassialrretnessinartfrs,andrebellinagainstsialnventins.rantiis,attituderintelletualrientatinthatharaterizedanyrksfliterature,painting,usi,arhiteture,ritiis,andhistrigraphyinesternivilizatinveraperidfrthelate18thttheid-19thentury.rantiisanberegardasarejetinfthepreeptsfrder,al,harny

13、,balane,idealizatin,andratinalitythattypifiedlassiisingeneralandlate18th-enturynelassiisinpartiular.tseextent,itisalsreatinagainsttheenlightenentandagainst18th-enturyratinalisandphysialaterialisingeneral.rantiisephasizestheindividual,thesubjetive,theirratinal,theiaginative,thepersnal,thespntaneus,th

14、eetinal,thevisinary,andsn.paredithpassiverantiis,psitiverantiisstrengthenstheillfen,andarusestherebellinagainstrealityandanyelse.psitiverantiisisthatelebratedtheperfindividualselftreatearldrtraiseitspartiularnditins.ii.thebakgrundfrantiisandpsitiverantiisrantiisasnefthetrendsfliteraryandartistithugh

15、t,prduesiththe18thentury,atthebeginningf19enturieseurpeburgeisrevlutintie.in18thenturyfranesenlightenentidealisadvatedfreedfthught,eanipatinfansindividualharaterandreturningtthenature,he19thenturyeurpevariusuntrieslabrveentan

16、dtherevlutinaryveentsareblustery.therkinglassinenglandstrivedfrtheirnrightstsubsistene,thesaeburgeisielaunhestheheristruggle,tkfaliteratureperfranereallifeiprtantethds,itiththetierevlutindassiatedprdutinrevlutinliterature,therevlutinaryliteratureandtherantiisuninhasfredthepsitiverantiis.byrnandshell

17、eyarerepresentativesfrbritishpsitiverantiis.iii.thebakgrundfshelleyanddettheestinda.thebakgrundfshelleyperybyssheshelley(17921822),englandsgreatestlyripet,aefrafailyfseiprtaneandper.hisfatherassussexuntygentleanandahigeberfparliaent;hisgrand-farther,hbeaeabarnet,hadaassedagreatfrtune.shelley,theldes

18、tsn,ardinglygreupiththeprspetfbeingaanfealthandtitle.atetn,heprvedagdlassialshlar,butasntveryhappy,frheasbynaturerevlutinaryandunnventinal.heasknnas“adshellyandastrny,andtheexitingexperientshenduted,gaverisetanystries.theperseutinshihheenduredanditnessedatshlgavehialifelngdetestatinftyrannyandvilene

19、.shelleyenttxfrdfullfplansandideasfrhangingthesystefsiety.beingnvinedthatreligiusfaithsereharfultanshappiness,heandhisfriendt.j.hgghputfrthasallstudyinlgi,alledtheneessityfaltheis,hihasbjetedbythexfrdauthrities,hever,shellyandhggdelinedtdisusstheatter.asaresulttheyeresentff.itasadisasterfrabyat18,fr

20、helstavaluableeduatinatxfrd.hefellutithhisfatherandbeaeaan-darer.thughheuldeventuallyinheritafrtune,hehadnreadyney.henheas19,heelpedithharrietestbrk,agirlf16hhesarelykne.frthenn,shelly,alaysfullfshees,entnaquixtiexpeditintredresstherngsftheirish;frlynuthshrtlyafterardshedistributedaseditiuspaphletal

21、ledtherightsfan,satteringsepiesbyballnandputtingthersintbttlesandthringtheintthesea.in1813heprintedandpublishedextrardinarype,queenabprivatelyhihexpressedhisbeliefinanegldenage.inhisglrifiatinfrevlutinaryideas,shelleyhadsughtutilliagdin,authrfplitialjustie,hhadarriedaryllstneraft,authrftherightsfen.

22、hisarriageithharrietprvedapletefailure;shellyelpedithgdins15-year-lddaughterary.butthatyearharrietasfunddrnedintheserpentineandherthildrenbyshellybeaethesubjetfalasuit.frshelley,heasntnlydeeplyshkedbythetragedybutalssufferedthebitternessflsinghishildren.hever,thelifehadtgn.tgetridfslitude,hearriedar

23、ygdinlateratarl,nthethaes.there,in1816,herteablatr,rthespiritfslitude,thefirstlngpetshhistruegenius.nextyearhertealngiaginativepenlibertyandlve,therevltfisla,hihntainedanyfinepassagesfdesriptinandnarrativeandasinspiredbythefrenhrevlutin.atthattie,shellyhadbeeafriendfleighhuntandpeakandhadetkeats.fin

24、allyin1818,tesapeprejudieandinsult,andalsgdinsnstantdeandsfrney,hisbeliefhepsedhispretheusunbund,enjyedfritsinparableusi,itslrandstry,asellasbeauseitntain

25、edshellysnblestideas.tthisperid,t,hertehislinesintheeugeniahillsandjulianandaddal,anautbigraphialpebasednahappyvisittbyrninvenieh.eanhileshellyrtehisfinestlyri,suhasthelud,theskylark,thedettheestindandsn.theusiandintensityshedthatshellyasenteringnanestagefpersnalandiaginativegreatness.b.thebakgrundf

26、dettheestindthepeaspsedin1819heneurpeanlabrveentandtherevlutinaryveentsurged.tfightfrtheirright,britishrkinglassbegantstruggleiththeburgeisie.ataugustfthatyear,80,000rkersinanhesterheldaassivedenstratin.furse,thereatinaryauthritieshaddispathedtrpstsuppress.thatasell-knnasthebideileiassare.frshelleya

27、sinfavrfbritishrevlutin,heasexpelledfrtheunitedkingd.thenheaetitaly,heetkeats,hadadegreatinfluenetshelleyaltnrevlutinaryause.frtheabve;eanseethatinbritainthereasnfreed.dettheestindisthestrepresentativefshelleysfeelingsandthughtsatthattie.itisaixturefdeathandrebirth.shelleyisnernediththeregeneratinfh

28、hefirstthreestanzas,thedynaifreftheestindisanifestedinitsperntheland,intheair,hefurthstanzashelleyishesthatheerealeaf,alud,andaave,sthatheuldfeeltheperfthe

29、estind;butheisaarefhisageandhissufferingsinlife,hihhavebenthidn.finally,heappealsttheind,theindfaspiratinandhange,treinvigratehiandtgivefreandpersuasivenessthispetry.iv.thefeaturesfpsitiverantiisindettheestinda.enthusiastherantiishastbigbranheshiharethenegativerantiisandthepsitiverantiis.taertainext

30、entthepsitiverantiishasitspsitiveharateristiasthenaesuggests.thepsitiverantiisstlyanifestsinthepsitiverantiispetdarestfaethereality,ritiquesietysdarkness,isspearheadedatthefeudalaristray,ppsedintheapitalistsietysurvivesthefeudalfatr,siultaneuslyallsrtsfevilphenennhihreatestburgeisieitselfalshastheex

31、psitin,thusthefillrevlt,thefightfervr,illsendideallyinthefuture,hispe,shelleyantstreateanefreeuntry.hetalksfthe“editerraneanandthe“hedrea,thereaderfindsthesealying“besideapuieisleinbaizesbayquiveringithintheavesintenserday.shelleyiplantstheideasfvlaniththerd“p

32、uie.the“ldpalaesandterstirvividiagefanientreandgreeeinreadersind.shelleyalsusestheseiagesintheseasdreatshthatthenaturalrldandthehuansialandplitialrldareparallel.b.subjetivisinthepetheestindisnterelytheindfthenature,thesubjethihistheunter-apitalisunter-ldinfluene,insteadfregardingpetryas“ainrtnaturet

33、hesurefhihisintheuterrld,rantipetsdesribepetryas“thespntaneusverflfperfulfellinghihexpressthepetsind.indettheestind,perybyssheshelleytriestgaintransendene,frheshshisthughts,liketheingedseedstrapped.theestindatsasadrivingfrefrhangeandrejuvenatininthehuanandnaturalrld.shelleyviesinterntjustaslastphase

34、fvegetatinbutasthelastphaseflifeintheindividual,theiaginatin,ivilizatinandreligin.shelleylksfrardtfreed.frthis“ingedseedsitpresentsiagefflyingandfreed.theiprtantrdis“seedsfrithihshsthatevenindeath,nelifeillgrutf“gravethephrase“ingedseedsalsbringsiagesfreligins,angelsrsulshihanreatenelifentinuusly.he

35、avenlyiagesarenfiredbyhisuseftherd“azurehihisalsdefinedbesidestheeaningfbluesky,inebstersditinary,asan“unludedvaultftheheaven,therd“azureisnnetediththerd“spring,andithelpsshshelleysviefrejuvenatin.inadditin,therd“springalseanstriseupexeptbeingaliteraryetaphrfrrebirth.inlinenine,shelleyusessftsunding

36、phrasestuniatetheblingftheind,thistiereutsasanintrdutinandfreshadfhatistelater.shelleygesnttalkftheindasa“destryerandpreserver.theindisalsapersnthattreatefreed.frthiseanseethat“indisaperhihandestrythelddayandreatenelife.therefre,dettheestindisasngfrevlutinatthattie.idealisandiaginatinjustlikegrkypin

37、tedut“therantiisisned,itplexreverthrughuthanyfuzzilyrefletedatuallyisveringtransitintiesietysallfeelingsandthedlr,but,itsainkeyistnethingantiipatin.therantiisrefersttheappearaneardingtthepeple,thrughthelifephenennidealizatindesriptin,andthedisplaysertainsialpsyhlgyandtheetinreatinethd.therantiisidea

38、ldisplaysintheharateriageldaretherantiishihisbasednthebasisftheidealizedpriniple,thrughtheunrealplt,inaspeialenvirnent,exertsneselfinthedesriptinidealtheharateriage.theseharatersftenhavetheunusualsuperhuansralharater,hispeeanseethatshelleyantst

39、establishanefreesiety.“driveydeadthughtsvertheinantatinfthisverse;likeither，dleavestquikenanebirth,and“ifinteres,anspringbefarbehind.itisbviusthatshelleyislkingfrardtnethughtsandnesiety.nbehalffthepsitivefranti,shellyantseethefuturefsialis,buthealsantesapetheirlefidealsialis.itakesantherfeaturefpsit

40、ivefrantiidealis.desthepetdesribehattheyillreateinthispe?d.plitialtendentiusnessjudgingfrthebakgrundfthepsitiverantiis,thepsitiverantiisusthaveertainharateristibelngedtthatera.plitialtendentiusnessisthepsitiverantiistthattierefletinandtheprtrayal.frdettheestindeanfeeltheintensefplitialtendentiusness

41、,theestindis“destryerandpreserver,theestindleansthesehih“yell,andblakandpale,andhetiredheartless.theestind“thunhsestrea,idthesteepshy，stin.theestindisntthenatureind.itistherevlutinind,theindagainstburgeisie,andagainsttheperffeudal.e.etinandnaturetherantiispetspetrystlyriginatesfrthenature.naturefrth

42、erantiistsestthefrefrntfthepetiiaginatin.natureisntnlytheajrsurefpetiiagery,butprvidesthedinantsubjetatter.rdsrthneivesfnatureas“thenurse,theguideandguardianfyheartandsul.naturettherantiistsisasurefleanlinessandspiritualunderstanding;itisateaher;itisthestepping-stnebeteenanandgd,srantipetsstlytakede

43、sribingthenatureteulgizethenatureasthesubjet.thepsitiverantiispethasntdisardedthisharateristi.ardingtshelleysaid“theideafritingthisfirstpeisbasially.inflrenearnuxriverbankds,saedaytheteperatureisgenial,fresh,butthisstrisgatheringtheisture,undertheinlinetheautunrain.frthisthepethasfelttheildesterlyin

44、d,andlifefthefallbreath.thenthepetrteesterlyindnlybeausefthisreal,andtheagnifientsight.frthepeitisanbeseenthatshelleyaseulgytheestind,butheasntjustasingers,herepresentstakingtheesterlyindasthetpi,takingthesubjetinthenature,andthisisfullfthefervrthepetipsitin,seletsaseneinthisisnaturallytherantiisuni

45、versalharateristialsisthepsitiverantiisharateristi,desbeisane?hispeshelleydesribedthehangefthefall.thepetreatesriginatingfrtheitalianflrenessuburb.ispreiselybeausethepetisgdatbservingthenature,nlythenhadthislassialpetry.ther

46、antiisritersalladvatethenature.isnaturallytheyexpressthefeelingsthenaturearry.therantiisrkisftenexpressedthefeelings,andauthrsetinpuringutsiftlyithreveals.thepsitiverantiisisreradial,therefrethesentientexpressesintensely.shelleyhasalsdisplayedthisharateristiindettheestind.thispestartsfrtheeulgyester

47、lyind,infurthstanza“ifiereadeadlevelthuightiestbear;ifiereasiftludtflyiththeethepetparesneselftthersbytheesterlyind.thepetexpressedthepetthedeeplveandyearnedfrthenaturethrughtheesterlyind.heusedtheesterlyindturgenneself,expressedthefreepursuit,iththehpetestablishhappyrld.f.synretisiththerartfrthispe

48、,itanbefundthatverystrangerhye,beauseshelleyusethetetrzaria.itisathreelineunitateret.rhyingaba,the“brhyeisarriedintnextteret,bb,eahstanzashasfurteretsfinterlkingrhyeandendsinaupletusingtheiddlerhyefthelastteret.thustherhyesheesareaba,d,dedandgn.itakestherhyeveryheerful,anditalsenablesthepeandhasthev

49、erystrngrhyth,andhighlighttheusiality.itisjustthesaeasdantesdivineedy.frthispe,italsanbefundthatthebeautyfusifrtheestind,“akethylyre,evenasthefrestis.theaelianharpgivesusialsundsastheindblsthrughit.herethefrestisparedttheaelianharplyre,andthepetpraysthathealsaybetheaelianharpsthatheuldfeeltheperfthe

50、estind.itakesthesundfestindrevividandakesthepereusial.g.theritingstyletheritingstylefthepeeffiientlyrefletsthefeaturesfpsitiverantiis.a.thefreeritingstyletherearedifferenesbeteenritingtehniquesfrantiisandliteraturebefreit.instyle,therantipetsareprefertbldnessverthepreedingagesdesirefrrestraint,axius

51、uggestivenessverthenelassialidealflarity,freeexperientatinverthe“rulesfpsitin,genre,andderu,andtheyprtedtheneptinftheartistas“inspiredreatrverthatlassiisliteraturehihstikstldaysequally,nstrainstheindividuality,anditisntliketherealisliteraturesaelanguagetenuragesharply,butispursuestheindividualitylib

52、eratinreatinabslutelyfree,thepetryaspetisnttrakingdntraditinalthefr.displaysintherantiisliteraturereatinanyandvariedreatinstyle.first,rantiisisgdatusingthetehniquefexaggeratingsybl.italslikesutilizingtheagnifientliteraryflurishes,intherkfillsthevividrihanalgy,ausesbeautifulandugly,friendlyandfrsthes

53、harpntrastandthestrikingparisnikedly.thepsitiverantiishaspletelyinheritedtheseharateristisfrantiis,andthelanguageevenreenurages.in19th,anypetslikeritingpe.peisthebesthiefranypsitiverantipets.frexaple，thestfausrkfbyrnisdnjuan,thestfauspefkeatsisdetanightingale.beausepeanexpresstheirfeelingsanditisnek

54、indfartlanguage,thepeisnekindfarthihistthesulandttheexplratin.thepeanexpresstheinnersul.itanakethedistanebeteenthehuanandthepetrylser.italsanfrthesypathetihrd,andreahtheeffetfbeautifulenjyent.thepeisnekindfreativity.itdesntstpusingthelanguagetreateinnerrld.astheenergetiveent,itistheaytliberateinnerf

55、eelings,sitindiatesantherrld.thepeissuppsedtberevlutinaryandtieliness.setiesitisindrerd,hihisbasednthebakgrundftie.thepeisinthefrfrhythi,stheartistieffetisverybvius.allftheseareexpressedbythepsitivepets.b.thefeaturefthepesrdsrantiisisdifferentfrtherealisandtherliterature,therdsfrantiliteraturearever

56、yflery,hispethefeaturefthelanguagegrgeusainlydisplaysinthestrngsentientallrandthebrightdeeanr.frexaple,henthepetritestheleaves,heusesthe“yell,blak,pale,hetired,andhenheritestheindthereareanyplaesusingtherd“hear,hihexpressthatanytiethepetants

57、takethehearingandthevisinunifytaketherdrevivid.therdsfthispeexpressintensesuns,frexaple,“pestilene-strikenultitudes,ithlivinghuesanddrsplainandhill,fthehrizntthezenithsheight,likerithersleavestquikenanebirth.ifinteres,anspringbefarbehind?h.rhetrideviea.hyperbleinthispe,shelleyusedanyhyperbles.hyperb

58、leintherrdsisexaggeratin.itputsapitureintthereadersind.hyperbleisfrequentlyusedinhurusritings.hyperbleisninhuruspetry,hispethehyperbleisusedlearly;petsthughtshangeveryfast.setiesitaybeinthesky,butsetiesitisintheediterranean.b.th

59、esybldevieintherantipetsviethesyblisaesthetirrelativesfnaturesebleatilanguage.therearegreatvaluesbeausetheyuldsiultaneuslysuggestanytings,andtheyareregardasbeingsuperirtthenetneuniatinsfallegry.partly,itayhavebeenthedesiretexpressthe“inexpressibletheinfinitethrughtheavailableresuresflanguagethatledtsyblatnelevelandyth(assyblinarrative)atanther.dettheestindusedthesybldevie,theentirefirstpesurrundstheautunesterlyindtriteanessayfrthebeginningtend,regardlessfisdesr