八年级英语下册知识点归纳(牛津英语)

1、8B Unit 1 Past and presentpast n. 意为“过去in the past 过去(过去时)in the past fewyears在过去的几年中present n. 现在，目前 at present 目前n.礼物in the future 未来；将来Comic strip & Welcome to the unitIt was in the bowl an hour ago 个小时之前在碗里的an hour ago小时前in the bowl 在碗里Ive just eaten it.我刚才把它吃了。( eat-ate-eaten )just adv. 意为“刚才”常

2、与完成时连用。他们刚刚到达。They have justarrived.注意：just now 意为“刚才”，相当于 a moment ago”通常与一般过去时连用。我刚才去了图书馆。I went to the library just now .You used to share food with me!你过去常与我分享食物！used to do sth. 意为“过去常常做某事”，表示过去的习惯。本身已是过去时 态，没有人称和数的变化，暗含现在已不再如此。1)他的父母过去住在乡下。 His pare2nts used to live in the countryside.Tom 过去常常早

3、起，不是吗 Tom used to get up early, didnt he/ usednt hebe used to doing sth.习惯于做某事My father is used to reading newspapers after dinner.be used to do 被用来做 A pen is used to write with.笔是用来写的。share sth. with sb.和.分享You used to be so kind to me.你过去对我那么好。be kind to sb. 对友好go to school by bike = ride a bike t

4、o school骑自行车去学校It took a long time to wait for the next one.等下一辆公共汽车要花费很长时间。wait for the next one 等下辆车go to school by bus= take a bus to school= go to school on the bus乘公交车去学校Readingknow sunshine town very well对阳光镇很了解know very well 非常了解since I was born 自我出生以来 be born 出生 since 引导原因状语 从句，不可与so连用。move

5、house 搬家live in the northern part of town住在城镇的北部south 南方southern 南部的 east 东部eastern 东部的 we st western north northernto the north of在北面（范围之外）in the north of在北部（范围之内）on the north of 在d匕边（接壤）Our school is to the north of the times supermarket .我们学校在时代超市北面。Beijing is in the north of China.北京在中国北部。Shando

6、ng is on the north of Jiangsu.山东位于江苏 d匕面。When I got married in 1965, my wife and I moved two blocks away and we velived in this area since then.get married 结婚 get married to sb.= marry sb.= be married to sb.和某人结婚marry sb. to sb.把某人嫁给某人since then 从那以后move two blocks away 搬至口两个街区以夕卜change a lot改变许多ove

7、r the years 在这些年期间(现在完成时)in the town centre= in the centre of the town在镇中心turninto把变成Heat turns water into vapor 盯间.热使水变成蒸气。 Turn this sentence into English.turn on 打开 turn off 关 turn up 调高 turn down 调低 turn around 转身by turns 轮流地 in turn 依次 turn in 上交 It s one s turn to do sth.a steel factory 一家钢铁厂w

8、ater pollution 水污染 air pollution 空气污染 noise pollution噪音污染put the waste into the river把废料扔进河 put away 收好 put on 穿上put off 推迟/延期realize the problem 意识到问题take action to improve the situation采取行动改善情况20. muchcleaner干净得多in some ways 在某种程度上 in this way 以这种方式 on the way (to ) 在的路上by the way 顺便说下 no way 没门 i

9、n any way无论如何have a beautiful modern town拥有一个美丽现代化的城镇most of my old friends我的大多数老朋友away 搬走It has become impossible for us to see each other as often as before.It is necessary for us to study English hard.It is kind ofyou tohelp us.若形容词是描述行为者的性格、品质的，如kind , good, nice , clever , careless , polite , f

10、oolish 等，用 of sb.。若形容词仅仅是描述事物 ，用 for sb. , difficult , easy , hard , important , dangerous, （im） possible 等。see each other as often as before 和过去样频繁 的见到彼此play cards and Chinese chess 打牌，下中国象棋feel a bit lonely from time to time有时感至 U有点孤feel a bit lonely 感至有电孤单from time to time=at times=sometimes有时a b

11、it和a little “稍微”、“有点”，修饰形容词、副词。在肯定句中可 以互换.a little直接修饰不可数名词；而a bit修饰名词时，其后须加上 of,构成“a bit of+n. ” 结构。例如：He knows a bit of French.a bit和a little的否定式意义正好相反。not a bit=not at all,意为“毫不”；而 not a little=very much,意为“非常”，“很。例如：He is not a bit tired.他一点不累。He is not a little tired.他很累。a few/few用在复数可数名词之前，lit

12、tle/a little用在不可数名词之前。He took a few biscuits. （肯定）He took few biscuits（否定）He took a little butter. （肯定）He took little butter. （否定）the amazing changes令人惊奇的改变because of being alone 因为独自一人.lonely, alone 的区别:lonely 作表语，表示心灵内部的孤独寂寞,lonely 修饰地点时，意：“荒凉的, 偏僻的”。alone 指单独、独自的意思，作表语。例如：Heis alone, but he never

13、 feels lonely.30. a group of buildings with streets on all sides街道两边全是高楼31.all one s life 一生Grammar32. repair over ten bicycles修十多辆自行车changes in Beijing 北京的变化34. over the past century 上个世纪期间more about更多了解关于36 hear about/of 听说 hear from sb.收到某人来信37. plan to do sth.计划做某事Integrated skills38. clean and

14、fresh air 干净新鲜空气condition居住环境40. railway station 乘公交进出城镇火车站41. travel to and from the town by bus42. another big change另一个大变化 43. move into new flats搬进新的公寓 move out of搬出return from the USA 从美国回来return sth. to sb. 把某物归还给某人go abroad 出国，去国外at home or abroad 在国内外at primary school 在小学 in touch with each

15、other 互 相保持联络by email 通过电子邮件交流communication much easier 使沟通更容易 communicate with sb. 和某人保持联 系Study Skillsbe/get used to （doing） sth 习惯于（干）某事get used to the changesof life 习惯了生活的变化take place 发生（有目的有计划的） 、举行happen 发生 （偶然发生 ）green hills all around 到处都是绿山a river runs through the centre of town 一条小河穿过镇中心o

16、n one s own = by oneself = alone 独自Task55、throw rubbish 扔垃圾在一些大的开阔的地方56、in some large open spaces57、 in their free time在镇里转转在他们业余时间58、travel around the town59、have their own cars= have cars of their own有他们自己的汽车and dirty roads又窄又脏的公路and clean streets宽阔而干净的街道trees on both sides 两边绿树a comfortable life享

17、受舒服的生活Unit 2 TravellingComic strip & Welcome to the unit词组:go to sp for a/one s holiday 去某地度假 be on holiday 在度假go to South Hill for my holidayhave been to sp去过某地（已经回来）Have you ever been to Beijing 你曾经去过北京吗have gone to sp 去了某地 （还没回来） 上海He has gone to Shanghai 已经去了3.join sb in doing sth加入某人去做某事join us

18、/you4.get ready for sth.为做好准备get ready to do sth.5.I am getting all my things. 我正在收拾东西。6.take the bag 拿上包 take sth. with sb.随身携带7.I don t think it ll be a holiday for me.I don t think it sa good idea.the capital of 的首都这本书有什么特别的What s special about this book10. come from a storyby sb来自某人写的一个故事11. pla

19、ce of interest interest in Nanjing名胜Can you tell me some places ofbe interested in对感兴趣I am interested in Chinese.Reading 词组:see each other 互相见面miss sb. very much非常想念某人miss v. 1）思念；想念 When I studied in USA , I miss my parents very much.错过，没赶上 Hurry up, or you will miss the bus.n. 小姐，后接 姓氏时，常常大写This i

20、s myEnglish teacher, Missli.I have been in Hong Kong for two months . 我来香港已经两个月了。have a fantastic/good/nice/wonderful time=have fun=enjoy oneself玩得愉快spend the whole day at Disneyland 在迪斯尼度过一整天all the people所有的人spend v 1） 度过 I spent my winter holiday in Hainan.花费 spend + 时间/金钱on + 东西spend +时间/金钱（in）

21、doing somethingI spent an hour on my homework yesterday. I spent an hour in doing my homework yesterday.We got to the park by underground.get to sp.=reach sp.=arrive at/in sp.至U达某地（没有目 的地只用 arrive ）on Space Mountain 在太空山 an indoor roller coaster一个室内过山车It moved at high speed and was really exciting.m

22、oveat high speed高速运行（ speed 一 过去时 speeded/ sped- 过去分词speeded/sped ）speed n. 速度短语： at the speed of 以的速度It moves at the speed of fifty kilometers an hour.它以每/J、时五十公里的速度移动。全程都在尖叫大笑through the ridePlease drive at a safe speed.请以安全的速度行驶。scream and laugh through the ride在行程中hurry to a restaurant to have a

23、 quick meal（动词）hurry to sp/ go to sp in a hurry（名词）in a hurry 在匆忙之中hurry to do sth=be in a hurry to do sth.=do sth. in a hurry=do sth. hurriedly 匆忙做某事On the way 在路上 on the way to +地点 在去的路上on one s way to + 地点 在某人去的路注意：遇到home/here/there等地点副词时省略toI met an old friend on my way home.在回家的路上我遥至U 了个老朋友。suc

24、h as/for example 例如For example , twice two is equal to four. 例如，二加二等于四。Sally likes fruits very much, such as apples, oranges and strawberries.a parade of Disney characters迪士尼人物的游行later in the afternoon=in the late afternoon下午迟些时候the best part of the day 这天最好部分run after sb.追赶某人can t stop doing =can t

25、 help doing禁不住做某事When he listened to the story, Jim couldn t help laughing.听这个故事时,吉姆忍不住笑了。Stop to do something停下来去做另一件事Stop doing something 停止正在做的Please stop to listen to the teacher.请停下来听老师讲。The students stopped talking and laughing when they saw the teacher.take photos 拍照 cant stop taking photos不停

26、地拍照片be like magic 像魔法一样magic n. 魔术喜欢刘谦的魔术吗Doyou like Liu Qian s magic 你magical adj魔法的；有魔力的；迷人的 The world is full of magicalthings.We could even smell the apple pie and feel the wind.我们甚至能闻至 口苹果派的香味，感觉风在吹。感官动词 smell/feel/sound/taste/look + 形容词The flowers smell wonderful. The food tastes good.go shopp

27、ing=do some shopping 买东西buy sb. sth./ buy sth. for sb.为某人买couple n. 两人，两件事物，几个人；几件事物a couple of = a pair of 双； 对a couple of key rings对钥匙环The couple arrived at the party very early. We met in Moscowa couple of weeks ago.near/at the end of将近 / 在结束的时候in the end=finally最后by the end of 至h 为止watch the fir

28、eworks in front of在前面观看焰火during your stay there （ 名词）在你待在那期间stay at home （ 动词）待在家let me have a look at sth.让我看一下某物Here s one for you.这个是送给你的。Gramma 词组：1. 去某地开会 go to sp to attend a meeting 2. 参力口会议 attend a meeting 3. 在沙滩上玩 play on the sand4.顺便说一下 by the way 5.邀请某人去野餐 invite sb to go for a picnic去野餐

29、 go for a picnic /have a picnic电影已经开始 20 分钟了。 The film has been on for 20 minutes.游行结束好几小时了。The parade has been over for hours.Kitty来香港两天了。Kitty has been in Hongkong for two days.自从上周二他就离开家了。He has been away from home since last Tuesday.这本书我已经借了好几天了。 I have kept this book with me for a few days. (不能

30、用borrow)Simon 自从去年就加入足球俱乐部了。Simon has been in / a membeof the Football Club since last year.他们结婚 15 年了。They have been married for 15 years.这些鱼死了有段时间了。These fish have been dead for some time.on the first day of the winter holiday在寒假第一天Integrated skills 词组:2.中 国园林 Chinese gardens4.海滨城市 seaside cities提

31、些在中国旅游的建议 give someadvice on1. 旅行的地方 places for traveling 3. 自然景观 places of natural beauty5.主题公园 theme parks 6. travelling in China. 全年去那儿 go there all year round(during the whole year)在任何季节 in any seasonon cold and snowy days.在寒冷的雪天爬山是The best time to go there is in spring and.水上运动 water sports 9.i

32、s dangerous to climb mountains危险的。.去那最好的时节是在春天或秋天autumn. 可能会下雨。 There may be some rain. / It may be rainy. / It may rain.在一年的那个时刻 at that time of year.有一些关于五一节的计划 have some plans for the May Day holiday. 去某地 出差 go to sp on business.乘直达航班去某地take a direct flight to sp.坐飞机去成都要多久 How long does it take t

33、o fly to Chengdu.跟我爸爸给你核实一下 check it for you with my dad补充知识点:看到某人正在沙滩上玩see sb. playing on the sandsee somebody doing sth看到某人正在做see somebody do sth看到某人做某事的过程或经常看到某人做某事I saw him working in the garden yesterday. Jim often sees Mary help others.play on the sand 在沙滩上玩die v 死亡 His grandfather died last w

34、eek.death n 死亡 He cried after knowing his grandfather s death.dying 动词现在分词；形容词 奄奄一息的，垂死的His grandfather is dying. 他的爷爷快过世了。dead 形容词 死的 His grandfather has been dead for three years.1）Except 与 besides都可表示“除外”，但besides 表示一种累加关系，意指 “除了什么之外，还有”；而except则表示一种排除关系，意指“除了什么之外，不再有”。如：Besides his wife ， his da

35、ughter also went to see him. 除他妻子外，他女儿也 TOC o 1-5 h z 去看过他（ 即妻子女儿都去看过他） 。Nobody went to see him except his wife. 除他妻子外，没有一个人看过他（ 即只有他妻子去看过他） 。关于 except 与 except for ：except主要用来谈论同类的东西，而 except for是除了因为；要不是；除去一点外的意思，表示对一个人或事物，先做一个整体评价，然后再就局部提出 一点看法 。即一部分被肯定, 另一部分被否定, 这就是所谓的 排除否定式 。其判别标志是 : 除去的与保留的 不是

36、同类项 。除了你的作文外，其他的作All compositions are well written except yours. 文都写得很好。他的作文写得His composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes. 不错，只是有几处拼写错误。4： in front of （ 在某物外部的前面） There are two trees in front of the classroom.in the front of （在某物内部的前面） There are a teacher s desk in the frontof the cla

37、ssroom.Task.1. 动身去机场leave for the airport动身去某地，前往某地leave for sp在一大早 in the early morning坐飞机去香港花了我们三个半小时。It took us three and a half hours to fly to Hongkong.爱看有趣的迪士尼人物游行 love watching the interesting parade of Disney characters看海豚表演 watch the dolphin show 6.看鸟表演 watch the bird show.给我们的亲戚们买了很多礼物 buy

38、 a lot of presents for our relatives. 吃了一顿美食 have a delicious meal. 我希望有一天我能再次来这儿玩I hope I can visit it again some day.坐飞机去某地 take a plane to sp / take a flight to spgo to sp by air / plane go to sp on a plane8B unit 3 online tours网上旅行Welcome to the unit1、100k like看起来像（指长相，即可指人也可指物）eg: The manlooks

39、like our English teacher. eg.The strange thinglooks like a plate.区分：What do/does sb. look like 问长相=How do/does sb. lookWhat be sb. like问品质What do/does sb. like问喜好agree with sb. on sth.同意某 人观点 agree to do sth 同意 做某事 disagree不同意Here it is 它在这儿change the channel 换频道 the remotecontrol 遥控器鼠标（复数）mouse mou

40、ses老鼠（复数）mouse- micechat（动词）with sb.和某人聊天 have a chat （名词）with sb. chat 现 在分t: chatt ingdo word processing 做文字处理send and receive emails收发电子邮件send 发送 send sb. sth.=send sth. to sb .把某物寄给/送给某人receive 收到，接到 receive emails接收邮件区分：receive 与accept receive 客观（被动地）收到 accept主观接受eg. I received a bunch of flowe

41、r, but I didnt accept it.watch videos 口 看录像what.for 为何目的，为何理由=Why What did you do that for=Whydid you do thatuse sth to do/ use sth. for sth.用做1.你通常用你的电脑来 干嘛What do you use your computer forWhat do you use your computer to do2.我用它来搜索信息use it to search for informationuse it for searching fo门nformatio

42、nbe fast and easy 快捷你多久用电脑来做一次这个How often do you use your computer for thisHow often do you use_your computer to do this多频繁（对频率提问）howoftenalmost every day 几乎每天I have no idea. = I ve no idea. = I don t know. 我不知道。turn on the TV turn on/off 打开/关闭，turn up/down 调大/调低；都是“动 词+副词”。ReadingAround the World i

43、n Eight Hours八小时环游世界I m your tour guide.我是你们的导游notice the “tour” icon 注意至U “tour” 这个图标notice sb do sth注意到某人做了某事notice sb doing sth 注意到某人正在做某事at the top of the page在本页上方at the bottom of在底部click 点击click （及物动词）sth. =click（不及物动词）on sth. 点击in eight hours在八小时内（后，用将来时）the world-famous trade centre举世闻名的贸易中心

44、at the southern end of 在.南端many big companies and international banks 很多大型的公司和国际银行further on 再往前thousands of 数以千计的 hundred, thousand, million等表示确指时（前面有具体的数字），用单数；表泛指（前面没有数字）用复数，其后加of eg. three thousand hundreds ofgather here MNew Year s Eve在新年前夜聚集在这It ，s exciting to see the huge glass ball falling t

45、hrough the darkness. 看 到大玻璃球在黑夜中落下令人很兴奋。see sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事eg. Whenl passed by the KFC, I saw manychildren eating hamburgers and chips in it.see sb. do sth.看见某人做了某事（强调动作发生的全过程）through the darkness穿过黑夜With several lakes, hills and a large green lawn, it s a good place to relax after a hard da

46、y s work.一个放松的好地方 a good place to relaxrelax 放松，休息 relax oneself放松自己动词三单：relaxes形容词：relaxed 修饰人 relaxing 修饰物在辛苦工作一天后after a hard day s work 30小时的火车车程thirtyhourstrain ride一大片绿草地 a large green lawnDon t miss Broadway.不要错过百老汇。It has been famous fo门ts theatres since the early twentieth century因而出名 be fa

47、mous/ known for作而出名 be famous as+职业被.所熟知 be famous to sbHe is famous to the people all over the world.他被全世界的人所熟知.自从 20 世纪早期 since the early twentieth century听说过 a Memory 这首歌 hear of the song a Memory收至U某人的来信 hear from sb get/receive a letter from sb.著名的百老汇音乐剧猫 the famous Broadway musical Cats关于纽约就讲这

48、么多 So much for New Yorkso much for sth. 关于 就讲这么多， 至趾匕为止So much for thenew words.生词就学到这里。at the bottom of the page 在页面底端 pick another city选择另一个城市捡起来/去(机场)接某人pick up开始你的新旅程 start your new toura play filled with manysongs 有很多歌的剧本befilled with/ be full of 充满fewer than / less than 少于more than /over多于buy

49、tickets to different places 买去不同地方的票fall fromthe sky从空中落下gather there to welcome the New Year聚集到那迎接新年world-famous/ famous / well-known 著名 的Whatis theon Manhattan梦想做某事The boythe activity of buying and selling 买卖的活动 website called这个网站叫什么give people online tours给人们提供在线旅行Island在曼哈顿岛Grammarthe other day

50、前几天 dream of / about doing sth dreams of becoming a around the world without a passportrealize your dream by taking an online tour 通过在线旅游 实现你的梦想show me an online tour of the USA给我展示了一次在线美国旅游return from the USA从美国回来 return from sp 从某地回来 return to sp 回到某地take part in =join in + 比赛/活动join

51、+ 党派/ 组织/sb./trip/walk join sb. in doing sth. 加入某人做某事的行列Integrated skills & Study skills.带你去世界各地不同的地方take you to different places around the worldtake sb to sp带某至U某地.再往页面的底部 further down at the bottom of the page.在澳大利亚东北海岸 on the north-east coast of Australia.看起来像是一艘有很多帆的船 look like a ship with many

52、 sails.进行一次在线旅行take an online tour带某人进行一次网上旅游 take sb on anonline tour.在网站上 on the website.看到一座叫做“悉尼歌剧院”的神奇建筑see a wonderful building called theSydney Opera House. 澳大禾1J亚的季节与我们的相反。Australian seasons are the opposite of ours.Australian adj.澳大利亚（人）的 名词：Australia澳大利亚.介意做某事 mind doing sth介意某人做某事mind one

53、 s doing sth（中间用形物主代）介意给我展示如何开始在线旅游 mind showing me how to start this online tour介意我打开窗子 mind my opening the window（ 中间用形物代）Do you mind doing sth.介意： You d better not .不介意：Not at all. /Of course not. /Certainly not.当然不 Of course not.不客气，很乐意 My pleasure . / It s my pleasure.（名词）my pleasure不客气，很乐意效劳，回

54、答别人的道谢，=You re welcome.区另U ： with pleasure很乐意效劳，回答别人的请求. 一门在线课程 an online course 17.问路 ask the way.预定票和酒店 book tickets and hotels 19.订餐 order meals.在日常交流中用英语 use English in daily communication日常英语daily English. If/as soon as/until/when引导条件状语从句，主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。eg. If you don t hurry up, you ll

55、miss the train.注：if表“是否”时，该用什么时态用什么时态。I don t know if he will come to my birthday party he comes, I will call you.TASK. called 被称作/叫作=named在句中作后置定语修饰前面的名词eg. I likethe cat named / called Mimi.一个岛国 an island country. be made up of. 由 组成 Our class is made up of fifty students.区别：be made of由 制成（能看出原材料）

56、be made from 由 制成（看不出原材料）be made in某物是某地制造的.有着悠久的历史 have a long history. 国王和女王曾是它的统治者。Kings and queens were once its rulers.在这个古老的欧洲国家in this old European country （ 形容词性）.很多宫殿和城堡 many palaces and castles.它已经成为国王和女王的住所很长时间了。It has been the home of kings andqueens for a long time.英国一直因它的博物馆而出名。The UK

57、has always been famous for its museums. 了解很多世界文化 learn a lot about - the world s culture. 很多自然美景 many places of natural beauty.在湖面上看到很多天鹅和其他野生鸟类see swans and other wild birds | on| thelakes.参观的最好时节the best time to visit. 那里的天气多变 The weather changes often there.上一分钟晴天，下一分钟就可能下雨。It is sunny one minute

58、 but rainy the next. 为准备 prepare for prepare to do sth.准备做某事.用英镑，而不是人民币或美元 use pounds, not RMB or dollars重点句子What do you usually use your computer for你通常用电脑干什么I usually use it to search for information.我通常用它来搜寻信Have you noticed theTour” icon at the top of the page你注意至U这页顶部的“ Tour”键吗3. Just clickon i

59、t, and you can visit Asia ,Africa , Europe ,America and more in only eight hours.只要你点它一下，你就能在八小时内参观亚洲，非洲，欧洲，美洲和更多的地方。Every year, thousands of people gather hereon New Year s Eve. 每年新年前夜，数以千计的人们聚集在那里。It s exciting to see the huge glass ball falling through the darkness!看巨大的球在黑暗中落下，真是太让人兴奋了！It has bee

60、n famous for its theatres since the early twentieth century.自从二十世纪早期以来，它就以它的剧院而出名。It s a good place to relax after a hard day s work.在辛苦一天的工作之后，它是一个放松的好地方。In the centre of the island is Central Park.（倒装句）岛的中心是中央广场。With several lakes, h川s and a large green lawn, it s a good place to relax after a har