中考英语知识点总复习 阅读理解讲义

1、Reading 阅读理解阅读理解有哪些题型？WARM-UP主旨大意型事实细节型 词 义 猜 测 型推 理 判 断 型How to Deal with the Problems on Reading Comprehension什么是细节事实型？是有关细节的问题，常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。命题方式常有：Which of the following statement is true?Which of the following is not mentioned in the text?The author ( or the pa

2、ssage) states that_.According to the passage, when ( where, why, how, who, what, which, etc.)_?CONTENTEg. At the same time after the age of ten, at eleven or twelve, boys and girls bodies start changing. This time of change is called pubertyQuestion: According to the text the changes in puberty star

3、t at the age of _.A. 8 or 9B. 11 or 12C. 15 or 16D. 17 or 18题型一：直接对号入座Eg. From 1262 to 1944 Iceland was ruled first by Norway and then by Denmark.Question: How many years did Norway and Denmark ruled Iceland?A. 700B. 682C. 388D. 1070题型二：同义/反义词转换Eg. Kuming has a population of more than 5,000,000.Ques

4、tion: Whats the population of Kuming? A. Over five millionB. Over five thousandC. Over five billionD. Over five hundredEg. Have you ever found that some people cant read or write but usually they have better memories? This is because they cannot read or write down in a little notebook. Question: Som

5、e people cant read or write, but they usually have better memories, because _.they have saved much troublethey have saved much to remember thingsthey have to use their memories all the timethey cant write everything in a little notebookEg. Canada Geese are large blue and white birds. When autumn arr

6、ives, they have to fly south where the weather is warmer.Question: Canada Geese have to fly south _.A. in springB. after autumnC. in winterD. after summer题型三：短语、从句转换Eg. Students sit in the classroom listening to the teacher. This is a way of learning. Is this the only way for students to learn somet

7、hing? Of course not.Question: Listening to the teacher is _ for students to learn something.A. not a wayB. the best wayC. the only wayD. not the only way题型四：概括归纳 主旨大意型WARM-UPPRACTICESDETAILSCONCLUSIONMAIN IDEAGUESSINGINFERENCECONTENT什么是主旨大意型？命题方式常有：What does the writer mainly tell us?Which of the fo

8、llowing can summarize the main idea of this text?Which of the following expresses the main idea best?Which is the subject discussed in the text?Whats the best title for this passage?是考查文章主旨大意和中心思想的题目。PASSAGE 1 Eg. Today Newtown is a very clean place. But many years ago, there were millions of rats i

9、n Newtown. They attacked the cats and dogs. Sometimes a lot of them knocked down a man or woman walking home at night. The rats were very big in size and they hurt many people.Question: Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A. How to Kill RatsB. Newtown-City of RatsC. How Newtow

10、n People Became RichD. How Newtown Became a Very Clean City.做题技巧：读首段/首句，找到大意PASSAGE 2 Eg. On the night of the party Merlin rolled into the room playing his violin. Everyone was astonished to see him. There was just one problem. Merlin had no way to stop his roller-skater. He rolled on and on. Sudden

11、ly he ran into a huge mirror that was hanging on the wall. Down fell the mirror, breaking to pieces. Nobody forgot Merlins grand entrance for a long time.Question：What is the main point the writer is trying to make in this paragraph?A. The roller skates needed further improvementB. The party guests

12、took Merlin for a fool.C. Merlin succeeded beyond expectation.D. Merlin got himself into trouble.做题技巧：读尾段/尾句，找到大意PASSAGE 3 Eg. Now satellites are helping to forecast the weather. They are in space, and they can reach any part of the world Today, nearly five hundred weather stations in sixty countrie

13、s can receive satellite picturesSo the weather satellites are of a great help to the scientists at the station. In the past they could forecast the weather for about 24 or 48 hours earlier. Now they can make good forecasts for 3 or 5 days.Question：The main idea of this passage is that satellites are

14、 now used in _.A. taking pictures of the atmosphereB. many waysC. receiving pictures of the atmosphereD. weather forecasting 做题技巧：从段落中抓大意 词义猜测型CONTENTPASSAGE 1One of the things I always believe is that no matter how bad something is, you can take something positive out of it.Question: The word “ pos

15、itive” in the passage probably means _.A. TerribleB. badC. goodD. real 做题技巧：根据同义词，反义词猜测词义PASSAGE 2Every December in London, the National Cage and Aviary Bird Show tries to find the best “ talking” bird in the world. One bird named Prudle stood out among the “ talking birds”. She won this prize for 1

16、2 years form 1965 to 1976.Question: What does the word “stand out” mean in this passage?A站起来B. 飞起来C. 脱颖而出D.取出来 做题技巧：根据定义或解释猜测词义PASSAGE 3Man can only drink or use the other 3% of the fresh water which comes from rivers, lakes an underground. On the other hand, because the number of people in the worl

17、d is becoming larger and larger, more and more fresh water is needed. So water shortage becomes a big problem.Question: The word “shortage” in this passage means _.A. being enoughB. being short ofC. being short forD. being less 做题技巧：根据上下文逻辑关系猜测词义PASSAGE 4For example, two cups of coffee will make you

18、 breathe faster and augment body heat. All this makes your heart beat faster, and doctors warn that this may be a little dangerous.Question: The world “augment” means _.A. increaseB. drinkC. stopD. make less 做题技巧：根据生活经验猜测词义 推理判断型WARM-UPPRACTICESDETAILSCONCLUSIONMAIN IDEAGUESSINGINFERENCECONTENT什么是推理

19、判断型？以原文内容为前提，据作者的观点理论（非考生观点），客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释。命题方式常有：The passage implies (暗示) that_. We can conclude (得出结论) from the passage that_. Which of the following can be inferred (推论)?What is the tone (语气) of the author ?What is the purpose (目的) of this passage?The passage is intended to _.

20、Where would this passage most probably appear? PASSAGE 1We are all busy talking about and using the Internet, but how many of us know the history of the Internet? The Internet has now become one of the most important parts of peoples life.Question: What can we infer from the last sentence?A. People

21、will die without the InternetB. All people should set up their own networkC. People live easily without InternetD. People will more and more depend on the Internet 推断隐含句意PASSAGE 2TV shows are like books or films. A child can learn bad things from some of them and good things from others. Some shows

22、help children to understand the news from Washington and other parts of the world. Some programmes show people and places from other countries or other times in history. With TV a child does not have to go to the zoo to see animals or to sea to see a ship. Boys and girls can see a play, a concert or

23、 a basketball game at home. Some programmes even teach children how to cook or how to use tools.Question: The writers opinion is that _.A. boys and girls should spend some time both on TV and other things.B. children shouldnt watch TV showsC. parents mustnt buy TV sets. D. children should stop watch

24、ing TV. 推断作者观点意图Practice Background Information of Halloween Halloween was first celebrated over two thousand years ago in Great Britain and Ireland（爱尔兰）. They celebrated the end of the harvest and beginning of winter with a festival called Samhain（萨温节）. People wore masks and costumes during their c

25、elebrations to honor or mimic ghosts（鬼）. After that, holidays were added and changed. November 2nd became All Saints Day, to honor saints. November 1st became All Souls Day, or All Hallows Day, to remember those who had died. Some children may know that is a holiday celebrated in many parts of Mexic

26、o. This holiday falls on All Souls Day. October 31st became All Hallows Eve, or the evening before All Hallows Day. The name became shortened to Halloween. PracticeSince Halloween falls near the end of the harvest, many traditional foods are associated with （与相关联）the fall season, including pumpkins, apples, popcorn, and nuts. Candy corn is a nod to the fall harvest as well. There are many symbols on Halloween, such as skeletons （骷髅）, ghosts, black cats, witches (巫婆), and a full moon. Today, people still dress up for Halloween. They also giv