大学生跨文化交际 unit 5 Dieting and Culture 部分句子翻译课件

1、 Unit 5Dieting and Cultureparagraph 2 The invention of chopsticks reflects the wisdom of ancient Chinese people . A pair of chopsticks , which are typically 9 to 10 inches long , rectangular in shape , with blunt ends , though looked simple , can nip , pick , rip and stir food. blunt:钝的，不锋利的 rectang

2、ular:长方形的 筷子的发明体现了古人的智慧。一双筷子，一般长9到10英寸、长方形、钝端。虽看着简单，但可以夹、挑、撕和搅拌食物。 What are the functions of chopsticks?paragraph 3 Archeologists discovered that in Chinese pre-history , the ancient Chinese also used forks and knives to eat the food before switching to chopsticks . During the pre-historic times , k

3、nife was used to cut the food and the fork was used to grab the food to the mouth .Archeologists：考古学家 pre-history：前史Switch ： 转变 grab ：抓住考古学家发现，中国史前，古人也是先用叉子和刀饮食，之后转为用筷子。史前，古人用刀来切食物而用叉子将食物送到嘴里。the history of chopsticksSome people think that the great scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 4

4、79 B.C, influenced the development of chopsticks. According to Mencius, one of the early Confucius thinkers “The honorable and upright man keeps well away from both the slaughterhouse (屠宰场）and the kitchen.” And he allowed no knives on his table. 有些人认为，生活在大约551到公元前479年的伟大学者孔子，影响了筷子的发展。早期的儒家思想家孟子认为：“有

5、名望的和正直的人要远离屠宰场和厨房。”（君子远庖厨），所以他不允许他的桌上有刀出现。paragraph 4the development & culture of chopsticksparagraph 4Confucius believed knives would remind people of slaughter house and were too violent for use at the table. However, chopsticks, reflecting gentleness and benevolence, the main moral teaching of Co

6、nfucianism, could bring a peaceful atmosphere for eating.孔子认为，刀在桌子上会让人们想起屠宰场，并且他认为餐桌上使用刀具是一种过于暴力的行为 。而筷子的使用，折射出了谦和、仁爱，这也是是儒家主要的道德思想，所以孔子认为使用筷子可以给就餐营造一种和谐的氛围。the development & culture of chopsticksWords and ExpressionsHarmony:和谐Distribute:分配；散布；分开；把分类 Separately:分离的Hygiene:卫生Amongst：在.之间Demonstration

7、：表示；证明，论证；实物示教，示范；示威游行； In anyway：在任何方面；Pose.to ：引起；Perception：知觉；看法；洞察力；获取Civilized：adj. 文明的；有礼貌的v. 教化；使文明；启发（civilize的过去分词）Grasping ：把握 To Chinese, Food is important for its function of bringing harmony between people. Chinese people like to share food rather than distribute food separately to a p

8、erson. 食物对营造人与人之间的和谐气氛起着重要作用。中国人喜欢一起进餐，而不是一份一份地分发给个人。paragraph 5the different dieting habitsTo the westerns, food is usually served separately to each person-partly for hygiene reasons and partly due to individualism.食物通常是分发给每个人，一方面原因是考虑到卫生（因素），一方面原因是由于个人主义。Moreover, in Chinese food culture, not onl

9、y is the food to be shared among the family, “Serving food to others on the same table” is also commonly practiced as a way of improving human relationship. Serving food to others by grasping food to their plates on the table had better be done by using chopsticks instead of forks and knives, which

10、is more respectful and delicate, showing the hospitality of the host to his guests.此外,在中国的饮食文化中, 不仅要与家庭成员分享菜肴，而且要“为同桌吃饭的其他人夹菜”，这被认为是一种改善人际关系的常见做法。和他人一起吃饭时用筷子把食物夹到同桌客人的盘子里，这要比使用刀叉叉菜，更显得敬重和文雅，同时也显示了主人的好客。paragraph 6 In order to survive on the severe and harsh environment, the ancient Westerners had to

11、 be good at hunting, i.e. fighting with or killing animals by the use of some weapons like knives, forks, arrows, spears, etc. which in turn resulted in aggressiveness and the sense of adventure in their temperaments.paragraph 8Forks and Knives Reasonsharsh严峻的 i.e.即 weapon武器 arrow箭 spear 矛 temperame

12、nt性格 Although human beings have long been lifted out of barbarism and stepped into the age of great civilization，today forks and knives are still maintained as the traditional tableware,reminding people of the hardship of grabbing food in old times, and of the “dividedness between man and nature.mai

13、ntain 保持 tableware 餐具 grab 抓住 dividedness 分裂 With a time-honored history, Chinese food enjoys a good reputation for its plentiful and splendid cuisine and Chinese cuisine making has been developed into an artistry-a creative art demanding the co-presence of color, fragrance and taste(色，香，味）.中国的饮食源远流

14、长，种类繁多、灿烂辉煌的风味流派让其名扬四海。中国菜肴制作已经发展成了一门技艺，一门要求色香味俱全的创造性的技艺。paragraph 10Exquisiteness and taste in Chinese foodforwardSo far China has developed four major cuisine groups, based on the localities of their origins : Shandong, Sichuan, Yangzhou and Canton(山东，四川，扬州和广东). In addition, since ancient times, t

15、he Chinese have employed many cooking methods（中国已经使用了很多烹调方法）, such as braising, boiling, braising with soy sauce , roasting, baking, grilling, scalding, deep-frying, steaming, drying, salt-preserving, ect(如炖，煮，卤（红烧），煮，烘，焙，烤，涮，炸，蒸，晒，盐焗).paragraph 10Exquisiteness and taste in Chinese foodOne common fe

16、ature among these cuisine groups or systems is the emphasis on exquisiteness. In China ,a finely designed cuisine gives customers not only the good taste , but also a visual , and even auditory auditory enjoyment to arouse their appetite.中国地方菜系的共同特点是追求唯美。在中国，一盘精心设计的美食，不仅味美，而且给人视觉的、甚至听觉的享受，以此刺激食欲。The

17、 Chinese like to pay more attention to the taste than the nutrition of their food, but the Westerners appeal more to a kind of rational dietectic concept. Under the influence of pragmatism the Westerners are inclined to take the intake of food into consideration basically from the nutrition perspect

18、ive. In their eyes, food or eating is just a way to keep healthy, having little to do with artistry. Nor will they be particular about the taste of food too much. Therefore, what Westerners care about most is the nutrition contained in food and the balance of the whole diet structure rather than exquisiteness in cuisine and taste of food.par