托福同义词词汇表

1、精品文档精品文档精品文档附件二：同义词宝典写在前面的话各位亲，你们都是优秀的，因为你们正在奋力实现自己的梦想。当然，一路上你们需要劈荆斩棘，听说读写，各有难处。对于托福阅读来，难就难在词汇要求高。单词不是万能，但不背单词万万不能。阅读题目中约有1/4是单词题，因此想要驾驭托福阅读，一定要搞定单词题。而且面对这些题目时，最好做到秒杀它，这样才能有余裕处理其它较复杂阅读题目。那么如何秒杀？我们先来了解一个事实：新托福考试自2005年问世以来，考重题的概率已经达到了惊人的程度，一些词汇题也多有重复。因此要想秒杀，我们可以事先牢记历史上考过的词汇。但不用紧张，这些词汇的总数并不多，而且大部分收录于本手

2、册中，共计20页左右，供亲们短期强化记忆。路遥费马力，一鼓作气，再而竭，三而衰，建仪大家短期内过完一遍，然后重复重复再重复，在读文章中重复，在做题目中重复。如此操作，定能在词汇题上所向披靡！另外，除准备词汇题外，该手册还有一重要作用准备同义替换。我们再了解一个事实：阅读题目的选项通常都是对原文某句话的同义改写，即同样的意思，不同的表达。因此，对于这种换了马甲的答案，我们一定要能洞穿其本质没变。如何洞穿？熟悉常见的同义替换词组就是一个好方法。但是对于一些词汇间的本质联系，亲们可能理解上有些困惑，若有此种情况，强烈建议使用美国的麦克米兰词典，该词典用2000左右的基础词汇解释了所有的高级词汇，何其

3、牛尔！最后建议在平日做题时，若有词汇题错误，或者理解错误，不妨纳入那手册，集中记忆，为熟手尔！手册中难免有纰漏，请大家当当啄木鸟，指正错误，共同完善它。期望大家托福阅读取得好成绩，托福取得好成绩！Aabsorb=takein=assimilate=incorporate（incorporatesthintosth）吸收incorporate=embrace=inelude包括（反义：exclude,ruleout,remove,precludeappealing=attractive=compelling=inviting=tempting=popular吸引的（appea为名词时=popul

4、arity；beckon=attract吸引）absorbed=engrossed=fullyengagedir全神贯注=benotabsentabundant=aboundwith=anumberof=donotlack=myriadof大量的accommodate=providewith=endowwith给予accommodateto=adaptto=beaccustomedto适应（gear表示使适合）accumulate=collect=buildup=amass=gather累积（增加）=increase（augment=increase扩大）adherent=advocate=s

5、upporter支持者，拥护者adjacent（to）=nearby=neighboring=adjoining相邻的advent=arrival=coming=introductionofsth到来，引入affair=event=occasion=matter=episod事情，事件akinto=similarto=alike=analogous相类似的（等于动词resemble）allocate=distribute=designate分配，指定钱或人如何使用almost=nearly=virtually几乎（程度之深）aloft=overhead=above在上面）alter=chang

6、e=transform=fluctuate=beunstable变化，不稳定（convert使转变）bestable=donotchangeanticipate=expect期望，预料antiseptic=sterilized=clean无菌的，干净的antithesis=oppose=disagreewith=disapproveof反对，不同意apparent=obvious=eviden明显AismadeevidentbyB=BshowA（inevidence=evident:Itwasearly,andfewpedestrianswereinevidenceonthecitystree

7、ts）appreciable=noticeable=striking=conspicuous显而易见的approach=comecloserto靠近approach=means=method=manner=avenu方法,方式article=item=object物品assertion=strongstatement断言asarule=usually=generally通常，一般来说assorted=various各种各样的assist=benefit=help=aid=favor对什么有好处或帮助（benefit有时=boon=favor,boon=somethingusefulthatbr

8、ingsgreatbenefitsandmakeyourlifeeasier）attribute=characteristic=feature=trait=property=hallmark特点，特征（请注意：characte表个性，人物；becharacterizedby具有的特点）attributeto=ascribeto=accreditto=dueto=oweto归因于B:1barrier=obstacle=impediment=blockage=obstruction障碍，堵塞2becompatiblewith=canexisttogether兼容，共存3blend=mixtoget

9、her=combine=merge混合在一起4blossom=thrive=boom=flourish=bloom繁盛(有时等于develop)breakthrough=suddenadvance=discoveryorachievement!破，成就broadly=extensively=widely广泛的(extensive=vast=immense程度，范围大)bulk=mainpart主体inbulk=inlargequantity大量地C:capitalizeon=takeadvantageof=exploit利用(getbenefitsfromsth)challenge=dispu

10、te争议(disagreemen)t(有时=refusetoacceptsomeonesauthority)dispute为名词时=contention=argument争议chronic=constant=oflongduration=perennial长期的(持续时间长)有时，chronic=confirmed习惯的(confirm作动词时表证实，确定=corroborate)chronically=constantly=inveterately长期地，根深蒂固地claim=maintain=hold=arguethat认为，声称classify=catalog=categorize分类c

11、oalesce=fuse=unite=cometogether合并collidewith=runinto=hit碰撞concise=shortened=simplified精简化compelling=persuasive=convincing有说服力的compelling=urgentlyrequiringattention=pressing急迫的(emergent)compensatefor=offset(counteract)=countervail补偿，抵消compliment=praise=extol赞美component=constituent=element=ingredient成

12、分，要素comprehensive=coveringbroadly=inclusive包罗广泛的control=refrain=regulate=govern控制,抑制，调节consequence=result=outcome结果considerable=largeinextentordegree=substantia可观的，重要的consistof=bemadeupof=comprisedof=becomposedo由.组成contrive=create=plan=invent谋划，设计（invention=contrivance）controversy=disagreement=argum

13、ent争议corroborative=confirmative确实的，确证的（makemorecertain）critically=crucially=significantly重要地（强调程度大）（critical还表示危急的=difficulttodealwith,如thesituationismostcritical=thesituationisworst）crude=original=raw=natural=unprocessed天然的（crudeoil）conceal=hide=disguise=camouflage隐藏，掩盖conventional=customary=tradit

14、ional习俗上或传统上的concentration=level浓度，含量conviction=belief（conviction还有定罪的意思=sentence）counterpart（相对应的人或物）=equivalent（同等物）=similitude（类似物）Ddecimate=destroy毁掉大部分（有时destroy=consume=ruin=devastate）delegate=assign=appoint=commission委派delicate=dainty=elaborate精美的）delicate=fragile脆弱的,女口：delicateecosystembalan

15、eedemanding=laborious=exacting=burdensome费力的（需要更多力气，精力,责任等）demonstrate=illustrate=show表明，证实dependable=reliable可靠的depict=describe=draw描绘desert=abandon=giveup=discard=forsake=stopdoingsth放弃，抛弃determining=deciding=conclusive决定性的devoted=dedicated全身心的（具有奉献精神，或有强烈兴趣做某事）devoidof（devoid为形容词）=lackof=without=

16、scantof缺乏的dictate=rule=reign=govern=decide命令，规定（能控制或统治）diminish=reduce=decrease=dwindle=taper（becomesmallerandsmaller）discern=tellthedifference=discriminate=distinguish区分discharge=unioad=emit=release=issi释放（有时=vent发泄）disintegrate=rot=decay=spoil=decompose=degrade降解（使整体变成部分）注意：disintegrate有时也=break/f

17、all/tearapart=crumble碎掉disperse=scatter=spread=disseminate=distribute=diffus分散（使一个东西不同地方都有,也就是：toseparateandgoindifferentdirections）dissuade=discourage劝阻，鼓励不做什么事diversity=variety=manyanddifferent种类多documented=recorded被记录的domestic=home家里的（domestic还表示国内的=notbeforeign）draft=sketch=drawing=outline起草，画（d

18、raft还有招募的意思）draw=attract=appealto=engage吸弓丨duplicate=copy复制品xerox表示静电复印件（acopyofawrittendocumentorimagethatismadewithaXeroxmachine）dweller=resident=inhabitant=settler居住者，定居者E:earned=acquired=obtained=won=gained获得的elaborate=verydetailedandcomplicated杂详尽的eliminate=remove=eradicate=leaveout=ruleout=omi

19、t消除,删除（有时removed=extracted,extracted表示被提取出来的;completelyremove也可以=annihilate消灭）embed=implant=insert植入，插入emerge=arise=appear出现（emergence=appearance=emergingou）这些动词含义接近advent=introduction这两个名词encompass=include=incorporate=involve包含encourage=motivate=giveincentivetosb鼓励，激励endangered=beindanger=threatene

20、受至U威胁，处在危险中的endeavor=attempt=strive努力尝试着去做engagein=participatein=beinvolvedin/with参加（beinvolvedin/with,本意表示“涉及至，和什么有关联”）enlarge=broaden或=inflate变宽变大（有时enlarge=magnify放大）erroneous=wrong=incorrect错误的escalate=grow=expand逐步增长或严重estimate=rate=evaluate评估ratings表示评定等级和收视率evident=apparent=obvious=clear=expl

21、icit=pronounce明显的，明白的examine=check=inspectclosely=scrutinize=probe探查exceedingly=extremely=deeply非常地（Toanadvancedorunusualdegre）eexclusive=sole=unique独一无二的exert=give施加;exert=employ=wield=utilize=exploit=exercise运用exhausted=tired;exhausted=useupentirely疲倦的expedience=advantage便禾U（expedient=advisable有用的

22、，权宜之计的）extant=remaining=remnant=relicextant表示现存的，（后面3个单词可表示遗迹，遗留）extent=degree=magnitude=scale范围，程度extraordinary=exceptional非凡的（exceptional还表异常的，比如exceptionalchild/education:残疾儿童/特殊教育）ephemeral=short-lived=transient生命短暂的evoke=arouse=create唤起，弓丨起F:fadeaway=vanish=disappear逐渐消失（memoryisfadingaway）func

23、tionas=actas=serveas起作用fixed=donotchange=benoterratic/instable固定的，不变的（有时fixed=immobile=motionless=static=stationary不移动的,静止的）flexible=adaptable=elastic可变通的foragefor=huntfor=searchfor搜寻（食物等）forge=create=invent=devise建立，创造出foster=cultivate培养；foster=encourage促进friction=conflict摩擦冲突（有时friction=disagreeme

24、nt）facilitate=makeeasier使什么容易（发生）=helptobringaboutfragile=delicate=breakable=brittle脆弱的，易碎的freedom=independence;autonomous=unlimited=benotconfine自由，未被限制的formidable=difficult=tough难以克服的，可怕的gauge=measure=mete测量greenhand=unskilledlabore没有经验的人,而layman表外行groundless=unfounded=baseless无根据的guide=direct=chan

25、nel引导grand=Largeandimpressiveinsize,scope,orextent;magnificen大，牛bgroundwork=basis=base=foundation根据，基础，理由gobeyond超过，超出=surpass=exceed（有时=bebetter/higherthan）Hhalt=discontinue=cease=terminate停止（不停的incessant=withoutanystophamper=restrict限制，阻碍harness=utilize=getcontrolofsth控制，利用，驾驭hazardous=dangerous=r

26、isky危险的height=apex=summit=peak=crest=zenith顶峰（attheheight,表示什么事情的鼎盛时期,注意：crest可以表示羽冠）hint=indication=clue=implication暗示，提示hue=color=tint色彩humble=modest谦虚的（建议用麦克米兰词典查下humble这个多义词）Iilluminate=brighten=light照亮（另夕卜illuminate还有解释的意思=explain,其形容词illuminous=bright）immediate=instant立刻（immediatearea=nearesta

27、rea=neighboringareaimpact=influence=effect影响（AaffectB=AhasaneffectonB）impetus=momentum=stimulus=incentive推动力，刺激物imposing=impressive印象深刻的improvise=dowithoutpreparation=benotfixed即兴的incontrast=incomparisonto比较而言inaccessible=unreachable=remoteorunapproachable!以接近的inconceivable=unimaginable=unbelievable

28、不可思议的，难以置信的inevitable=unavoidable不可避免的indirect=circuitous=roundabout间接的，迂回的infinite=unlimited=benotconfined没有受到限制的ingenious=clever聪明的;ingenious=creative独特设计的inherent=born=intrinsic=instinctive=natural内在的，固有或天生的insteadof=ratherthan而不是（而otherthan,除了=except）intentionally=deliberately=notaccidentally故意的

29、intensity=strength强度（intense=verygreatorextreme）intrigue=fascinate=interest=attract使感兴趣irreparable（damage）=irrecoverable无法修复的isolated=separated=divorced孤立的，分离的（有时isolated=unique,unique本来表示独一无二的，极不寻常的，但在这里unique=onlyexistingorhappeninginoneplaceorsituation,比如这个例句：Massextinctionsarerelativelyrareevent

30、s;however,isolated/uniqueextinctionsarequitecommo）nJjeopardize=imperil=endanger=threaten危及（imperil中的peril表危险，perilous表示危险的=dangerous=risky=hazardous）joined=met;connected连接上了的junction=connection=juncture联结点（junction还是道路会合点的意思）juvenile=teenager=youth少年Kkey=important=vital=crucial重要的keen=verystrong强烈的，

31、敏锐的Llading=cargo=load装载Iandscape=scenery风景(Iandscap还有地形的意思)lagbehind=fallbehind落后(如在经济方面)Iegacy=bequest=heritage遗产Iegitimate=vaIid=authorized合理合法的(IegitimateIy=properIy)Iethargy=sluggish倦怠,无精打采IethaI=fataI=deadIy=fatefuI致命的(bringingdeathordisaste)rIiberaI=extensive开明的，心胸开阔的(acceptingdifferentopinion

32、sandwaysofbehavingandtendingtobesympathetictootherpeopIe)Ioot=steaI掠夺，偷取Iucrative=profitabIe有利可图的Mmaintain=sustain=keep保持，维持maketheirway=traveI前进，行进manageable=operable容易控制的mandatory=required=obIigatory必须的，反义词：optionaI=seIectivemanifest=reveal=display=exhibit显示，表明manipulate=operate操控markedly=signific

33、antly显著地match=equal匹敌material=physical物质上的（physical还有表身体上的）meager=scarce=rare=sparse=thin少的mighty=powerful强大的minute=verysmall=fine=tiny极小的mirror=reflect反映，反射mobility=movement移动modes适度的=limited有限的modification=alteration修正（modify=change或modify=weaken,需结合上下文和选项判断）monotonous=boring=tedious=tiresome单调,无聊

34、的mounting=increasing逐渐增加的myriad=numerous多的Nnotable=famous=well-known=popular=noted=renowned著名的novel=new=fresh新的notonly=besides=apartfromOobscure=unclear=blur=ambiguous:tearsobscuredmyeyes使模糊occasionally=sometimes=onceinawhile=accidentally偶尔organism=creature=livingthing=biologicallivingbeing生物origina

35、te=startfrom=initiatefrom开始于（start=setinmotion开始）ornament=decoration=adornment装饰oscillate=changefrequently频繁的变化overall=total总的overlap=cover覆盖，重叠oversee=supervise监管overwhelming=dominating无法抗拒的,自己被控制或受支配P:paradoxical=seeminglycontradictory看似矛盾的（有时=plausible表示貌似可信的）patch=smallarea=lot小块土地（patchy表示斑块的，也

36、就这个地方有一点，那个地方也有一点，分布，组成，质量不太规则）patron=sponsor=donator赞助人peculiar=strange=eccentric奇怪的，古怪的（有时eccentric=erratic,这里erratic为deviatingfromthecustomarycourseinconductoropinion;比如：erraticbehavior）penetrate=pierce=enter=togainentrance渗入periodically=regularly周期性地perishable=beeasytospoil易坏的permit=allow=consen

37、t允许persist=endure持续pervasive=widespread=spreading普遍的pioneer=initiate开拓（最早干一件事情）posit=propose=suggest=assumd假定，建议,认为practiced=skilled熟练的pragmatic=practical=utilitarian实用的proportion=percentage比例，百分比premise=assumption前提；(premise=prerequisite=somethingrequire)dprestige=importance=superiority威望，优越性prevai

38、l=spread=pervade:Letpeaceprevail盛行predominant=principal=major主要的；predominant=verynoticeable显著的(注意：predominate为动词，表示占优势，支配)primitive=early=undeveloped=uncivilized原始的，早期的principal=main=primary主要的principle=concept概念，原理prized=valued珍视的procure=obtain=acquire获得professional=specializec专业的profound=significa

39、nt=deep=far-reaching深刻的profusely=abundantly=prolifically丰富地promoted=furthered促进propel=push=impel推动proper=suitable=correct合理，正确的prospect=future=outlook前景(prosperity=wellbeing=thriving=luxuriant繁荣)protrude=stickout=project:protrudingeyes向前突出的proximity=nearness=closeto邻近R:radical=fundamental根本的（fundame

40、ntal还表基本的=cardinal=veryimportant）radically=extremely极端地ramification=branch分支；ramification=consequence结果readily=easily:heisalwaysreadytohelpothers容易地reassemble=gather=collect=amass=accumulat积累，收集refine=improve使变好如oilrefinery精炼石油reflection=indication:reflect=think反思regime=asystemofrulesthatcontrolsome

41、thing系统，制度release=free=liberate=unieash使自由relevant=related=beinvolvedwith/in=beassociatedwith有关联的relieve=reduce=lose减少relinquish=abandon=desert放弃render=produce=resultin=leadto导致，致使replenish=putback=recharge补充represent=symbolize=typify=standfor代表，象征repudiate=reject否定，拒绝require=stipulatethat=necessita

42、te=need需要，规定要什么resist=endure抵抗，忍受（enduring=（long）lasting=extended持久的）respond=react响应restoration=recovery恢复=resilience=rebounc反弹retreat=recede退去，撤退revolutionized=changeddramatically巨变rigidly=strictly严格地rigorous=harsh严酷的harshwinterrudimentary=basic=undeveloped没有怎么发展的S:sink=descend=plummet下降savefor=exc

43、eptfor除了scanty=minimal=verysmall少的scarcely=infrequently=rarely=hardly=seldom几乎不scope=extent=area=province=realm范围scour=searcl四处搜索seemingly=onthesurface=superficially表面上看起来怎么样seething=excited兴奋的（seething还有沸腾的,剧烈的意思）segment=part=section=portiorff分sequent=later=ensuing随后的signify=imply=mean意味着tobeasigno

44、fsimulated=artificial模拟的simultaneous=atthesametime=coinciding同时发生的sophisticated=complex=complicated=intricate=involved复杂的spectator=viewer=onlooker=beholder观众，目睹者speculate=think=hypothesize推测，假设（hypothetical=supposed假定的）spell=aperiodoftime一小段时间（同时spell还有拼写，符咒等意思）sporadic=intermittent零星的，断断续续的spontane

45、ous=impulsive自发的，非计划安排的（同时可以=instinctive或unplanned）standard=criteria标准精品文档精品文档精品文档steep=immerse=sheer程度大sterile=barren=unproductive贫瘠的stray=wander=meander:goastray迷失sofar=uptonow=uptopresent=untilpresent目前为止subjective=personal主观的，个人的subsidiary=support=holdup补助subtle=notobvious=obscure=unclear不明显的（subtle还有微妙，精细的意