人教版初二(下)英语：unit 7语法篇(学生版)

1、第 页/共12页Unit7语法篇学生通过本讲学习，能够掌握本单元的重点语法，并在综合能力上有一定的拓展。形容词、副词用法1、分类：形容词和副词有原级、比较级和最高级三级。原级变为比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。2、规则变化:（1）单音节和部分双音节形容词和副词，在原级的后面加上er,est构成比较级和最高级。（a）直接加er，est:（b）以重读闭音节结尾的，要双写最后一个辅音字母，后加er，est：（c）以辅音字母+y结尾的，先把y改为i再加上er，est：（2）两个音节或两个以上的音节的，在原级前加more/most.3、不规则变化:原级比较级最高级good好的better更好的

2、best最好的well好；（身体）好的，bad,badly糟糕的，糟糕地worse更糟糕的，更糟糕地；（身体）更不舒服的worst最糟糕的，最糟糕地；（身体）最不舒服的ill（身体）不舒服的many许多的（可数）more更多的；更most最多的；最much许多的（不可数）；非常little少的less更少的least最少的far远的；远地farther更远的；更远地farthest最远的；最远地further进一步的（地）furthest最深刻的（地）（一）原级的用法1、只能修饰原级的词very，quite，pretty，really，too，so，enough女口：【ampretty(hea

3、lthy).Englishisso(difficult).2、感叹句中用原级。如Whatan(interesting)book!3、as+形容词/副词原级+as(与一样)4、notas/so+形容词/副词原级+as(A不如B.)如口：DHeisastallasme.=Heisthesameasme.他与我一样高。Heisasoldasme.=Heisthesameasme.他与我一样大。Heisntas/sooldasme.他没我大。5、less+形容词/副词的原级+than(A不如B.)可以与notas/so+形容词/副词原级+as互换。HeisntasoldasI.=Heisthanme.

4、=Heisthanme.=Imthanhe/him.HedoesntrunasfastasI.=Herunsthanme.=Herunsthanme.=Irunthanhim.他跑得没我快。ChineseisntasdifficultasEnglish.=EnglishisthanChinese.语文没有英语难。比较级的用法1、than两者(人/物)进行比较时用比较级，表示“一个比另一个更”或“较”。句式为：A+谓语动词+比较级+than+B。如果上下文明确，比较级也可单独使用。Heis(tall)thanhisfather.他比他父亲高。Thisshirtistoosmall.Doyouha

5、vea_(big)one?这件衬衣太小了。你有大一些的吗？2、or句式：特殊疑问句，AorB？如：Whois(young)，LucyorLily?露西和莉莉，谁更小一些？3、修饰比较级的词：alot，much，far得多alittle，abit.点儿even甚至still仍然如：Imalittle(tall)thanhim.我比他高一点。Thatmustbealot(interesting)thantakingabus.4、ofthetwo比较级前要加the用the+比较级+ofthetwo(thetwins/parents)特指两者中较(高/矮)的一个。Tinais(tall)ofthetw

6、ins.Mikeis(smart)ofthetwoboys.5、比较级+and+比较级表示“越来越.”单音节词：betterandbetter越来越好多音节词：moreandmorebeautifulHeisgettingand(tall).他变得越来越高了。Thefilmisand(interesting).这部电影越来越有趣了。6、the+比较级，the+比较级表示“越，越.”如Themore，thebetter越多越好。The(careful)youare，the(few)mistakesyoumake.7、any(范围外)/anyother(范围内)Shanghaiisbiggerth

7、ancityinChina.上海比中国的任何一个城市都要大。ShanghaiisbiggerthancityinJapanese.上海比日本的任何一个城市都要大。8、两者相比比较的对象要一致。HehaslongerhairthanI(do).=Hishairislongerthanmine.Therearemorestudentsinourclassthanintheirclass.Mywatchis(expensive)than(you).我的手表比你的贵。Ihave(few)storybooksthan(you).我的故事书比你的少。9、not.anymore=nomore不再(次数的不再

8、重复)not.anylonger=nolonger不再(时间的不再延长)最高级的用法of/in三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用最高级，形容词的最高级前面要加the，后面用of/in.of+同类人/物in+表地点的范围，副词的最高级前面可用the，也可省略。Tomisthetallest(boy)inhisclass.汤姆是他班上最高的男生。Tomisthetallest(boy)ofalltheboys(inhisclass).orwhich/who引导的选择疑问句有三者相比，也可用最高级。Whichis(big)，thesun，theearthorthemoon?太阳、地球、月亮，哪个最

9、大？Whois(tall)，Tom，MikeorJohn?oneofthelongestrivers最长的河流之一句式：oneof+the+形容词的最高级+名词复数，表示“.中最.之一”女口：XianisoneoftheoldestcitiesinChina.西安是中国最古老的城市之一。thesecondlongestriver第二长的河句式：the+序数词+形容词的最高级+名词，表示“第几的”如：TheYellowRiveristhesecond(long)riverinChina.当形容词的最高级前有形容词性物主代词、名词所有格或指示代词时，不用定冠词the.女口：Thisismybest

10、bookofall.这是我所有书中最好的一本。级别的转换原级与比较级的转换Thisroomisfivetimesasbigasthatone.=Thisroomisfourtimesbiggerthanthatone.Englishisntsoeasyasmath.=Englishisthanmath.=Englishisthanmath.=Englishisthanmath.=MathisthanEnglish.比较级与最高级的转换句式：比较级+than+anyother+单数名词比较级+than+theother+复数名词比较级+than+theothersNobodyelse+比较级+t

11、hanPeteristhetalleststudentinourclass.=Peteristallerthaninourclass.=Peteristallerthaninourclass.=Peteristallerthaninourclass.=istallerthanPeterinourclass.一、下列哪些形容词和副词的最高级需要在前面加most，请圈出。longwidefatheavyslowlybeautifulbrightlyusefulquicklyhappy二、用形容词和副词的比较级和最高级填空。Whichis(big)，thesun，themoonortheearth?

12、Whichis(beautiful)，theblackcoatortheblueone?Thiscakeis(cheap)ofall.Hedoeshishomework(carefully)thanhissister.Tomruns(quickly)inhisclassNowhislifeisbecomingand(difficult).Thingsaregettingand(bad).基础演练一、单项选择ChinahasamuchpopulationthanA.larger；RussiaB.more；RussiaC.larger；thatofRussiaD.more；thatofRussia

13、2.IsEnglishmoreimportantthanMaths?No,Idontthinkso.EnglishisMaths.A.muchimportantthanB.moreimportantasC.asimportantasD.asmoreimportantasIeatvegetablesandmeatthanIdidlastyear.Thatswhyyouregettingfatter.muchmistakeswefewer；moreB.more；lessC.least；moreD.many；Whenautumncomes,thedaysget.longandlongB.longer

14、andlongerC.shortandshortD.shorterandshorterMr.Liasksustorememberthatcarefulweare,willmake.themore；thefewerB.thefewer；themoreC.themore；themoreD.theless；thefewerOfalltheanimals,Ithinkdogsare.A.themostfriendlyB.mostfriendlyC.morefriendlyD.friendly7.MysisteristhanI.A.threekilosheavierB.threekilosheavyC.

15、heavierthreekilosD.heavythreekilos8.Thebridgeis.Itwilltaketenminutestoit.A.118metreslong；gopastB.118metreslong；goacrossC.118-metre-long；acrossD.118metreslong；gothrough9.OurschoolisthantheirsbuttheirsismuchmorebeautifulthanoursA.threetimesbigB.thethirdtimesbiggerC.thethirdtimesbigD.threetimesbiggerAl

16、lofusareproudoftheprogresshesmadeduringthepastfewyears.Yes,weresurehewillbeeven.A.successfulmoresuccessfulmostsuccessfulD.successfully巩固提高二、翻译（根据中文提示完成句子）这只大象比这只熊猫重很多倍。Thiselephantweighsthanthispanda.足球是我校最受欢迎的运动项目之一。FootballTOC o 1-5 h zisgamesinourschool.我的房子是他的房子的三倍大。Myhouseisbighis.但是谁能弹钢琴弹得最好或唱

17、歌唱得最美呢？Butwhocanplaythepianoorsingbeautifully?我认为数学比英语难得多。IthinkmathisthanEnglish.TomistallerthanJim.（改为同义句）JimisthanTom.SusanisfiveyearsoldandLindaisfiveyearsold，too.（改为同义句）SusanisLinda.Mikeisthetallestboyintheclass.（改为同义句）NoboyisMikeintheclass.ShanghaiisthebiggestcityinChina.（改为同义句）Shanghaiisbigge

18、rthancityinChina.Janeistheyoungestinherclass.（改为同义句）Janeisyoungerthaninherclass.一、适当形式填空（单句适当形式）1.Mybrotheristwoyears（old）thanme.第5页/共12页第 页/共12页Isyoursister(young)thanyou?Whosepencilboxis(big),yoursorhers?Benjumps(high)thansomeoftheboysinhisclass.DoesNancysing(well)thanHelen?二、单项选择Todayheisthanyest

19、erday.A.verybetterB.alittlebetterC.wellD.bestThewhitehorseissoA.strongB.strongerC.alittlestrongerD.strongest8.CathydidquiteintheEnglishtest.Ididevenbetter；wellwell；wellwell；betterbetter；better9.OfthetwoAustralianstudents，Maryisone.Ithinkyoucanfindhereasily.A.tallestB.thetallerC.tallerD.thetallest10.

20、TheA.cheapB.cheaperC.expensiveD.moreexpensive11.Hefeelstodaythanyesterday.A.moretiredB.tiredC.moretirederD.muchtiredthebetter.Imshortofmoney.12.Ofthetwotoys，thechildchoseA.themoreexpensiveoneB.onemostexpensiveC.aleastexpensiveD.themostexpensiveofthemThelineisthanthatone.A.morelongerB.notlongC.muchlo

21、ngerD.manymorelongerShanghaiisbiggerthancityinJapan.A.anyB.anyotherC.otherD.theotherWhodiditbetter，BillorHenry?IthinkBilldidjustA.aswellasC.asbetterasHenry.asgoodasmorebadlythan三、完形填空Theelephantsarethelargestanimalsontheland.Theyarein16now.Lotsofpeoplearedestroying（破坏）theplacewherethey17.Mostofthepl

22、aceswheretheylivehavebecomefarmsandhouses,theycantgetenoughplacestolivein18enoughfoodtoeat.Sometimesthereare19elephantsinanareaandthegovernmentkillsthem.Theelephantshavelongtusks（长牙）.Theirtusksareworth（值）alotofmoney.Peoplearekillingthem20tusks.Peoplecanusethetusksforpianokeysand21beautifulthings.Sot

23、hereare22elephantsintheworld.PeopleinCanadacanmakeadifference.Theycangototheplacewhereelephantsliveandstoppeoplefromkillingtheelephants.Whenpeoplefindouttheproducts（产品）madefromelephantstuskstheymightstop23theproducts.Thenpeoplemightstopkillingelephants.Itsourduty24theelephants.Wehavetoreallystopkill

24、ingelephants,too.Thereare25than3,000Africanelephantsand2,000Asianelephantsintheworld.16.A.dangerB.excitementC.safeD.interest17.A.eatB.liveC.restD.birth18.A.butB.soC.inD.and19.A.toomuchB.alittleC.toomanyD.muchmore20.A.withB.forC.toD.at21.A.otherB.othersC.theotherD.another22.A.lessandlessB.moreandmore

25、C.fewerandfewerD.littleandlittle23.A.makingB.takingC.givingD.buying24.A.tokeepB.toteachC.touseD.toprotect25.A.moreB.lessC.fewerD.much阅读理解（东城区南片初二下期末考试题）ATomhasreceivedfourmessagestoday.Readandfindwhattheyare.HiTom,Tom,IvejustfinishedareallyfantasticbookbyCanyouphoneyourmum?ShephonedatBritishwriterca

26、lledPhillipPuliman.Ithinkyou7:30p.m.Shesaysyouneedntcallbackatonce,wouldlikethebook.Doyouwanttoborrowit?Illbutshedliketohearfromyou.DontphoneafterbeatRoom314tomorrowafternoon.10p.m.Shesgotheadache,soshesgoingtoMarcosbedearly.HansHelloTom,Tom,Iamhomeagainaftermyholiday.TheweatherImgoingtobelate.Dontw

27、aitformeatthewasntgreatinFrance,butthatwasnttheproblem.bar.IllgostraighttotherestaurantandseeyouIbrokemylegontheseconddayoftheholiday.Ithere.hadtostayatthehotelwhileotherswereoutallJessday.Iwasreallybored.Whencanyoucomeroundandseeme?David1.Marcosleavesthemessageto,A.shareabookwithTomB.getTomsphoneca

28、llsoonC.tellTomhisstoryinFranceD.askTomtolookafterhismum2.WhereisJessgoingtomeetTom?A.Atthebar.B.Attherestaurant.C.Athishome.D.AtRoom314.3.WhowantstoseeTomsoon?A.Marcos.B.Hismother.C.David.D.Hans.Michaelsbirthdaywascomingsoon，soheaskedhisdadforabicyclesothathewouldnotneedtowalktoschoolanymore.Howeve

29、r，Michaelsdadhadlosthisjobanddidnothavemuchmoney.Michaelgotabookinstead.OnebrightandsunnydaywhileMichaelwaswalkingpastastoreonhiswaytoschool，hesawabigboyonabike.Thebikewastoosmallfortheboy.Astheboywasturningaroundacorner，thebikeskidded（侧滑）onasmallpoolofwaterandhefelloffthebike.TheboywasalsoinMichael

30、sschool.TheboysnamewasWilliam.Williamseemedtohavebrokenhisleg.MichaelpickedupWilliamsbikeandrodetothenearbyhospitaltogethelp.Afewminuteslater，anambulancecameandbroughtWilliamtothehospital.MichaelrodeWilliamsbiketoschoolsohewouldnotbelateforclass.Afterschool，MichaelquicklyrodethebicycletoWilliamshous

31、ewithabookandamagazine.Williamwasnottooseriouslyhurt.Hewenthomeafterhislegwasputinacast石膏）.ToMichaelssurprise，WilliamwasgettinganewbikeonhisbirthdayintwomonthstimeandMichaelcouldhaveWilliamsoldbike.Michaelwasveryhappy.Fromthenon，MichaelandWilliambecamegoodfriends.MichaelvisitedWilliameverydaytillWil

32、liamsleggotwellagain.WhatdidMichaelgetonhisbirthday?Abike.B.Amagazine.C.Abook.D.Afriend.Whichofthefollowingistrue?WilliamhitMichaelonhiswaytoschool.WilliamgavehisoldbicycletoMichael.Michaelbrokehislegintheaccident.Michaelwaslateforschool.Fromthestory,weknowthatMichaelisbraveB.activeC.hard-workingD.w

33、arm-heartedCMonkeysThatLendaHandHaveyoueverdroppedsomethingwhilebothyourhandswerefullandwishedyouhadanotherhandtopickitup?Somepeoplecannotusetheirarmsorhandstodosimplejobsbecausetheyhavebeenhurtoraresick.Usuallytheydependonotherpeopletohelpthem.Thisproblemmadetwowomenthinkabouthowtheycouldhelppeople

34、whocannotdoeverydaythingsforthemselves.In1979Dr.M.J.WillardandJudiZazulabeganlookingatsomesmall，friendlymonkeyscalledcapuchinmonkeys.Thesemonkeyshavehandslikepeopleshands，andtheyliketobearoundpeople.Couldthemonkeysbetrainedtodothingsthatpeoplecouldnotdoforthemselves?Thewomenwantedtofindoutiftheiride

35、awouldwork.Sotheyspentalongtimetrainingsomecapuchinmonkeys，andtheyfoundthattheseanimalsmadegreathelpers.Todaythefirststepintrainingayoungcapuchinmonkeyistohaveitstayhomewithpeopleandwatchhowtheylive.Themonkeyslearnhowtobehavearoundpeople.ThenthemonkeysgotoaspecialschoolinBoston.Theretheylearnhowtodo

36、manyeasychores.Theyaretaughthowtocarryfoodandpickupdroppedobjects.Theylearnhowtoopendoorsandturnlightswitchesonandoff.TheyevenlearnhowtouseCDplayersandVCRs.Afteramonkeyfinishesitstraining，itgoestolivewithapersonwhoneedshelp.Ifthepersonwantsalightturnedon，themonkeydoesit.Ifthepersonneedsaglassofwater

37、，themonkeybringsit.IfthepersonwantstowatchTV，themonkeyturnsiton.Themonkeybecomesaveryimportantpartofthatpersonslife.Infact，themonkeyoftenbecomesthepersonsgoodfriend.Capuchinmonkeysarepeoplesgreathelpersbecause.theylearnmorequicklythanothermonkeystheyhavehandslikepeopleshandstheyliketowatchhowpeoplel

38、ivetheyaresmall，cuteandnaughtyTheunderlinedwordbehavemeansto.A.learnskillsB.actwellC.avoidhurtsD.providehelpWhatisthepassagemainlyabout?Howcapuchinmonkeyscanhelppeopledothings.Whycapuchinmonkeyshandsarelikepeopleshands.Wherescientiststraincapuchinmonkeystohelppeople.Whenpeoplefoundcapuchinmonkeyswer

39、ehelpful.Hersheychocolatehasbecomefamousaroundtheworld.ButdidyouknowthattheHersheychocolatefactoryisonlyaboutonehundredyearsold?Anddidyouknowthatthefounder（创办人）ofHersheyChocolate,MiltonHershey,hadmanyfailures（失败）inbusinessbeforehestartedhisfamouscompany?MiltonHersheygrewupinafarmcountryofPennsylvani

40、a.Beforehestartedmakingchocolate，MiltonHersheywasaprinter.Heworkedforasmallnewspaperandthenhedecidedtochangeajob.Laterhegotajobatacandyfactory.Afterworkingafewyearsatthefactory，hedecidedtoopenhisownlittlecandybusiness.Hisfirstbusinesshadtoclosedownbecauseitwasnotmakingmoney.Afterthat，hetraveledtoDenver,Colorado,tolearnhowtomakecaramels（焦糖）.HetookhisnewskillsbacktoNewYorkandworkedsellingcandiesonthestreet.Butthissecondbusinessalsofailed.Finally,MiltonHersheymovedbacktothefarmcountrywher