丁香栽培技术讲课稿

1、Good is good, but better carries it.精益求精，善益求善。丁香栽培技术-丁香栽培技术丁香为丁香花的简称,又名紫丁香、百结花等,为木樨科香花属落叶灌木或小乔木。植株高45m,树皮暗灰色或灰褐色,有沟裂,枝条光滑无毛。叶卵圆形或肾脏形,先端锐尖,叶基心脏形,全缘,革质。初春开花,花单瓣或重瓣,开于前年小枝上,顶生或腋生,花端四裂,筒状,呈圆锥花序,瓣柔色紫,清香袭人,为我国着名园林花卉。DingXiangDingXiangspentashort,alsoknownaspurpleDingXiang,raggedflowers,osmanthusflowersfor

2、familiesisadeciduousshruborsmalltree.Plantswithhigh45m,thebarkdarkgrayorgray-brown,afissure,branchesglabrous.Leavesovateorreniform,apexacute,leafbasecordate,marginentire,leathery.Earlyspringflowersblossom,singleordouble,openedintheyearbranchlets,terminaloraxillary,blossomendfourcrack,cylindrical,sho

3、wpanicle,flapsoftpurplecolor,fragranceXiren,asChinasfamousgardenflowers.一、地块选择A,siteselection丁香性喜阳光,忌积水,耐寒耐旱,一般不需多浇水。要求肥沃、排水良好的砂壤土,切忌栽于低洼阴湿处。如果栽在荫蔽环境中,则枝条细长较弱,花少且花序短小而松散。若种植在瘠薄的土地上,虽然也能生长,但花少,且长势瘦弱。因此,宜栽在向阳、肥沃、土层深厚的地方。Clovelikesunlight,avoidseeper,coldanddroughtresistance,generallydonotneedwatering.

4、Requirementsofsandyloamsoilfertile,well-drained,avoidbyallmeansisplantedinthelow-lyingdamp.Ifplantedinshadeenvironmentisweak,slimbranches,flowersandinflorescencesshortandloose.Ifplantedinpoorsoil,althoughalsocangrow,butspendless,andgrowingthin.Therefore,shouldbeplantedinsunny,fertile,deepsoil.二、苗木繁殖

5、Two,seedlingbreeding1.种子繁殖,910月份,蒴果由绿色变为黄褐色,为种子成熟标志,应立即连同果枝剪下,以防种子散失。从小枝上采集果穗后及时放入通风干燥的室内阴干,不宜曝晒,以免种子强度失水而丧失生命力。在室内堆放厚度45cm,并经常翻动使其慢慢阴干,待有2/3蒴果开裂时,即可用柳条或其他木棒抽打脱粒,除去毗籽即得净籽。用清水浸泡种子,每5d换1次水,1个月后捞出用0.03%的高锰酸钾消毒2h,然后进行催芽(可常温也可加温),但要经常翻动。选择土质疏松肥沃的砂质土壤、排水良好、较干燥的地块,做成长10m、宽1.5m、高1520cm的高床,底肥施碳铵150225kg/hm2、

6、腐熟有机肥3045t/hm2,并用硫酸亚铁150kg/hm2或退菌特150225kg/hm2进行土壤消毒。秋季播种,秋播种子不必处理,采种后即在10月下旬播种,播幅宽8cm,行距宽20cm,沟深23cm,覆土厚度2.02.5cm,播后秋灌,以利保墒。翌年春发芽早,出苗也整齐。春季播种,处理过的种子经过催芽有30%种子裂嘴露白,4月下旬开始播种,技术同秋播。试验表明,春播比秋播效果好,虽然出苗迟,但出苗整齐,出苗率较高,而且生长略高。1seedbreeding,910month,capsulechangefromgreentobrown,asseedmaturity,shouldimmediat

7、elywiththebranchcut,toavoidseedloss.Collectionearfrombranchletstimelyinventilatedanddryroomtodry,unfavorableinsolate,lestseedstrengthlossandlossofvitality.Stacked45cmthicknessintheinterior,andoftenfliptoslowlyup,staywith2/3capsuledehiscing,thewickerorotherwoodenwhipthreshing,removalofadjacentseedtha

8、tnetseed.Seedssoakedwithwater,each5Din1water,1monthsafterthefishoutwithpotassiumpermanganatedisinfection2H0.03%,andthengermination(temperatureorheating),butalwaysturn.Selectthesoilloosefertilesandysoil,gooddrainage,dryland,dohighbed10m,wide1.5m,grow1520cm,basicfertilizerammoniumbicarbonate150225kg/h

9、m2,decomposedorganicfertilizer3045t/hm2,andferroussulfate150kg/hm2ortuzet150225kg/hm2tosoildisinfection.Autumnsowing,sowingtheseedswithouttreatment,afterseedinlateOctobersowing,sowingwidth8cm,rowspacing,20cm,depth23cm,coveringsoilthickness2.02.5cm,aftersowinginautumnirrigation,soilmoisture.Inthespri

10、ngofthenextyearearlygermination,seedlingemergenceandneat.Springsowing,treatedseedsaftergerminationwith30%seedscrackmouthwhite,startinginlateAprilsowing,withautumn.Experimentsshowthat,inspringthanautumnsowingeffectisgood,althoughtheemergenceoflate,butneatemergence,seedlingemergencerateishigher,andthe

11、growthofslightlyhigher.2.扦插繁殖,可用嫩枝扦插和硬枝扦插。丁香的硬枝扦插是取一至二年生健壮枝条作插穗,直接插入温床,使其生根发芽而形成新的植物体。通常是春季花谢后1个月剪取顶枝进行扦插,插穗的长度为1015cm,带有23对芽节,其中1对芽节埋入土中,在25条件下,3040d生根,当幼根由白变为黄褐色时开始移苗栽植。嫩枝扦插在78月进行,选当年生的粗壮枝条,剪成15cm左右长的插条,插入事先准备好的苗床内,并适当遮荫,保持湿润,50d左右生根。若插前用500g/g的吲哚丁酸快速处理插穗,可使扦插生根率达80%以上。扦插成活后,第2年春季移植。2cuttingpropag

12、ation,availablesoftwoodcuttingandhardwoodcuttings.DingXiangshardbranchcuttingisabiennialbranchestorobustascuttings,directlyintotheground,causingittotakerootandtheformationofnewthallus.Springflowersareusually1monthsafterclippingtopcuttings,cuttingsoflength1015cm,with23onthebudsection,1sectionofbudisb

13、uriedinthesoil,intheconditionof25,3040drooting,startedplantingwhentransplantingrootsfromwhitetobrown.Softwoodcuttingwascarriedoutin78months,selectedthestoutbranches,cutintoabout15cmlongcuttings,insertapreparedseedbed,andtheappropriateshade,moist,about50Drooting.IftherapidprocessingofcuttingswithIBA5

14、00g/gbeforecutting,canmaketheSonerateofmorethan80%.Thecuttingsurvivalaftersecondyearspring,transplantation.3.嫁接繁殖,嫁接可用芽接或枝接。芽接法:芽接可于78月进行,枝接则在早春萌动前进行为好。嫁接所用砧木一般为女贞、水蜡、流苏、丁香等。女贞砧木萌芽容易,应随时剪除,否则数年后仍为女贞而非丁香。接穗要选用当年生健壮枝条上的饱满叶芽,砧木选用一至二年生丁香实生苗。嫁接时,接穗上的叶片要剪掉,只留叶柄,然后在芽的上方1cm处横切1刀,再从芽的下方1.01.5cm处向上平削,将皮层内的木质部

15、剥掉。把砧木距地面5cm至10cm处横切1刀,再从切口中间向下切长3cm左右的立刀,使之呈“T”字形,然后轻轻地把皮剥开,将接穗插入“T”字口内,接穗与砧木要紧密对合,最后用塑料薄膜条捆绑即可。芽接后23周,如果接穗上的叶柄自然脱落,说明芽已成活,这时可解除塑料条。枝接法:一般在早春萌动前进行,接穗长度为810cm,带2对芽节,将接穗下部两边削成斜面。砧木选用一至二年生丁香实生苗,在离地面510cm处切掉顶部,再从砧木的断面上垂直向下劈开1条缝,然后将接穗插入。接穗的斜面与砧木要紧密吻合,用塑料条捆绑好。为防止嫁接刀口处失水过多,可用湿润的土埋上,待接穗上的芽萌动后,去掉覆盖的土。也可秋、冬季

16、采条,经露地埋藏于翌春枝接,接穗当年可长至5080cm,第2年萌动前需将枝干离地面3040cm处短截,促其萌发侧枝。靠接法:将丁香接穗与砧木,各削1个相同大小的接口,将两者紧密地捆绑在一起。当刀口产生愈伤组织后,将砧木从接口上方1cm处将顶枝剪掉,将接穗从接口下方1cm处剪断,使之成为一个新的植物体。3grafting,buddingorgraftinggraftingavailable.Thebudding:graftingcanbein78months,graftingbehaviorofgoodprogressinearlyspring.Therootstocksgenerallypri

17、vet,wax,tassels,cloveetc.Ligustrumrootstocksprouteasily,shouldbecutoff,otherwisethenumberofyearsstilltoprivetinsteadofclove.ScionshouldchoosetheHalebranchoffullbuds,stockselectiontoabiennialcloveseedlings.Graftingscion,bladetocutoff,leavingonlythepetiole,andthenintheabove1cmcrosscutbud1knife,frombud

18、below1.01.5cmtoflatcut,thecortexinthexylemof.Thestockof5cmfromgroundto10cm1cuttingknife,thencutdownfromthemiddlecutlengthisabout3cmverticalknife,toformaTshape,andthengentlypullingofftheshell,thescionisinsertedintotheTwordofmouth,scionandrootstockshouldcloselytogether,finally,theplasticfilmstripbundl

19、eyoucan.23weeksaftergrafting,ifpetiolescionsonfalloffnaturally,thatbudhassurvived,thenremoveplasticstrip.Thegraftingmethod:usuallyinthespringbeforegerminating,scionlengthis810cm,with2onthetwosidesofthelowerpartofthescionbud,cutslope.Stockchoosesonetoalilacseedlings,fromtheground510cmcutoffthetop,the

20、nfromtherootstocksectionverticallysplit1slits,thescionistheninsertedintothe.Thebevelandrootstocksciontofittogether,bundledwithplasticstrips.Inordertopreventgraftincisionslosingtoomuchwater,canbeusedwetsoil,thescionofthebudding,removethecoversoil.Alsocanfall,winter,theoutdoorburiedintheYichunsciongra

21、fting,theyearofupto5080cm,secondyearsbeforegerminatingthebranchesfromtheground3040cmstub,promotethegerminationofcollateral.inarching:willDingXiangscionandrootstock,eachcut1thesamesizeofinterface,thetwoarecloselytiedtogether.Whenthebladecallus,thestockfromtheinterfaceof1cmabovethetopbrancheswillbecut

22、,thescionfrombeneaththeinterfaceof1cmcut,makeitbecomeanewplant.4.压条繁殖,以2月进行最好。将根际萌蘖条压入土中,若枝条太粗可刻伤后再压。压后保持土壤湿润,23个月可生根,当年秋季即可隔离母株,另行栽植。The4layering,inFebruarywasthebest.Therootsuckeringpressureintotheearth,WakajiJotacrudecancutpressure.Keepthesoilmoistpressure,23monthscanberooted,autumncanbeisolatedm

23、aternalplant,separatelycultivated.5.分株繁殖,一般在早春萌芽前或秋季落叶后进行。将植株根际的萌蘖苗带根掘出,另行栽植,或将整墩植株掘出分丛栽植。秋季分株需先假植,翌春移栽。栽前对地上枝条进行适当修剪。5rametspropagation,usuallyinearlyspringorautumnleaves.Theplantrhizospheresproutingseedlingwithrootout,separatelycultivated,orwillthewholepierplantdigclusteringplanting.Autumnrametsto

24、heel,nextspringtransplanting.Properpruningofabovegroundshootsbeforetransplanting.三、适时移栽Three,timelytransplanting丁香宜在早春芽萌动前进行移栽,栽植时,需带上土坨,并适当剪去部分枝条,栽植三至四年生大苗,应对地上枝干进行强修剪,一般从离地面30cm处截干,翌年即可开出繁茂的花来。株距23m,还可根据配置要求进行调整。栽植时多选二至三年生苗,栽植穴直径7080cm,深5060cm。每穴施充分腐熟的有机肥料1kg及骨粉100600g,与土壤充分混合作基肥,基肥上面再盖1层土,然后放苗填土。

25、DingXiangyiwasintheearlyspringbudtransplanting,beforeplanting,takesoilTuo,andappropriatetocutoffpartofbranches,threetofouryearsplantingseedlings,dealwiththegroundbranchesstrongpruning,generallyfromtheground30cmstemcuttingcanbeopened,thelushflowers.Spacingof23m,alsocanbeadjustedaccordingtorequirement

26、s.Whenplantedmoretwotothreeyearsofseedlings,plantingholediameter7080cm,depth5060cm.Eachwasfullydecomposedorganicfertilizer1kgandpowder100600g,fullymixedwiththesoilfertilizer,fertilizertopandthencoveredwith1layerofsoil,thentheseedlingsoil.四、肥水管理Four,fertilizerandwatermanagement丁香对肥料要求不高,切忌施肥过多,否则易引起徒

27、长,从而影响花芽形成,反而使开花减少。HYPERLINK/酿酒设备但在花后应施些磷、钾肥及氮肥,每株磷、钾肥不超过75g,再加氮肥25g即可。若施用厩肥或堆肥,需充分腐熟并与土壤均匀拌合,每株施500g左右。一般每年或隔年入冬前施1次腐熟的堆肥,即可补足土壤中的养分。栽后灌足水,以后每隔10d浇1次水,连续浇35次。每次浇水后都要松土保墒,以利提高土温,促进新根迅速长出。以后每年春季,当芽萌动、开花前后需各浇1次透水,浇后立即中耕保墒。灌溉可依地区不同而有别,华北地区,46月是丁香生长旺盛并开花的季节,每月要浇23次透水,7月以后进入雨季时,要注意排水防涝。至11月中旬入冬前要灌足冻水。Din

28、gXiangdoesnothavehighrequirementsonthefertilizer,avoidtoomuchfertilizer,otherwiseeasilyleadtoexcessivegrowth,thusaffectingtheflowerbudformation,buttheblossomreduction.Butintheflowersshouldbeappliedmorephosphorus,potassiumandnitrogen,phosphorus,potassiumfertilizerperplantdoesnotexceed75g,plusnitrogen

29、fertilizer25g.Iftheapplicationofmanureorcompost,needtofullymaturedandsoilmixing,eachtreewasabout500g.GeneralannualorbiennialbeforewinterShi1compost,cancomplementthenutrientinsoil.Afterplanting,irrigationwater,after1timesofwaterevery10dcasting,continuouscasting35.Everytimeafterwateringtosoilmoisture,

30、inordertoimprovethesoiltemperature,promotingtherapidgrowthofnewroot.Afterayearinthespring,whenthebud,blossombeforeandafterthewater1timeswater,pouredimmediatelyafterthecultivationconservation.Accordingtodifferentirrigationareaisdifferent,inNorthChina,46monthclovevigorousgrowthandblossomseason,amontht

31、ocast23permeable,Julyafterenteringtherainyseason,shouldpayattentiontodrainage.UntilthemiddleofNovemberbeforewintertofillcoldwater.五、修剪Five,pruning丁香的修剪一般在春季萌动前进行,主要剪除细弱枝、过密枝、枯枝及病枝,并合理保留好更新枝。花谢以后,如不留种,可将残花连同花穗下部2个芽剪掉,同时疏除部分内膛过密枝条,HYPERLINK/太阳能热水工程有利通风透光和树形美观,有利促进萌发新枝和形成花芽。HYPERLINK/防渗膜价格落叶后可把病虫枝、枯枝、纤细枝剪去,并对交叉枝、徒长枝、重叠枝、过密枝进行适当短截,使枝条分布匀称,保持树冠圆整,以利翌年生长和开花。DingXiangp