2020新牛津高一下第三册unit 1Nature in the balance基础知识

1、新牛津高一下第三册unit1Natureinthebalance基础知识一、词汇拓展1.harmn./v.伤害，损害adj.有害的adj.无害的对.造成伤害2.是的家园/栖息地3.awiderangeof4.judgingfrom/by5.significancen.重要性adj.重要的6.maintainthebalanceof7.believev.相信adj.难以置信的n.信念，信仰8.varyv.变化n.不同种类adj.各种各样的9.closetoextinction10.agriculturen.农业adj.农业的11.impactv./n.影响对.有影响12.affordv.承担，支

2、付adj.可支付得起的13.regionn.地区，区域adj.区域的，地方的14.makecomparisonsbetween.and.15.globen.地球，地球仪adj.全球的全球变暖16.leadingadj.重要的，一流的v.引导，带领n.领袖17.applicationn.应用，申请v.应用，申请n.申请者18.organizationn.组织，安排v.组织，筹备n.组织者19.devotedadj.热衷的，专心致志的v.奉献专心于，致力于.20.enterv.进入n.入口21.survivev.幸存n.幸存n.幸存者1absoluteadj.绝对的adv.22.springtom

3、ind23.getridof24.economyn.经济adj.经济的n.经济学家adj.节约的25.goldn.金子adj.金（黄）色的，美好的goldenrule26.pooradj.n.liftpeopleoutofpoverty27.fortunen.命运，运气，巨款adjadv.28.separatev.分开，分离adj.可分离的adj.不可分离的，形影不离的29.interactionn.交流，相互作用v.交流，合作与.交流30.appropriate适当的，合适的adv.适当地，合适地31.consequencen.结果，重要性adj.必然的，随之发生的32.poisonn.毒药

4、adj.有毒的33.chemicaln.化学制品，adj化学的n.化学家n.化学34.inspirev.鼓舞，激励n.鼓舞，灵感adj.令人鼓舞的adj.感到鼓舞的35.ontherise36.achieveabalancebetween.and.37.defendv.抵御，辩护n.抵御，辩护为.辩护或解释38.drawonesattentionto39.eageradj.热切的n.热切渴望做某事40.workhardinhand41.breathelifeinto【参考答案】1.harmn./v.伤害，损害harmfuladj.有害的harmlessadj.无害的2.doharmto对.造成

5、伤害3.behometo是的家园/栖息地4.awiderangeof许多不同的/各种各样的5.judgingfrom/by根据.判断6.significancen.重要性significantadj.重要的7.maintainthebalanceof保持.的平衡8.believev.相信unbelievableadj.难以置信的beliefn.信念，信仰9.varyv.变化varietyn.不同种类variousadj.各种各样的10.closetoextinction接近灭绝11.agriculturen.农业agriculturaladj.农业的12.impactv./n.影响havean

6、impacton对.有影响13.affordv.承担，支付affordableadj.可支付得起的14.regionn.地区，区域regionaladj.区域的，地方的15.makecomparisonsbetween.and.在.之间作对比16.globen.地球，地球仪globaladj.全球的globalwarming全球变暖17.leadingadj.重要的，一流的leadv.引导，带领leadern.领袖18.applicationn.应用，申请applyv.应用，申请applicantn.申请者19.organizationn.组织，安排organizev.组织，筹备organiz

7、ern.组织者20.devotedadj.热衷的，专心致志的devotev.奉献devoteto专心于，致力于.21.enterv.进入entrancen.入口22.survivev.幸存survivaln.幸存survivorn.幸存者23.1absoluteadj.绝对的absolutelyadv.24.springtomind突然想起25.getridof摆脱26.economyn.经济economicadj.经济的economistn.经济学家economicaladj.节约的27.goldn.金子goldenadj.金（黄）色的，美好的goldenrule黄金法则28.pooradj

8、.povertyn.liftpeopleoutofpoverty摆脱贫困29.fortunen.命运，运气，巨款fortunateadjfortunatelyadv.30.separatev.分开，分离separableadj.可分离的inseparableadj.不可分离的，形影不离的31.interactionn.交流，相互作用interactv.交流，合作interactwith与.交流32.appropriate适当的，合适的appropriatelyadv.适当地，合适地33.consequencen.结果，重要性consequentlyadj.必然的，随之发生的34.poisonn

9、.毒药poisonousadj.有毒的35.chemicaln.化学制品，adj化学的chemistn.化学家chemistryn.化学36.inspirev.鼓舞，激励inspirationn.鼓舞，灵感inspiringadj.令人鼓舞的37.inspiredadj.感到鼓舞的38.ontherise不断上升39.achieveabalancebetween.and.在.之间达到平衡40.defendv.抵御，辩护defensen.抵御，辩护indefenseof为.辩护或解释41.drawonesattentionto吸引.注意力42.eageradj.热切的eagernessn.热切b

10、eeagertodosth.渴望做某事43.workhardinhand携手努力工作44.breathelifeinto注入生机一、单句语法填空1.Beingexposedtosunlightfortoolongwilldoharmyourskin.2.Youdbettergiveupusingthatkindofmedicine,becauseitmaybe(harm)toyourstomach.3.Onourwaytothecampingsite,itbegantorain.Wetook(shelter)underaroofanddecidedtowaitforthe4.Whatspart

11、icularlyinterestingistheattitude(vary)citieshavetowardDubanchetscause.5.Yourcampprovidesagoodchanceforme,whereIcanknowmoreaboutothercountries,andturntellthemsomethingaboutChina.6.Atotaleclipse(日食）isdue_(take)placesometimetomorrow.7.Youwereveryrudetohimjustnow,for_youshouldmakeanapologytohim.8.Themov

12、ieisabout_andthechoicespeoplemakewhentheywantto_.Inthemoviethe_havemuchdifficultyin_.(survive)9.Anunhappychildhoodmayhavesomenegativeimpacts_apersonscharacter.However,theyarenotalwayspermanent(永久的）.10._(judge)fromhischeerfulmanner,hemusthaveenjoyedhismeal.【参考答案】1.to,2.harmful,3.shelter,4.various,5.i

13、n6.totake,7.which,8.survival;survive;survivors;surviving/survival,9.on/upon,10.Judging二、用方框内短语的适当形式填空1.Onenightinthepouringrain,Tomscarontheroad.Sohehadtocallthepolicetoaskforhelp.2.Historyisasubjectthatonlytellsussomethinginhistory;italsotellsusthetruth.3.Theydidcometolistentomylecture,butIdidntkno

14、wforsurehowmuchthey.4.Manyspeciesareindangerofextinctionnowtheactionsofthehumanrace.5.Youneedresttoyourstrengthafteryourillness.6.ThenewchefhasthefailingFrenchrestaurant.7.Onthelongjourneyhome,theydrovethecar.8.Theyhuddled(挤在一起)intheshopdoorwaytotheheavyrain.【参考答案】1.brokedown2.morethan3.takein4.duet

15、urn8.shelterfrom三、课文语法填空（1）Asthe1(large)rainforestintheworld,theAmazonrainforestplaysanimportantpart2maintainingthebalanceofEarthsecosystem.TheAmazonRiver,from3therainforestgetsitsname,supportsmanydifferentecosystems,4(give)thisareatherichestbiodiversityontheEarth.Fro

16、mthetallandancientbrazilnuttreestothewaterlilies,theforestsdifferentlevelsprovidefoodandshelterfor5greatvarietyofwildlife.TheAmazonrainforestisalsohometomorethan1,300speciesofbirdsandover400speciesofmammals.Forexample,thejaguar,closetoextinctioninotherareas,can6(find)here.7(know)asthelungsoftheplane

17、t,theAmazonrainforest8(breathe)lifeintotheplanetbyfixingcarbonandproducingover20percentofalltheEarthsoxygen.9,17percentoftherainforesthasdisappearedduetohuman10(activity)suchasagricultureandcattlefarming.【参考答案】largest,in,which,giving,a,befound,Known,breathes,However,activities（2）Thetopictodayispollu

18、tioninNorgate.JamesSmith,1localresident,believesthatheavyindustryfactoriescontribute2pollution,andtheyhavetogoforhealthandsafetyreasons.VincentBrown,seniormanagerofalocalfactory,arguesthatpeopleshouldpayattentiontotheeconomicbenefitsfactorieshavebroughttoNorgateandthatfactories3(create)manyjobsforlocalresidentsandhelpedthecityseconomygrow.Thefactorieshavebeentakingvarious4(measure),includingtheuseofnewtechnologies,5(reduce)pollutioninthepr