特选贯彻落实科学发展观大力发展建筑节能20231118-英文revised

1、PAGE - 18 -Continuing the Development of ScienceImplementation on Energy Efficiency for BuildingsThe significance of greater efforts for energy saving in the construction sector ()It is an important field where the national energy conservation strategy applies.China has entered the rapid development

2、 stage of industrialization and urbanization. Similar to most of the developed countries, it will have to go through the rapid increase of energy demands and fast adjustment of the energy mix. Its a huge challenge for China to ensure secure, economy and reliable energy supply and foster a sustainabl

3、e energy development approach with Chinese characteristics. According to research by relevant agencies, with the same-targeted economic growth, different policies and measures can contribute to different energy structures and energy efficiency. The difference can be as great as nearly 800 million to

4、ns of coal equivalent in terms of primary energy use by the year 2023. In other words, different options of energy development strategies will generate different impacts on energy supply, energy security, environmental protection etc.Meanwhile, the structure of energy demand is bound to change great

5、ly as the peoples living standard and their consumption structure improve. Its forecasted that the construction and transportation sectors will see higher growth rates of energy demand than the industrial sector. Their growth rates will also be higher than that of the total energy demand. The energy

6、 consumption in those two sectors accounts for 35% of the overall social consumption and will rise to 57% to 75% by the year 2023, becoming the most important driving factor for the increase of energy demand. () Energy saving is required by the sustainable development of the construction sector.Curr

7、ent development of construction sector(1)Rapid boom of housing and building industry and rapid increase of relevant energy demand. The annual floorage of newly finished houses and buildings totaled 1.8 to 2 billion square meters. It is estimated that this trend of rapid rise will continue for 15 yea

8、rs or so due to accelerating improvement of peoples livelihood and faster urbanization pace. Statistics shows the energy consumed in the construction and use periods of buildings accounts for 44.3% of the overall social energy consumption. In the construction period, the energy consumed for producin

9、g construction materials accounts for 16.7% of the total social energy consumption. In the use period, relevant energy consumption has kept increasing rapidly in the past two decades, up by 5.4% annually, accounting for 27.6% of Chinas total energy consumption in 2023. The figure was only 10% in 197

10、8. According to experience of developed countries, the energy consumed in the use period of various buildings will gradually go up to 35% of the total social end-consumption of energy, taking the largest share of total social energy use.(2) Low building energy efficiency and huge potential for energ

11、y conservation. At present, the energy consumed for heating or air-conditioning in area per unit in China is 2 to 3 times that of the developed countries even with similar climate conditions. The thermal property of building enclosures is far from good. Energy conservation in this regard has become

12、a priority for enhancing the overall social energy-use efficiency. Determination should be made now to step up efforts in construction related energy saving. The design of new buildings should fully observe relevant energy saving standards. The existing buildings should undergo gradual reforms. Thro

13、ugh this move, it is estimated the construction related energy consumption of China could decrease by 335 million tons of coal equivalent annually by 2023, accounting for 42% of that years total energy saving potential, equivalent to the overall energy consumption of the United Kingdom in 2023.There

14、fore to push forward energy saving in various buildings is conducive to better energy-use efficiency. Energy saving is an important aspect in ensuring national energy security and building an energy-saving society. We should readjust our key points in energy saving strategy, with more emphasis on sa

15、ving energy use in buildings instead of energy supply cut in the industrial sector. Effective measures should be taken to improve energy conservation policies, laws, regulations, technical standards and assistance to fully explore the potential for energy saving in the construction and use periods o

16、f various buildings and to push the energy saving work in the field to leap forward. At the same time, we should further our efforts in the “four savings program by taking the energy saving campaign as the first step to overcome possible difficulties ahead. Energy-efficient and land-saving buildings

17、 for residence and public utilities are encouraged so as to realize a fundamental change of the construction modes in both urban and rural areas and help to achieve the target of building energy-efficient and resource-saving cities and townships. Progress in energy saving in buildings and existing p

18、roblems() Progress1. A system of design standards on energy saving in buildings has taken initial shape with the aim to cut 50% of energy consumption. In 2001, 2023 and 2023, the Chinese Ministry of Construction issued and implemented The Energy Saving Design Standards for Residential Buildings in A

19、reas with Hot Summer and Cold Winter, The Energy Saving Design Standards for Residential Buildings in Areas with Hot Summer and Warm Winter, The Energy Saving Design Standards for Public Works respectively. The system of standards covers residential buildings and public works in all Chinas three cli

20、mate zones. Economically developed areas such as Beijing, Tianjin etc have set 65% of energy cut as the target in their design standards. 2. Supervision and management of energy saving in buildings have been strengthened. In order to ensure the real implementation of energy-saving design standards,

21、existing administrative licensing measures have been fully tapped to enhance administrative supervision and management, including planning licensing, examination of working drawing designs, start licensing, construction supervision, completion acceptance etc. To this end, relevant documents have als

22、o been rolled out, including Notice on Strengthening the Examination of Energy saving in Civilian Construction Projects (Jian Ke2023 No. 174) and Notice on Strict Implementation of Energy Saving Design Standards in New Residential Buildings (Jian Ke2023 No.55), giving detailed provisions on intensif

23、ying supervision and management of new buildings for their compliance with the energy saving design standards. 3. Special plans, relevant policies and regulations have been designed to further clarify the target, approach and planned arrangements for the work of energy conservation. 4. The reform of

24、 heat supply system has been improved, setting more requirements concerning the replacement of the welfare heat supply system by a commercialized system, the gradual adoption of a system which calculates charges against actual heat use and the active promotion of energy-saving reforms of current res

25、idential buildings and heat supply facilities in urban areas etc. Reform of heat supply system and pilot programs for charging heat supply against actual use have been conducted in urban areas in north, northeast and northwest of China. 5. Research on how to tackle key technical obstacles and pilot

26、areas for energy saving in buildings have been arranged. Practices show that the pilot energy saving programs (in communities) play a big role in formulating the national target of energy saving ratio at 50%, designing relevant technical standards, promoting the formation of policies, regulations, t

27、echnical standards, collection of standard charts, and technological research, development, popularization and application.6. The international cooperation has contributed greatly to Chinas energy saving in buildings. Foreign concept, technologies and experience have been brought into China through

28、cooperation with various countries and international organizations. On the whole, the work mentioned above reflects the progress in energy saving in buildings. Energy saving in this field has gone through the stage featuring piloting programs, technological research and development, experience accum

29、ulation in the past and entered the stage of full implementation right now. ()Existing problems1. Low compliance ratio with energy saving design standards among new buildings.(1) Only small number of new buildings carried out the energy saving design standards to the full extent. According to latest

30、 survey, from 2000 to 2023, the projects designed in compliance with the energy saving standards account for 58.5% of the total number of projects across different climate zones of China, the projects actually constructed in compliance with the standards accounted for 23.3%. The two figures were 90.

31、1% and 30.6% in cold or extremely cold areas while they were 20% and 14.4% respectively in areas with hot summers and cold winters, both 11.2% in areas with hot summers and warms winters. The survey showed that only a low ratio of buildings reached the energy saving design standards. The situation i

32、s not optimistic. (2) The work on energy saving for new buildings develops differently in different climate zones or areas with different levels of economic performance. In the northern part of China where the standards were adopted at an earlier time, the compliance ratio with the standards among n

33、ew buildings is relatively higher, while in southern China or in areas in the middle, the work for energy saving was not in its full swing. It has just started. Even within the same area, the economically developed parts may be making rapid progress in energy saving, and the underdeveloped parts may

34、 not perform so well.2. Serious problems of the highly energy-consuming and low energy-efficient public works. The large-scale public works refer to buildings over 20 thousand square meters, with central air-conditioning, either for public use or commercial use, such as large supermarkets, shopping

35、malls, hotels, office buildings, traffic centers etc. The floorage of these buildings accounts for only 5% to 7% of the total floorage of the buildings in urban areas but serious problems exist, including high energy consumption and low energy use efficiency. According to a survey conducted by Tsing

36、hua University and Tongji University on through testing and assessment of the energy consumption of large-scale public works in Beijing, Shanghai etc, the average electricity use of the large public works was 100 to 300 kwh per square meter, more than 10 times of the electricity use in residential b

37、uildings (excluding electricity use for heating). In the large cities of China, the total electricity consumption of the large buildings is more or less the same as that of all residential buildings. During the ninth five-year plan period and the tenth five-plan period, the construction of residenti

38、al buildings is a key aspect of the urban construction in China. However, a number of large public works are rocketing which is to result in a dramatic jump of total electricity consumption. Therefore effective measures must be taken to curb it. 3. Poor energy saving performance of new buildings The

39、 Air-conditioning Research Institute of the China Academy of Building Research has taken 2 years to examine the energy saving performance of nearly 2 million square meters of different types of buildings finished in recent years in Beijing. According to the examination results, a large percentage of

40、 all buildings failed to meet the 50% energy saving target. The failure is quite big as the energy saving rate is only 30% in these buildings. There are similar problems in other cities or regions. The major reasons contributing to the poor performance of the buildings in terms of energy saving were

41、 the poor quality of the energy-saving construction materials, poor construction techniques, inadequate quality control and the lack of energy saving management throughout the operation process of the heating or air-conditioning system. These fail to ensure good energy conservation in new buildings.

42、 4. Slow reform of heating supply system The reform of current heat supply system is a tough issue. It has a big impact on social stability and thus requires all-dimensional consideration before pushing it forward in an appropriate manner. The transformation of existing highly energy consuming build

43、ings into energy-efficient ones is hard to start due to inadequate economic policy support and common problems in northern China such as low collection rate of heat fees, aging of heat supply facilities and social security issues of the families with low income. At present, the heat fees are calcula

44、ted by the heating area and funded by the working units of the heat users. The heat users dont have the active initiative to save energy. No readjustment mechanism for heat charging is in place. The expected energy-saving buildings fail to cut actual daily energy consumption due to the above factors

45、. This can be reflected specifically in the three “has not dropped: the total energy use in energy-saving buildings has not dropped, the heat spending of the general public has not dropped and the governmental fiscal subsidy has not dropped. Therefore the public has little interest in buying energy-

46、efficient buildings. There is neither the fundamental driving force to boost the market demand for such kind of buildings nor any force to encourage the property developers to design and construct such buildings in compliance with relevant standards.5. Slow cultivation of market that offers energy c

47、onservation services The successful experience of foreign countries convinced us that the cultivation and formation of an energy conservation service market is a necessary trend to promote the energy use efficiency in various buildings. It will enhance further development of energy saving in buildin

48、gs. China is actively exploring in this field and starting relevant work. There has not been an established system of energy conservation service. The building energy efficiency examination, certification, labeling, energy auditing, operation, consulting services and in particular, the financing mec

49、hanism have not been initiated or just started their first steps. Relevant agencies or organs have weak capacity in dealing with specific affairs. All these blocked the full operation of the energy saving in buildings. 6. Weak governmental capacity to drive forth energy saving in buildings For a lon

50、g period of time in future, energy saving in buildings should be integrated as an important component of the state energy strategy and requires centralized planning and arrangement. The government needs to give policy and legal guidance and regulate relevant standards, technologies and fiscal invest

51、ment. Numerous efforts wait to be made by the government. However the governmental capacity of promoting the energy saving in the construction sector at the national level is far from strong, either in terms of management or enforcement capacity. This can be seen clearly in the following respects: t

52、he government currently has weak ability to set strategic planning, related technical standards, policies and regulations that are better applicable to the current conditions of energy saving in buildings; it fails to exercise forceful implementation, supervision and control; it fails to accelerate

53、the popularization of the energy saving in buildings; in a word, it fails to give adequate and excellent performance in this regard. Major target, approach and measures for the work on energy saving in buildings() Major targetAccording to The Mid and Long-term Development Planning for Energy Conserv

54、ation issued by the State Council, the total energy use in buildings is expected to reduce by 101 million tons of coal equivalent during the 11th five-year plan period, with the accumulated floorage of energy-efficient buildings rising to 2.146 billion square meters, of which 1.59 billion square met

55、ers are new buildings aiming at a 50% cut of energy consumption or 70.30 million tons of coal equivalent. The accumulated floorage of existing buildings that will be transformed for energy saving purposes is to be 550 million square meters, with the energy consumption cut by 31 million tons of coal

56、equivalent.() Working approachThe Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the State Council attach great importance to energy conservation in buildings and made a number of key instructions. The 5th plenum of the 16th CPC Central Committee calls for further implementing a scienti

57、fic development notion, transforming the mode of economic growth and building up an energy-efficient and resource-saving society. President and Party general secretary Hu Jintao has give clear directions recently on the work of energy saving in buildings, saying that greater efforts should be taken

58、to promote and accelerate the energy saving in buildings through classified guidance and mechanism innovation. In compliance with the requirements set by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, the working approach for energy saving in buildings is defined as follows:We should adopt a high

59、strategic perspective, be aware of the significance of developing energy-efficient and land-saving buildings, establish and implement a scientific development notion, carry out the plans set forth by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council to build up an energy-efficient and resource-saving

60、society, develop cyclic economy, guarantee national energy security, transform the mode of economic growth and readjust the economic structure. With the target to realize the fundamental change of the present urban and rural construction mode, to enhance energy use efficiency and build up an energy-