主谓一致与定语从句

1、主谓优选一致与定语从句主谓优选一致与定语从句主谓优选一致与定语从句主谓一致和定语从句的考点集汇，讲解和训练主谓一致：【考点直】法一致的原意一致的原近一致的原【名点睛】受主支配，和主在人称和数上保持一致，叫做主一致。主一致一般遵循三条原：法一致原，意一致原和就近一致原。法一致的原（1）以数名或代，不定式短作主，要用数;主复数，用复数，比方：Hegoestoschoolearlyeverymorning.Thechildrenareplayingoutside.Toworkhardisnecessaryforastudent.（2）由and或bothand接的并列成分作主，用复数。比方：Bothh

2、eandIareright.Mr.BlackandMrs.BlackhaveasoncalledTom.但并列主若是指的是同一人，同一事物或同一看法，用数。比方：Histeacherandfriendisabeautifulgirl.Thepoetandwriterhascome.（3）由and接的并列数主从前若是分由each,every修，其要用数形式。比方：Inourcountryeveryboyandeverygirlhastherighttoreceiveeducation.4）主是数，尽管后边跟有but,except,besides,with等介短，仍用数。比方：Theteacher

3、withhisstudentsisgoingtovisitthemuseum.5）一些只有复数形式的名，如people,police,cattle,clothes等作主，要用复数。比方：Alotofpeoplearedancingoutside.Thepolicearelookingforlostboy.（6）由each,some,any,no,every构成的复合代作主，都用数。比方：Iseverybodyready?Somebodyisusingthephone.（7）有两部分构成的物体的名，如glasses,shoes,trousers,chopsticks,scissors等作主，用复

4、数。比方：Wherearemyshoes?IcantfindthemYour.trousersaredirty.Youdbetterchangethem.若是名前用了apairof等，经常用作数，的复数形式经常取决于pair的复数形式。比方：Herearesomenewpairsofshoes.Mynewpairofsocksisonthebed.意一致的原（1）表、距离、价格、胸襟衡等的名作主，平时用数。比方：Twentyyearsisnotalongtime.Tendollarsistoodear.2）有些会集名，如family,team等作主，如作一个整体对待，用数；如指其中每个成，用复

5、数。比方：Myfamilyisbigone.MyfamilyarewatchingTV.3）不定代由all,most,more,some,any,none作主，也要依些代表示的意来决定的复数形式。若是代代表复数可数名，用复数；若是代代表数可数名或不可以数名，用数。比方：Alloftheworkhasbeenfinished.Allofthepeoplehavegone.4）疑代作主，其也有两种情况：主表示复数意，用复数；主表示数意，用数。比方：Whoisyourbrother?WhoareLeaguemembers?（5）“分数或百分数+of+名”构成的作主，其要以of后边的名而定。名是复数，

6、用复数：名是数，用数。比方：Itissaidthat35percentofthedoctorsarewomen.Threefourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthissea.6）half,therest等表示不定数量的名作主，若是所指复数意，用复数；若是所指数意，用数。比方：Ihavereadalargepartofthebook,therestismoredifficult.7）由what引地主于从句作主，平时用数形式。但若是所指内容复数意，用复数形式。比方：Whatshesaidiscorrect.Whatsheleftmeareafewoldbooks.8）凡是以“定冠

7、+形容（或分）”作主，经常依照意一致的原决定的复数形式。若是种主指的是一人，用复数；若是指的是一个人或抽象看法，用数形式。比方：Thesickhavebeencuredandthelosthavebeenfound.3.近一致的原（1）由or,eitheror,neithernor,notonlybutalso,等接的并列主，若是一个是数，一个是复数，按就近一致原，与最凑近它的主一致。比方：EitheryouorIamright.Neitherthechildrennortheteacherknowsanythingaboutit.（2）在“Therebe”句型中,和凑近的主一致。（3）asw

8、ellas和名用,和第一个名相一致。HeaswellasIisresponsibleforit.不不过我，他件事也有任。4）以here开的句子，其和凑近的主一致。Hereisaletterandsomebooksforyou.【实例剖析】1.Howtimeflies!Tenyears_passed.A.haveB.hasC.isD.are2.Notonlyhisparentsbutalsohisbrother_totheSummerPalace.TheyhavenA.havebeenB.havegoneC.hasbeenD.hasgone3.Neithermyfather_goingtosee

9、thepatient.A.norIamB.norIareC.ormeareD.ormeis4.Look!There_playingwiththetouristsonYinheSquare.A.areanumberofdeerB.areanumberofdeersC.isanumberofdeerD.isanumberofdeerstbeenb【中考演练】一.选择填空1.Theysaidtheeighteenthandlastlesson_quiteeasy.-WhenareyougoingtoKunmingforyourholidays?Ihaventdecided._thisSunday_n

10、extSundayisOK.A.Both;andB.Either;orC.Neither;norD.Notonly;butalso3._Helen_JoanspeaksbeautifulChineseaftertheycametoChina.A.Neither;norB.Notonly;butalsoC.Both;andD.AandB4._ofthemhashisownopinion.A.BothB.SomeC.EveryD.Each5.Arethereany_onthefarm?A.horseB.duckC.chickenD.sheep6.Myshirt_whiteandmytrousers

11、_blue.A.are;areB.are;isC.is;isD.is;are7.-Twomonths_quitealongtime.-Yes.Imafraidthathewillmissalotoflessons.A.isB.areC.wasD.were8.Theoldmanhastwochildrenbut_ofthemliveswithhim.A.bothB.noneC.neitherD.all9.Ourknowledgeofcomputer_growingallthetime.A.beB.isC.areD.were10.EveryoneexceptTomandJohn_therewhen

12、themeetingbegan.A.isB.wasC.areD.were11.Mostofthehouses_thisyear.A.hasbuiltB.havebuiltC.hasbeenbuiltD.havebeenbuilt12.Ithinkmaths_verydifficulttolearn.A.isB.areC.hasD.have13.Alargenumberofstudents_toworkinXinjiang.A.havegoneB.hasgoneC.goesD.isgoing14.Thenumberofthestudentsintheclass_small.A.areB.isC.

13、haveD.were15.There_alotofgoodnewsintodaysnewspaper.A.isB.areC.wasD.were二.用所给动词的合适形式填空_(be)everythingOK?Nobody_(know)theanswertothequestion.Tendividedbytwo_(be)five.Mostofthedrinkingwater_(be)fromtheBlackRiver.NotonlyshebutalsoI_(do)morningexerciseseveryday.Eitheryouorshe_(have)madeawrongdecision.The

14、family_(be)spendingtheweekendtogether.Breadandbutter_(be)herdailybreakfast.Thepolice_(be)tryingtocatchthethief.Thenumberofpeopleinvited_fifty,butanumberofthem_absentfordifferentreasons.三.翻译以下句子1.我们两个人都没有看这部电影。2.我的茶杯里没有水了。3.不是他就是我要到哪儿去。4.学生们和老师都不知道这件事。5.我们家正在一起度周末。定语从句：【考点扫描】中考对定语从句的观察主要集中在以下几个方面：1、定

15、语从句的功用和结构2、关系代词和关系副词的功用3、各个关系代词和关系副词的详尽用法观察的主要形式是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达必定也要用到定语从句。【名师精讲】一.定语从句的功用和结构在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必定放在先行词此后。引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词。比方：Thisisthepresentthathegavemeformybirthday.Doyouknoweverybodywhocametotheparty?二.关系代词和关系副词的功用关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句，在先行词和定

16、语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系待客做主语，宾语，定语，关系副词可作状语。作主语：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。比方：Idontlikepeoplewhotalkmuchbutdolittle.作宾语：SheisthepersonthatImetattheschoolgateyesterday.作定语关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。比方：Whatsthenameoftheyoungmanwhosesisterisadoctor?作状语IllneverforgetthedaywhenIfirs

17、tcametoBeijing.三.各个关系代词和关系副词的详尽用法who指人，在定语从句中作主语。比方：Thepersonwhobrokethewindowmustpayforit.whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。比方：whose指人，在定语从句中作定语。比方：which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。比方：that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。比方：Ivereadthenewspaperthat(which)carriestheimportantnews.when指时间，在定语从句中作状语。比方：Illneverforgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefa

18、rm.7.where指地点，在定语从句中作状语。比方：Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.四.关系代词whom，which在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom与which与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后边，如：Thatwastheroominwhichwehadlivedfortenyears.=Thatwastheroom.五.详尽使用时还要注意以下问题：只能使用that,不用which的情况：(1)先行词是all,few,little,nothing,everything,anyth

19、ing等不定代词时。比方：Allthathesaidistrue.(2)先行词被only,no,any,all,等词修饰时。比方：Heistheonlyforeignerthathasbeentothatplace.(3)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。比方：先行词是形容词最高等或被形容词最高等修饰的词。先行词既包括人又包括物时。比方：只能用which，不用that的情况：在非限制性定语从中。比方：Themeetingwasputoff,whichwasexactlywhatwewanted.定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。比方：Thethingaboutwhichheistal

20、kingisofgreatimportance.【中考模范】1.-Doestheteacherknoweverybody_plantedthetrees?A.whichB.whoseC.whereD.who2.Theletter_Ireceivedfromhimyesterdayisveryimportant.A.whoB.whereC.whatD.that-Yes,hedoes.-Whereisthescientist_gaveusthetalkyesterday?-HehasgonebacktoQinghuaUniversity.A.whomB.whoC.whoseD.which4.Iha

21、tepeople_talkmuchbutdolittle.A.whoseB.whomC.whichD.who【满分演练】一.单项填空-Whoistheman_wastalkingtoourEnglishteacher?Oh!ItsMr.Baker,ourmathsteacher.A.heB.thatC.whomD.which2.Ihatethepeople_donthelpotherswhentheyareintrouble.A.whoB.whichC.theyD.where3.Theforeigner_visitedourschoolisfromCanada.A.whichB.whenC.w

22、hoD.whom4.GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishschoolteacher_lovedclimbing.A.whoB.whomC.heD.which5.Thisistheplace_Ihaveevervisited.A.thereB.whenC.whereD.which6.Nobodyknowsthereason_shedidntcometothemeeting.A.thatB.whichC.whyD.when7.Themoonisaworld_thereisnolife.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.why8.Hehasforgottentheday_he

23、arrived.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which9.Hestillremembersthedays_hespentwithyourfamily.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.onwhich10.Mr.White,_carhadbeenstolen,cametothepoliceman.A.whoB.thatC.whoseD.which11.Hegottothevillage_hisfamilyoncelivedbeforeliberation.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where12.Thisisthehouse_Iwanttobuy.A.inw

24、hichB.thatC.whoseD.where13.Thisisthehouse_ourbelovedPremierZhouoncelivedandworked.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where14.Hedidnttellmetheplace_hewasborn.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where15.Helivedinasmallvillage,_wasalongwayfromtherailwaystation.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when二.用关系代词或关系副词将以下每对句子连成一个复合句1.Theboyismyyounger

25、brother.Hewashereaminuteago.2.Theoldmanisaprofessor.Heteacheschemistryinacollege.3.BeijingHotelisnearTianAnMenSquare.Theforeignvisitorslivethere.4.Thewomanisherenow.Youweretalkingabouther.5.Thisisthehall.Welistenedtothereportinittheotherday.6.Thecarwasgoing90milesanhour.Thecarjustpassedus.7.Themanwa

26、vedtous.Themanwasmyuncle.三.用合适的关系代词或关系副词填空Thehouse_weliveinisverybig.Theboy_iswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.Thisisthepresent_hegavemeformybirthday.Theman_talkedtoyoujustnowisanengineer.Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools_hehadvisited.Thereisnothingintheworld_canfrightenhim.Shewearsagoldring,_isve

27、ryuncommoninourclass.Wevisitedafactory_makestoysforchildren.Isthistheplace_yourfatheroncelived?Illneverforgetthedays_IjoinedtheLeague.完型填空：Asmytrainwasdelayedfortwohours,Ihadplentyoftimetospare.Afterbuyingsomemagazinestoreadonthejourney,Igavemywifealong-distancecall.ThenI1mywaytotheluggage（行李）office

28、tocollectmyheavysuitcase.Ihad2ittherethreedaysbefore.Therewerequiteafewpeoplewaiting,andItookoutmy3tofindthereceipt(数据)formycase.ThereceiptseemednotwhereIhadplacedit.Nomatterhow4Isearched,thereceiptwasnowheretobefound.Whenmyturncame,Iexplainedthesituationsorrowfully（悲伤地）tothe5.Themanlookedme6asiftosaythathehadheardthiskindofstorymanytimes.Heasked7mycasewaslike.Itoldhimitwasanoldbrown-lookingobjectnodifferent8themanycasesIcouldseeinhisoffice.Theassistantthentoldmeto9alistofwhatwasmainlyinthecase.Iftheywere10,hesa