2021届高考英语二轮复习专项解密14阅读理解之推理判断题含解析

1、2021届高考英语二轮复习专项解密14阅读理解之推理判断题含解析2021届高考英语二轮复习专项解密14阅读理解之推理判断题含解析2021届高考英语二轮复习专项解密14阅读理解之推理判断题含解析解密14阅读理解之推理判断题序号题型真题Part 1解密高考考点综述 备考建议Part 2对点解密考点精准说1。. 真题对点析1。 对点模拟练1.。.Part 3强化集训真题模测、典题模测Part 1解密高考【考点综述】推理判断题属于主观题，是层次较高的设题。它包括判断和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理.推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出

2、一定判断和推论,从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义.推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话,也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理,也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。所以,推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写（paraphrase)或综合。常见的题干有：1。 It can be inferred from the text that2. We can conclude that3. When the writer talks about.。, what he really means i

3、s that4。 Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?【备考建议】从历年的高考阅读理解题分析来看，推理判断题所占的比例大概在7-10,根据高考对阅读理解之推理判断题的考察，在复习备考中,考生应该从以下五大题型注意复习:细节推断题、因果推断题、人物性格、预测想象推理题和写作意图推测题。Part 2对点解密【考点精准说】1-细节推断题常见的设问方式：It can be inferred from the passage/text that_。The author mainly suggests that _。It can

4、be concluded from the passage that_.The writer implies but not directly states _.What does the author imply about newspapers?细节判断题属于深层理解题，要求根据语篇内容，推断具体细节。做此类题目关键是要正确把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，要忠实于原文，千万不能主观臆断，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。干扰项特点：1. 文章中直接用于表达细节的信息2. 文章中无关紧要或片面推出的结论3. 与文章内容完全相反的结论4。 不合常理或不合逻辑的结论等。 解题技

5、巧1。 要全面分析所有相关信息，切忌片面思考,得出片面结论。2. 要忠实原文,切忌脱离原文，凭空臆断。3。 注意不要选择表层信息答案，应该立足由已知推断未知。 【真题对点析】1(2020全国卷1，B）Returning to a book youve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. Theres a welcome familiarity - but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the rel

6、ationship。 But books dont change, people do。 And thats what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative。The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register。 Its true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings。 But with reading,

7、 its all about the present。 Its about the now and what one contributes to the now， because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull their own weight.There are three books I reread annually The first, which I take to reading every spring is Emest Hemningways A Moveable F

8、east。 Published in 1964， its his classic memoir of 1920s Paris。 The language is almost intoxicating (令人陶醉的），an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time。 Another is Annie Dillards Holy the Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble (随笔) about everything and nothing. The third book is Julio Cortaz

9、ars Save Twilight： Selected Poems， because poetry. And because Cortazar。While I tend to buy a lot of books， these three were given to me as gifs, which might add to the meaning I attach to them. But I imagine that， while money is indeed wonderful and necessary， rereading an authors work is the highe

10、st currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But remember, its you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.24Why does the author like rereading?AIt evaluates the writer-reader relationship。BIts a window to a

11、whole new world.CIts a substitute for drinking with a friend.DIt extends the understanding of oneself。25What do we know about the book A Moveable Feas!?AIts a brief account of a trip。BIts about Hemingways life as a young man.CIts a record of a historic event.DIts about Hemingways friends in Paris.26

12、What does the underlined word currency in paragraph 4 refer to？ADebtBReward.CAllowance.DFace value.27What can we infer about the author from the text?AHe loves poetry。BHes an editor。CHes very ambitious.DHe teaches reading。【答案】24D25B26B27A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了重新阅读的意义和益处并向读者介绍了作者每年重读的三本书。作者鼓励读者去重新阅读书籍。24

13、推理判断题.根据第一段最后两句“But books dont change， people do. And thats what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.(但是书没变，人变了。那就是使重新阅读行为如此丰富和富于变化之处)”和第二段“The beauty of rereading lies in that our bond with the work is based on our present register. It is true, the older I get， the more I feel tim

14、e has wings。(重新阅读的美妙之处在于我们与作品的联系是基于我们现在的心理状态.真的，我年纪越大，就越觉得时光飞逝。)”可推知，作者喜欢重新阅读是因为重新阅读可以扩展对自己的理解.故选D项.25推理判断题.根据倒数第二段“Published in 1964, its his classic memoir of 1920s Paris.”及“an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time可知,这本书出版于1964年,这是他关于20世纪20年代在巴黎的经典回忆录，是他老年时对那些野心勃勃却更简单的日子的回顾.由此

15、可判断出A Movable Feast是关于海明威年轻时的生活。故选B项.26词义猜测题.根据最后一段中“while money is indeed wonderful and necessary,(虽然金钱确实是美妙而必要的）”可知，前后句为转折关系，根据上下文的语境可推知，“rereading an authors work is the highest currency a reader can pay them。”意为“但是但重新阅读作品是读者能支付给他们的最高回报”，由此判断出划线词的意思是“回报”。故选B项。27推理判断题.根据倒数第二段“The third book is Jul

16、io Cortzars Save Twilight： selected poems， because poetry.（第三本书是胡里奥科塔扎的拯救暮光之城: 诗歌精选，因为诗歌)”可知，作者是由于喜欢诗歌而喜欢这本书。故选A项。【对点模拟练】1The bus screamed to a stop in Nazareth, Israel。 Five Australian backpackers boarded and struck up a conversation with me。 They asked typical travelers questions-where was I going

17、 and why was I traveling alone? My plan was to travel with a friend of a friend， I explained， but when I called her that morning, she didnt pick up and I had no other way to reach her。 My stomach was in knots， but I decided to head out anyway, thinking I might run into her if I traveled to Tiberius,

18、 where we had planned to go together。“Why dont you travel with us？” one of the backpackers offered。 They were experienced adventurers who would work for a few months， save, then travel for as long as they could. Their current plan was to explore the Middle East and Europe in three months while worki

19、ng in London。It seemed risky to travel with strangers, but my instinct said yes。 For the next two weeks, I explored Israel with the backpackers and learned to trust my instincts in all types of new and interesting situations。 When they hook a ride, I took the bus, but when they wanted to steal into

20、the King David Hotels swimming pool, I led the way。 The world opened up to me because I chose to travel alone。 I joined complete strangers， who become close friends。 Years later, one couple from the backpacking group even flew from Sydney to Phoenix to be in my wedding. The trip was such a special e

21、xperience that it gave me confidence in all areas of my life. Since then, Ive backpacked alone across South Africa， skydived from 12，000 feet in New Zealand and even moved across the U。S. with no job lined up.On my third day wandering in Israel with my new friends, I bumped into the woman I was supp

22、osed to meet。 Though I was happy she was all right, I was grateful she hadnt picked up the phone。1。 By “My stomach was in knots （in paragraph 1）, the author most likely means that she was _.A。 sick of riding on a bumpy busB。 nervous of meeting strangersC。 upset about the sudden changeD. sorry about

23、the impractical plan2。 Which of the following best describes the backpackers the author met?A。 Courageous but disrespectful.B。 Jobless and poorly educated.C。 Warmhearted and trustworthy.D. Homeless but lighthearted.3。 The authors sixth sense told her that _.A。 she would get along with the backpacker

24、sB。 it might cause trouble to have a swimC。 she ought to stay away from the backpackersD。 it could add excitement to get a free ride4. What can be inferred from the passage？A. Most of the backpackers became the authors lifelong friends。B. The author gathered the courage to be a fulltime backpack tra

25、veler.C。 The woman missed the phone call with the purpose of traveling alone.D. The author considered it the best decision of her life to travel on her own.【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。作者原本与朋友约好去旅游，却被放了鸽子,她决定一个人去.途中她遇见了五个背包客，这些背包客邀请她一起去旅游,她和这些人一起经历了美好的几天，并和他们成了好朋友。1。C 【解析】推理判断题。根据前文“My plan was to travel with a fr

26、iend of a friend， I explained， but when I called her that morning, she didnt pick up and I had no other way to reach her。可知作者被朋友放鸽子了，被放鸽子肯定是失望的，C项（因为突然的变化而感到沮丧的）最符合作者此时的心情，所以选C。2。C 【解析】推理判断题。根据“Why dont you travel with us?” one of the backpackers offered可知这些背包客邀请作者一起旅游，说明他们很热心；根据“ They were experien

27、ced adventurers who would work for a few months, save， then travel for as long as they could”可知这些背包客旅游经验很丰富，所以是值得信任的，综合选C。3.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据“It seemed risky to travel with strangers， but my instinct said yes。”可知这些背包客邀请作者一起旅游时，她的本能（instinct）也就是第六感说了“好”,也就是说她的第六感让她相信她能和这些背包客相处的很好，才会答应他们的邀请，故选A。4.D 【解析】推

28、理判断题。根据“The world opened up to me because I chose to travel alone。”可知作者觉得自己选择一个人旅游让自己看到了更大的世界,再结合最后一句“Though I was happy she was all right, I was grateful she hadnt picked up the phone.”可知作者庆幸她的朋友没有接她的电话。由此可以判断作者认为自己选择一个人去旅行是一个很好的决定，故选D.【考点精准说】2-预测推断题常见的设问方式:What do you think will happen when/if？At

29、the end of this passage, the writer might continue to write _。The paragraph following the passage will most probably be about_.Which of the following statements is most likely to be talked about in the following paragraph?有些内容文章中没有明确说明,这就要求考生根据语篇内容，对事件可能的结局或下一段可能涉及的内容等进行预测、推断.作这类题时考生应准确把握作者的写作思路，从而作

30、出比较准确的、合情合理的猜测。 解题技巧做这类题时应把握作者的写作思路(如文章可能按事件发展的经过描写，也可能按因果关系、对比关系来叙述)，从而做出比较科学的、合情合理的预测。【真题对点析】2(2018新课标全国卷，B）Many of us love July because its the month when natures berries and stone fruits are in abundance. These colourful and sweet jewels form British Columbias fields are little powerhouses of nu

31、tritional protection.Of the common berries， strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although， because of their seeds， raspberries contain a little more protein （蛋白质）， iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein）. Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants （抗氧化物质）. The yellow and orange st

32、one fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants。 As for cherries （樱桃）, they are so delicious who cares？ However, they are rich in vitamin C。When combined with berries of slices of other fruits， frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick,

33、cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”。 For this purpose， select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. Frozen banan

34、as will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer。zx。x。kIf you have a juicer， you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit。 Out comes a “soft-serve” creamy dessert， to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a childrens pa

35、rty; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.24。 What does the author seem to like about cherries？ A. They contain protein。 B. They are high in vitamin A。 C. They have a pleasant taste。 D. They are rich in antioxidants.25。

36、Why is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas？ A。 To make them smell better. B. To keep their colour。 C。 To speed up their ripening. D. To improve their nutrition.26. What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph？ A。 A dessert. B。 A drink。 C. A container. D。 A machine.27. From which is the text proba

37、bly taken？ A。 A biology textbook. B. A health magazine. C。 A research paper. D。 A travel brochure。【语篇解读】本文是一篇日常生活类说明文。文中讲述了人们热爱水果丰盛的7月，这时候各种水果营养丰富且含有对人体有益的微量元素，尤其是香蕉。我们可以利用它做一些孩子喜欢的甜点或冰淇淋。24。 C 【解析】细节理解题。题干问的是，作者喜欢樱桃什么.根据第二段中As for cherries (樱桃）, they are so delicious who cares？（至于樱桃，因为它们很好吃谁在乎呢？）可知

38、，作者在乎的是它的美味。故选C。26. D 【解析】词义猜测题。根据最后一段中they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below可知,孩子们喜欢把一些水果和冷冻的香蕉放入到这台机器的上部，然后看到冰激凌从下面出来。故可以推出a juicer就是一台机器.故选D.27. B 【解析】文章出处题.文章首先指出七月是水果盛产的季节，并指出各种水果富含的营养，最后一段指出我们可以用a juicer为孩子们做一些甜点和冰激凌

39、,故最可能是从健康杂志上摘取的文章。A项意为：生物教科书;B项意为：一本健康杂志；C项意为：一篇研究论文；D项意为：一本旅游手册.故选B。【对点模拟练】2In 1971 we were living in Wichita， Kansas Lincoln was about seven， Brendan was three and Kristen was a baby。 Mom was staying with us during the holidays. On Christmas Eve I stayed up very late. I was totally alone with my t

40、houghts， alternating between joy and sorrow， and I got to think about my paper route(送报)， that tree， what my mother had said to me and how dad had tried to make things better。I heard a noise in the kitchen and discovered that it was Mom. She couldnt sleep either and had gotten up to make herself a c

41、up of hot tea which made her feel better. As she waited for the water to boil, she walked into the living room and discovered me there。 She saw my open Bible and asked me what I was reading。 When I told her, she asked if I would read it to her and I did.When the kettle began to whistle， she went and

42、 made her tea。 She came back。 I told her how happy I was that she was with us for Christmas and how I wished that Dad could have lived to see his grandchildren and to enjoy this time because he always loved Christmas so much. She went very quiet for a moment and then she said,”Do you remember that t

43、ime on Twelve Mile Road when you bought that tree with your paper route money?”Yes，”I said,Ive just been thinking about it you know.”She hesitated for a long moment, as though something was bottled up so deeply inside her soul that it might take courage to get it out。 Finally, great tears rolled dow

44、n her face and she cried,Oh, son， please forgive me。 That time and that Christmas have been a burden on my heart for twentyfive years. I wish your dad were here so I could tell him how sorry I am for what I said。”What is likely to be described in the next paragraph?A。 How they would celebrate the Ch

45、ristmas.B。 How the authors father supported the family.C. What happened to the authors parents in the past。D。 The reason for the authors parents divorce.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。我和三个孩子以及我的母亲居住在一起。圣诞前夜，我熬夜未睡,意外发现母亲也未入睡，当我们回忆往事时,她失声痛哭。【答案】C 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段母亲所说的话” That time and that Christmas have been a burden

46、 on my heart for twenty-five years。 I wish your dad were here so I could tell him how sorry I am for what I said可推知,母亲想起了以前圣诞节的事，对自己所做的事感到难过;据此可以判断，下文将叙述发生在作者父母身上的故事，故C项正确.【考点精准说】3-文章来源或读者对象题常见的设问方式：This passage would most likely be found in _。The passage is probably taken out of _。Where is the pass

47、age most likely from?文章来源或读者对象推断题要求考生具备一定的常识。因此考生本身要对报纸、杂志、网络、科普知识、小说、童话、广告、教材、说明书、旅游指南、操作指南等有基本的了解，这样才能在做题时根据文章的特点选出答案。【真题对点析】3（2019全国卷I ，C）As data and identity theft becomes more and more common， the market is growing for biometric(生物测量）technologies-like fingerprint scansto keep others out of priv

48、ate espaces。 At present， these technologies are still expensive, though。Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a lowcost device(装置)that gets around this problem： a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏)with which one types and the pressure finge

49、rs apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a users typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person。 Thus， the keyboard can determine peoples identities， and by extension, whether they should be giv

50、en access to the computer its connected toregardless of whether someone gets the password right.It also doesnt require a new type of technology that people arent already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.In a study describing the technology, the researchers had

51、 100 volunteers type the word “touch”four times using the smart keyboard。 Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and i

52、s mostly made of inexpensive, plasticlike parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.31. Where is this text most likely from? A. A diary。B. A guidebookC。 A novel。D. A magazine。【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。数据和身份盗窃变得越来越普遍,目前,向指纹扫描等这些技术仍然是昂贵的。本文介绍了一种新的科技智能键盘，它能给espace用户带来安全，而且这项技术也不贵。31.D 【解析】推理判断题

53、。本文介绍了一种新的科技智能键盘，它能给espace用户带来安全，由此可知,本文是关于科技，结合所给选项可知，本文可能来自于一本杂志.故选D。【对点模拟练】3When 6-year-old Tarryn Henkelman walked through a giant blue box filled with toys, she knew exactly what she wanted. When she and her parents walked out of the Goodwill on Pavilion Lane， she held a foldup blue minibike ti

54、ghtly to her chest。 Her old minibike recently broke， and she wanted to move around her neighborhood on two wheels once again. She hadnt walked into the store expecting a present， but as she and her family walked past the counter they got a holiday surprise when Todd Wakefield, Goodwills Senior Direc

55、tor of Retail, delivered some good news。 ”All kids today, all day long, you can get one free toy, or free kids book， he said， announcing a special treat made possible by an anonymous（匿名的） donor. Nearly a decade ago， one Fort Collins man cut a check covering the cost of every toy in the store and rep

56、eated it every year, so that any child who walks through the front door can pick out something to take home for free. He said he did not need recognition for his act of kindness， but said that this day had become an important part of his familys Christmas tradition。 As kids crowded around plastic bo

57、xes overflowing with toys， he and his wife quietly took in the scene before slipping out the front door, unnoticed。 Store staff members set aside extra toys in the day leading up to the surprise giveaway to make sure that no child left emptyhanded on Saturday. Wakefield was the store manager at the

58、Fort Collins Goodwill the first year the anonymous donor walked through the front door and asked to buy up the toy section. Even though Wakefield has since taken a job at Goodwills corporate office， he made a point of coming to this yearly event. Weve got some amazing people throughout our community

59、， he said. ”This is what our business runs on, people willing to give and help their community。” 1Why did Tarryn Henkelman want a minibike?A。To learn to ride it.B。To surprise her neighbors。C.To show it off before her family。D.To bike around her community.2What was a holiday surprise for Tarryn Henke

60、lman？A。A donor gave money to her.B。A stranger treated her to a present。C。The store donated a toy to her。D。Her parents bought a minibike for her.3Which words can describe the Fort Collins man？A。Considerate and smart.B。Helpful and optimistic.C。Generous and kindhearted。D。Sympathetic and easygoing.【语篇解读