直接引语和间接引语常艳

1、（一）直接引语和间接引语的含义 直接引语别人的原话时，被引用的部分称为直接引语，（即前后要加引号）；用自己的话转述别人的话， 被转述的部分称为间接引语，间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句，间接引语不用引号。如：John saidlm going to London with my father .约翰说：我要和父亲到伦敦去。（直接引语）John said（that） he was going to Midon with his father . 约翰说他要和父亲到伦敦去。（间接引语） （二）直接引语转变为间接引语分类直接引语为陈述句，转变为间接引语时由从属连词 that 引导（口语中可以省略），

2、主句的动词常用 say、 tell,repeat,explain,think 等，句中的时态、人称、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要做相应的变化。 如：He said, ” I am your father s frie他说：我是你 爸爸的朋友。” t He said that he was my father s friend说他是我爸爸的朋友。直接引语是疑问句， 变为间接引语时， 要用陈述语序。 其主句动词常用 ask、wonder、want to know,in-quire do not know 、be not sure 、 be puzzled 等，句尾不用问号。直接引语为一般疑问句

3、或反意疑问句当直接引语为一般疑问句或反意疑问句时，转变为间接引语，用连词if或whether引导。如： She asked me,Are you Mr Li? 她问我： 你是李先生吗？ She asked me if（或whether） I was Mr Li .她问我是否是李先生。直接引语为选择疑问句转变为间接引语，要用 whether引导宾语从句，变为whether. or结构。如： Do you want tea or coffee?he asked. 你是想要茶还是咖啡？ 他问。 tHe asked whether I wanted tea or coffee .他问我是要茶还是要咖啡

4、。直接引语为特殊疑问句当直接引语为特殊疑问句时， 常变成与原来疑问词同形的连接词引导的宾语从句， 用陈述语序 , 问号转 变为句号。如： He said,Where is she going? 他说： 她要去哪儿？ t He asked where she was going .他问她要去哪儿。（3）直接引语是祈使句 直接引语是祈使句，转变为间接引语时，要用不定式表示，使其转变成为 ask/tell/order/beg/warn/advisesb（not）to do sth 结构。如： He said to her,Dont take the book away.他对她说： 不要把那本书拿 t

5、He asked her not to take the book away . 他让她不要把那本书拿走。变化规则：当主句的谓语动词为过去时态时，间接引语的时态要有相应的变化。另外它的人称、指示代 词、时间状语、地点状语等也要按照主句做相应的改变，规则如下：时态变化规律一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时 现在完成进行时过去完成进行时一般过去时过去完成时过去进行时过去 （ 完成）进行时过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时 将来进行时过去将来进行时当直接引语所述的是客观真理时，在转变为间接引语时时态不变，仍用一般现在时。女口： The teacher saidLigh

6、t travels faster than sound. ,tThe teacher said that light travels faster than sound.老师说光比声音传播得 决。如果直接引语中有明确表示过去时间的状语，在转变为间接引语时，一般过去时不改为过去完成时。如：He said to me, I was bom in 1993.tHe told me that he was born in 1993. 他告诉我在 1993年出生。如果直接引语中含有 since、when、while 引导的表示过去时间的状语从句，在转变为间接引语时，只 改变主句的谓语动词，从句的一般过去

7、时则不变。女口： He said to me. I have taught here since I came here.tHe told me that he had taught here since he came here.他告诉我自从他来到这里就在这里教学 c(2) 时间状语的适当调整 )this week( month )tthat week(month.)last week ( month )t the week (month )beforenext week (month )tthe next/following week (month.)nowtthentodaytthat

8、day yesterday tthe day before tomorrow the t next/following day two days ago ttwo days before tonight t that night the day after tomorrow t in two days指示代词的变化thist that theset those地点状语的变化heretthere谓语动词的变化cometgobring ttake一、单项选择()1. -Sam ，do you know if Alice to my party next week?-I think she will

9、 come if es, is B. comes, will be C.will come, is()2. -I dont knowthe charity show tomorrow. Can you tell me?when we start B. when did we start C.when we will start()3. -Can you tell mefor the 60th China National Day?A wonderful parade.what is going to be heldwho is going to be invitedhow much money

10、 will be raised()4. Do you have to hold our English party in the classroom?Well, I dont know if not here.when can we do itB. when we can do itC.where we can do it()5.-.I likde to know.At 6 ：30.when does your mother usually cook breakfasthow your mother usually cooks breakfastwhen your mother usually

11、 cooks breakfast()6. I dont know if heto Kates birthday party.Hes sure to go if he_.goes, know B. will go, knows C.goes, will know()7 What did your parrot say, Bill?It asked uswhat is the weather like todaywhat the weather is like todaywhat does the weather like today()8.My uncle remembered.when we

12、moved to the townwhen did we move to the townwhen we move to the town( )9.The teacher asked Lucy.where does she come fromwhat did she like bestif she could speak Chinese()10.He doesnt thinkrain this afternoon.A. it wont B. its going to C.if it s going to()11.Could you tell me?Glad to help.if I have

13、been to the Great Wallwhere did he studyhow I can get to the station()12. Can you see？ No,lets go and have a look. Maybe we can help them.what they are doing therewhat was happening therewhat is happening there()13. You cant imaginewhen the pupils received these nice presents on Childrens Day.A. how

14、 they were excitedhow excited they werehow excited were they()14. Do you knowthe MP3 player last week? Sony. I have no idea.how much did she pay forhow much will she pay forhow much she paid for()15. I want to knowhis homework yesterday evening.A. if he finished B. whether he had finished C. has she

15、 finished()16. Nobody knew.C. where does he come from()17. He said heme before., A. has met B. met C. had met()18. Please tell meto the science Museum.A. how can we get B. how we can get C. how we can reach()19. Our teacher said that the moonaround the earth.A. turned B. turn C. turns()20. Excuse me, can you tell me?A. why was the train lateB. why the train was lateC. why the train is late()21. Who can tell usabout over there?A. what they talk B. what are they talkingC.What they are talking()22. He said that theyZhangjiajia for a holiday.A. have been toB. had gone to( )23. I was surprised