教程说明讲稿bsce-2013

1、Business and Society in Contemporary EuropeLecture 11Revision LectureRajan Gaikwad1The ExaminationScheduled on December 30, 2013 from 9am 11amExamination is for 2 hours6 questions you have to answer 2 Good idea to revise these topics/themes (at least 4) Wider choice - if you revise 4 topics then at

2、least 3 of them will be on the paper. Set reading is necessary2Rajan GaikwadQuestion StyleDiscuss, Critically evaluate, Examine, Justify the statement, Do you agree, To what extent, Why in your opinion?For example:Critically evaluate the colours on walls that influence European Cultures. To what ext

3、ent is it necessary for a student to understand the importance of taking part in social activities as part of the learning?Examine the statement “Yes we can manage to break the examination rules”.Rajan Lamuel Gaikwad3Preparing for and doing the examPreparationdevelop an overview of what we have cove

4、red- identifying the main topics/themeslook at a range of specific topics, relating each of these to the broad themesyou may have topics that you want to concentrate on look at in depth BUT always look carefully at how these topics are related to questionsRajan Lamuel Gaikwad4Doing.relate each answe

5、r, where appropriate, to broad course topics/themes (dont worry about repetition/overlap)Spend time thinking and planning before you writeBe critical look at all sides of an issue (not only 2 sides)Use references wherever necessaryIllustrate your answers wherever you can Rajan Gaikwad5Criteria for e

6、valuationThe exam questions are designed to test a students knowledge and his/her ability to elaborate an informed judgement of it. Therefore, the ability to critically analyse, discuss, agree and view your opinion is an essential part of the examination process. Answers should be given in essay-sty

7、le. Although there is no one-way to answer each specific question (which is why no “model answers” are provided) the following criteria will guide evaluation: (structured argument) 6Rajan GaikwadStructured argument.Essays should be clearly articulated into sections, each serving a specific purpose.

8、Without being excessively prescriptive, one would expect each essay to consist of, at least, an introductory section (for example: useful definitions or illustrations are provided and a clear statement of what follows is given), a main discussion section (where the key literature is described, discu

9、ssed and analysed with respect to the question), and a conclusion section (where the critical evaluation is finalised and the question is therefore answered).7Rajan GaikwadRevision Topics/ThemesEuropean CulturesEU Regional Economic GroupingRole of the European ParliamentEuropean WorkforceCSR EU Enla

10、rgement8Rajan GaikwadEuropean CulturesIs there such a thing as a single European business culture?Examine the major cultural differences between European culturesUse Hofstedes cultural dimensions as frameworkExamples of how main differences affect business organizations in different countries Possib

11、ly explain different cultures with examples9Rajan Gaikwad2. Economic Groupings in Todays EuropeThe European Union - 15 to 25 to 28 membersRajan Gaikwad10Economic Groupings in Europe(contd)The European Free Trade Association (EFTA)3.The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)4.The Central European F

12、ree Trade Area (CEFTA)Rajan Gaikwad113. The European Parliament*Monthly sessions in Strasbourg (France) & BrusselsMost of the preparatory legislative work and committee meetings take place in Brussels Administration is done in LuxembourgEP is the only directly elected EU institution The Council of M

13、inisters- forms the legislative branch of the institutions of the union Powers to amend and reject Commissions proposals December 1, 2009, The Lisbon Treaty - New EP: more power, more responsibility ( )Rajan Gaikwad12Role of the European ParliamentFor example: to shape the future of Europe, to make

14、EP a strong law maker, Have a bigger role and strong influence in setting budgets, Will have the right to propose some changes in the treaty. To make the opinion robust: How is it better equipped for todays challenges?How will more powers help shape Europe?How will EP have a tighter hold on the EUs

15、budget?Will have a greater say on who runs the EUWill have stronger voice for Europes citizen.Rajan Gaikwad13Rajan Gaikwad4. The free movement of workers Treaty of Rome:Articles 4851 of the Treaty of Rome (now Article 45 to 48 TFEU) refer to the free movement of workers that should entail the abolit

16、ion of any discrimination based on nationality between workers from member states with regard to employment, remuneration and other conditions of work.Articles 5258 (now Articles 49 to 55 TFEU) deal with the freedom of establishment or the right of self-employed or independent citizens of Community

17、member states to set up businesses (including agencies, branches and subsidiaries) in other member states.14Rajan GaikwadMovement of labourEnsuring freedom of labour movement within the Community was one of the main objectives of the Treaty of Rome, subsequently reinforced by the 1993 Single Market

18、Programme.In practice, barriers to labour movement remain within the EU, and this has been even more the case since the 2004 and 2007 enlargements.Allowing free movement of people involves a trade off control of international crime, terrorism, drug trafficking and migration es more difficult. Over t

19、he years, the emphasis of EU policy has gradually shifted towards increased co-operation on Freedom Security and Justice (see the Topical Essays of this OLC).15Rajan GaikwadThe effects of migrationIn a simple model, it is assumed that there are two factors of production, capital C and labour L, two

20、countries, home, and foreign, that both countries produce one good, and that there is perfect competition. In this model, migration will lead to: convergence of wages between the two countries with wages falling at home, and rising in the foreign country;a rise in total world output (this is because

21、 migration has the effect of increasing efficiency) andwinners and losers from migration.16Rajan GaikwadVarious factors influence the decision to migrate the wage gap between the home and host country;political and ethnic disturbances (which emerge as the main cause of major large-scale migration fl

22、ows in Europe);the employment possibilities in both countries;economic expectations; the geographical proximity of the two countries;emigration traditions;ethnic and family networks andcultural and linguistic factors17Rajan GaikwadRestrictions on migrationIn practice, most countries use restrictions

23、 on immigration. These generally consist of border controls, and work or residence permits, but may also take other forms such as limited access to certain jobs and professions, or financial disincentives such as limits on access to social security benefits, or unfavourable tax treatment. Other fact

24、ors such as inability to find housing may also impede migration.18Rajan GaikwadReasons for the different attitudes of the member states to immigration from the rest of the worldGeographical differences between the member states (with, for instance porous external borders of countries such as Spain,

25、Italy and Malta).Cultural and historical factors may shape national attitudes to immigration.National politicians may prefer to maintain jurisdiction for immigration policy as it is often a highly emotive issue and has at times been exploited for populist motives.195. EU Enlargement (2004)What benef

26、its has enlargement brought to the economies of new and existing member states? What has been the costs of enlargement?Has enlargement been successful?Rajan Gaikwad206. Corporate Social ResponsibilityDefine & explain what is CSR?Different forces or driver of CSR (External & Internal) External Driver

27、s: different types of institutions regulatory, cognitive and normative pressuresInternal Drivers: ranging from performance oriented (cost reduction, efficient production, reducing pollution) to value-driven motivations (employee and customer satisfaction, risk management, attract investor)Rajan Gaik

28、wad21 What is CSR?Corporate social responsibility is businesses taking environmental and social responsibilities into account and engaging their stakeholders through policies, processes, and procedures. EU (2001): “a concept whereby companies integrate social and environmental concerns in their busi

29、ness operations and in their interaction with their stakeholders on a voluntary basis”. (stakeholders: groups who are impacted by the firm, or have an impact on the firm) Pressures for CSR in EuropeSignificant internal and external pressures for corporate social responsibility in European firmsExter

30、nal pressures are regulatory (coercive); cognitive (leading to mimetic processes); and normative (expectations from various stakeholders)Regulatory or coercive pressure: national governments rules about how to treat employees, employee rights, how to minimise environmental impacts, etc.Regulatory pr

31、essure dominantly come from national governments, with specific laws. But also from the EU, such as EU directives: Pressures for CSR in EuropeCognitive pressure: Firms see other firms developing CSR policies, practices and reports and may increasingly feel this has e best practice and/or accepted pr

32、actice. Also key network actors such as industry associations and industry professionals tend to communicate this message. This leads to mimetic behavior: firms increasingly start to consider implementing CSR and more and more firms consider it as normal and accepted practice. Pressures for CSR in EuropeNormative pressures: An increasing number of stakeholder groups expect CSR policy and practices from firms. In order for these firms to be accepted, credible and legitimate in the eyes of these stakeholders the firms n