八年级下册英语重要知识资料点归纳9421

1、八年级下册英语重要学习知识资料点归纳_9421八年级下册英语重要学习知识资料点归纳_942110/10八年级下册英语重要学习知识资料点归纳_9421八年级下册英语重要知识点归纳M1重要语法：感官性系统词：feel(摸起来)、look(看起来)、smell(闻起来)、taste(尝起来)sound(听起来),后接形容词作表语，不能够接副词。构成疑问句或否定句要借助助动词。Thesilkdressfeelssoft.Theflowerslookverybeautiful.Doesitsmellnice?Thesongdoesntsoundbenoisy.2.Whatadelicioussmell!

2、多么香啊！对名词或名词短语惋惜用what惋惜句结构：What+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+（主语+谓语）！Whataninterestingbookitis!What+形容词+不能数名词/复数名词+（主语+谓语）！Whatbadweatheritistoday!Whatgoodstudentstheyare!对形容词、副词或动词惋惜用howHow+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！Howfastheisrunning!Howdeliciousitsmells!HowImissthedayswespenttogether!我多么我们一起度过的日子！3.Imafraid+句子:生怕Imafraidhe

3、hasnotimetoday.bedone做好了Isyourhomeworkdone?你的作业做好了吗？Dinnerisdone!晚饭做好了！haveatry试一试；尝一尝6.haveasweettooth喜好甜食7.thanksfor=thankyoufor+名词/动词-ing。因此感谢你。Thanksforyourhelp.=Thanksforhelpingme.Thankyouforinvitingmetoyourparty.8.hearfrom=get/receivealetterfrom收到的来信9.cantwaittodosth迫不.及待去做某事Icantwaittoseeyou.

4、10.人+spend+时间（in）doingsth.。=Ittakes+人+时间+todosth.某人开销多少时间做某事Hespenttwodays(in)readingthenovel.=Ittookhimtwodaystoreadthenovel.11.too也（置于句末，前加逗号）also也(置于居中be或神情动词此后)aswell也（置于句末，前不加逗号）12.beproudof认为豪Myparentsareproudofme.13.Howdoyoufeelabout+名词/动词-ing？=Whatdoyouthinkof+名词/动词-ing？你感觉怎么样？Howdoyoufeelab

5、outthefilm?=Whatdoyouthinkofthefilm?HowdoyoufeelaboutcomingtoChina?=WhatdoyouthinkofcomingtoChina?beafraidof+名词/动词-ing：害怕.Iamafaidofdog/goingoutatnight.beafraidofdoingsth.=beafraidtodosth.害怕做某事Sheisafraidofsleepingaloneatnight.=Sheisafraidtosleepaloneatnight.15.Whatdoessb.looklike?某人长得怎么样（问表面）答：shor

6、t/tall/young/prettyWhatissblike?某人性格怎么样？（问性格或质量）答：quiet/nice/strict/kind.-WhatdoesyourEnglishteacherlooklike?-Heistallwithpairofglasses.-WhatisyourEnglishteacherlike?-Heisstrictbutfriendly.M2重要语法：现在完成时（一）：描述过去已经、从前或还没有做过某事的经历或体验，对现在造成的影响。结构：have/has+动词过去分词(否定)havent/hasn动t+词过去分词含义：已经/从前做过还没有做过标志词：al

7、ready、ever、never、yet、just等。Ihaveseenthemovie.我已经看过这部电影。（我现在认识该电影了。）Hehasalreadyfinishedhishomework.他已经完成了作业。（他能够交作业了）Wehaventhaddinneryet我.们还没有吃晚饭。（我们现在饿）Haveyoueverenteredaspeakingcompetition?你从前参加过演讲竞赛吗？（变一般疑问句把have/has提到句首）Yes,Ihave./No,Ihavent.2.enteracompetition=takepartinacompetition参加竞赛3.help

8、sb.(to)dosth.帮助某人做某事HeoftenhelpsmelearnEnglish.4.affordsth.买得起某物Icantaffordthenewbike.affordtodosth.付得起钱去做某事=haveenoughmoneytobuysth.stoptodosth.=stopandthendosth.停下来往做某事stopdoingsth.停止做某事Imtired.Letsstoptohave我累a了rest。让.我们停下来休息一下吧！Itstimeforclassnow.Let上s课stop时间talking到了！.让我们不要讲话了！6.makeup编写makeupa

9、story编故事makeit/themup(代词要放中间)7.invitesb.todosth.邀请某人做某事fifteen-year-old十五岁的（复合形容词中的名词不能够加s,作定语）fifteenyearsold十五岁（短语，不能够作定语，常作表语）Heisfifteenyearsold.=Heisafifteen-year-oldboy.9.atthemoment=now现在（常用于现在进行时中）10.have/hasbeento+某地：从前往过某地（人已经回来，常与次数连用）have/hasgoneto+某地：到某地去了（人未回，不能够与次数连用）have/hasbeenin+某地

10、：在某地呆/逗留（常与for+时间段连用）IhavebeentoHongKongtwice.Heisntherenow.HehasgonetotheUSA.WehavebeeninChinafor20years.11.bedifferentfrom与.不相同12.findit+形容词+todosth.发现做某事是.的（it是形式宾语，无义，取代后边不定式）Ifinditeasytolearnmaths.我发现学数学很简单。TonyfindsithardtospeakChinese.托尼发现说汉语很难。13.sofar到目前为止（常用于现在完成时）SofarIhavelearnt3，000Eng

11、lishwords.14.allovertheworld=aroundtheworld全世界15.countdown倒数M31.already已经（常用于现在完成时必然句句中或句末）Ihavealreadyknownhimyet尚，还（常用于现在完成时否定句或疑问句句末）Hasitarrivedyet？just方才（常用于现在完成时必然句句中）Theyhavejustarrived.2.Whatareyourupto?=Whatareyoudoing?你在忙什么？3.Imnotsurehowtomakeit.=ImnotsurehowIcanmakeit.Thatswhy那就是.的原因了。5.

12、inorderto+动词原形：为了Heworkssohardinordertogetthebestscore.sothat+句子=inorderthat+句子：为了Heworkssohardsothat(inorderthat)hecangetthebestscore.6.thereis(现在完成时形式)therehasbeen已经有/存在thereare(现在完成时形式)therehavebeen已经有/存在Therehavebeenmanybuildingsinourvillagesince15yearsago.7.goaround围绕转noneof+名词复数/宾格+动词（单/复形）：没有

13、一个（既指人也指物）noone+动词（单）=nobody（仅指人，不与of连用，常用于who提出的问题）Noneofthestudentsknow(s)theanwer.没有一个学生知道答案。-Howmanypeoplearethereintheroom?None.一个也没有（重申数量）Nooneknowstheanswer.Whosintheclassroom?-Noone.没有人（重申有没有人）9.becalled被称为10.asmallpartof的.一小部分municatewith与联系12.finishdoingsth.完成做某事13.writeback回信M4重要语法：1.现在完成

14、时（二）：描述一个动作或状态从过去连续到现在致使将来有多长时间。常与“for+时间段/since+时间点”、sofar、recently（近来）、inthelast10years（近来十年）等表示连续的时间连用，也用于howlong问句中。IhavelearntEnglishfor6years.Hehaslivedheresincehewasborn.Chinahaschangedalotinthelast30years.HowlonghaveyoulearntEnglish?特别注意：在现在完成时（二）中，与“for+时间段/since+时间点”或howlong问句中，动词必定为可连续性动词

15、（learn,stay,live），不能够为短暂性动词(buy,borrow,die若为),短暂性动词则要变换成连续性动词或短语。如：buyhaveborrowkeep/haveleavebeawaydiebedeadcome/go/reachbeinjointhepartybeintheparty错误：Ihaveboughtthebikefor3days.(buy为短暂性动词，不能够与for+时间段连用)正确：Ihavehad/keptthebikefor3days.(将buy改为连续性动词have2.（问）-Howlong?多久.?（答）For+时间段/since+时间点。Howlongh

16、aveyoubeenlikethis?你这样多久了？Ihavebeenillforaboutthreedays.我生病大体三天了。3.catchacold感冒haveafever发热takeonestemperature测量某人的体温doexercise锻炼fastfood快餐notusually不经常threetimesaday一天三次4.beharmfulto对.有害Playingcomputergamesisharmfultoyoureyes.5.bydoing经过做.decide（not）todosth.信心（不）做某事inexcellent/badcondition身体情况优异/差r

17、idetowork=gotoworkbybike骑车上班arriveat/in=getto=reach到达withasmileonone面s带face笑脸goforarun去跑步feelawful感觉不适allover浑身；遍及6.tooto太而不能够Theboyistooyoungtogotoschool.7.choosesb.todosth.选择某人去干某事ontheway在路上M51.Itstime动to词()dosth.=Itstime（名for词）sth.该做某事的时候了。Itstimetohaveclass.=Itstimeclassfor.playgames.=games.eat

18、dinner.=dinner2.fight（foughtfoutht）sb.打某人fightwithsb.与某人打架fightfor为而战3.flythrough飞越climbup爬上4.Iwanttobesomeonelikehim.我想成为想他那样的人。5.keepdoingsomething不断做某事keepsb.doingsth.让某人素来做某事keepsbfromdoingsth.=stopsb.fromdoingsth.阻拦某人做某事Keeptrying,andyoullsucceed（成功）.不断试一试，你就会成功！canthelpdoingsth.身不由己做某事Shecould

19、nthelpcryingwhensheheardthenews.IcanthelpmissingyouwhenIseethephotos.Thelittleboycanthelpancingdwiththerockmusic.7.over=morethan高出8.wintheheartofsb.赢得某人的心Theboywontheheartofthebeautifulgirl.9.makeaterriblemess弄得一团糟10.expecttodosth.希望做某事Iexpecttoseeyousoon.11.eversince+句子(一般过去时)常用于现在完成时）Wehaveknownea

20、he1980s在二十世纪八十年代in1980在1980年（没有the和s）13.findreallifehardtounderstand=findithardtounderstandrealhard发现现实生活难以理解find+宾格+形容词+todo=findit形+容词+todo+宾格：发现做是的14.aswellas=with/andalso和；以及；也；像相同好HecanspeakEnglishaswellasFrench.他会说英语，也会说法语。TonyaswellashisparentslivesinChinanow.托尼

21、和他的父亲母亲现在住在国。（动词要依照就远原则，与aswellas前的主语人称和数一致）IcanspeakEnglishaswellashim.我的英语说得想他相同好。etolife复生/恢复生气16.bepopularwithsb.收到某人的欢迎17.几种时态差异:时态看法标志词一般现在时：经常发生或习惯性地动作谓语动词形式动词原形/三单often时间usuallysometimeseveryday/week一般过去式：过去发生的动作或状态动词过去式yesterdayagojustnow,lastweek/year现在完成时：已经或从前干过某事，对现在的影响have/has+过去分词alre

22、adyyetjustnever.过去发生的动作连续到现在或将来有多久。for+时间段、since+时间点，sofar,rencentlyM6takeup据有（空间/时间）Thedesktookuptoomuchroom.Playingcomputergameshastakenupmostofhistime.从事Hetookupartatschool.他在学校教美术。2.findsomewheretositdown找地方坐下3.abitof+不能数名词=alittleofabitoffood/orangejuiceabitofamess有点乱abit+形容词/副词=alittleabittire

23、d/hungry差异：notabit:一点也不notalittle:很/特别4.must必然（表推测）Itmustbereallyvaluable.他必然很值钱。5.as+(形容词/副词)原级+as:像相同Heisastallashisbrother.否定：notasas不如.Tomisnotastallashisbrother.inone在s（life某人）一世中makesb./sth.+动词原形：使某人/某物做某事Donmaketmelaugh.Thebossmadetheworkerworkforalongtime.近似：letsb./sth.+动词原形：让某人/某物做某事growasa

24、person长大成人someothers一些别的一些10.developoneinterest培养某人的兴趣11.aswellas=besides除了.之外，还包括.AswellasTom,hisparentscametotheparty.汤姆和他的父亲母亲都来参加了这个聚会。encouragesb.todosth.激励某人做某事comeout初版；出门；14.asaresult结果asaresultof由于.=becauseofHedidntworkhard,asaresult,hedidntpasstheexam.15.beinterestedin+名词/动词-ing:对感兴趣Iamver

25、yinterestedinmaths.Areyouinterestedindancing?16.sb.spend+时间+doingsth.某人开销多少时间做某事。=Ittakessb.+时间+todosth.Heusuallyspendslotsoftimeplayingcomputergames.=Itusuallytakeshimlotsoftimetoplaycomputergames.M71.preparefor为做.准备=getreadyfor2.makealistof列的清单3.getready把准备好4.Itsoundscrazy.这听起来很荒谬。5.Idontknowwhatt

26、otake（.简单句=IdontknowwhatIshouldtake.（复合句）attheendof在.的终点/结尾Is200dollarsenough?（金钱、时间、距离做主语时，视作单数）50yearsislongtime.100metresisashortdistance.8.hadbetter+动词原形：最好做某事Youhadbetterstayhomeatnight.否定：hadbetternot+动词原形：最好不要做某事：Youdbetternotgooutnow.9.bytheway顺便说一下gocrazy变疯inagroupof20二十人一组10.offersb.sth.=o

27、ffersth.tosb.向某人供应某物Heofferedthepoorlotsoffoodandwater.offertodosth.自觉去做某事Theyofferedtohelpme.11.learnabout认识atthesametime同时bewelltrained受过优异培训dependon依赖；取决于14.providesb.sth.供应某人某物=providesb.withsth./providesth.forsb.15.settests安排考试formclosefriendshipswith与结.成婚密的友谊stayintouchwith和保持联系taketripsto到去旅行

28、atleast最少fillout填写M8重要语法：宾语从句：在复合句中充当宾语的句子。本模块重点：由that引导的宾语从句，that无义，可省,后接陈述句作宾语。宾语从句复合句=主句+引导词+宾语从句。Icanhardlybelieve(that)wereinthecitycentre.Tonyguessesthattheparkisverypopular.Linglingsuggeststhattheyspendthedaythere.Linglingdoesntthethinkparkwillbebusy.主句和从句的时态关系：主句：一般现在时从句：需依照实质情况用不相同时态Shesays

29、(that)sheworksfromMondaytoFriday.（从句为一般现在时）Shesays(that)shewillleaveamessageonhisdesk.（从句为一般将来时）Mygrandparentsoftentellmetheylivedahardlifeinthepast.（从句为一般过去时）Xiaomingsayshehasalreadyfinishedhishomework.（从句为现在完成时）主句：一般过去时从句：一般过去时/过去时的某种时态Hesaid(that)therewerenoclassesyesterdayafternoon.（从句用一般过去时）Hes

30、aid(that)hewasgoingtotakecareofthebaby.（从句用过去将来时）Ourteachertoldushehadtaughtherefor20years.（从句用过去完成时）特别情况：从句描述的是客观事实、真理、科学名言警句等不以时间改变而改变的事实时，无论主句为何种时态，从句总是用一般现在时。Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.他说光比声音流传得快)Theteachertoldustheearthgoesaroundthesun.（客观事实）Shesaid(that)herfatheristwenty-eightye

31、arsolderthanher.（客观事实）Myfathertoldus(that)nothingisdifficultifweputourheartsintoit.（客观真理）注意：当主句的谓语动词是think或believe，宾语从句要表达否定时，要把从句的否定转移到主句上。IdontthinkheisgoingtohelpyouwithyourEnglish.Wedontbelievethatwehavewonthebasketballmatch.2.hardly几乎不=almostnotHecanhardlybelievetheresult,canhe?（前否后肯）sothat这样致使

32、于Thelittleboyissoyoungthathecantgotoschool.=Thelittleboyistooyoungtogotoschool.Thelittleboyisnotoldenoughtogotoschool.sothat以便；为了=inordertharhearsb./sth.+动词原形：听见某人/某物（经常/过去）做.hearsb./sth.+动词-ing:听见某人/某物正在做.befamousfor因此出名befamousas+职业/身份：作为而出名Thisparkisfamousforitslake.Luxunisfamousasawriter.6.allow

33、doingsth.赞同做某事Theydontallowsmokinghereallowsb.todosth.赞同某人做某事Hisparentsallowedhimtogooutwithme.allow+that从句：Heallowedthattheywereright.他认同他们是对的7.Itsbetter(forsb.)todo（sth对.某人来说）最好去做某事。Itsbetterforyoutostopsmoking.=Youhadbetterstopsmoking.8.pointout指出pointat/to指着（近物/远物）9.atthetopof在的顶部moveabout周围走动10

34、.promisetodosth.答应做某事Hmisenottodosth.保证不做某事Tmise+that从句:Myparentspromisethattheywillbuymeanewshirt.11.haveawonderfultime玩得快乐magicland仙境squarekilometer平方公里byasmalllake在小湖畔wakesb.up唤醒某人12.withoutdoing没有做.Wecameoutwithoutmakinganynoise.13.Itisapitytha

35、t+从句。真遗憾.Itsapitythatyouhavemissedtheparty.14.walkdownthepath顺路而下15.putleavesoffplants从植物扯下叶子thesecondlargest第二大.(the+序数词+最高等：第几最.)17.fallasleep入睡M91.重要语法：if/whether引导的宾语从句复合句，if/whether意为“可否”，用在将直接引语（说话人说得话）为一般疑问句的简单句转变为间接引语（转述他人的话）的复合句中做引导词，转变后需将一般疑问句变为陈述句，即陈述语序。基本结构：主句+if/whether+宾语从句（用陈述语序）（直接引语

36、）“Areyouateacher?”heasks.（间接引语）Heasksif/whetherIamateacher.（直接引语）“Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?”theteacheraskedhim.（间接引语）Theteacheraskedif/whetherIhadfinishedmyhomework.间接引语也就是if/whether引导的宾语从句Hewantstoknowifitwillraintomorrow.Idontknowwhetherheisathomeornot.注：if和whether一般情况下能够互换使用，但以下情况，不能够用if,只能用wh

37、ether:在动词不定式从前只能用whetherIdontknowwhethertoacceptorrefuse（拒绝）.在whetherornot的固定搭配中。Letmeknowwhetheryoucancomeornot.在介词后，只能用whether。IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings.whether。宾语从句放在句首表示重申时，只能用Whetheritistrueornot,Icanttell.用if会引起歧义时，只用whether。如用whether可防备歧义。特别疑问词引导的宾语从句（what/where/when/which/why/how/ho

38、wmany）基本结构：主句+特别疑问词+宾语从句（用陈述语序）直接引语为特别疑问句的简单句转变为间接引语复合句时，用原来的特别疑问词作引导词，但后边需改为陈述句，即陈述语序。（直引）“Whatsyourname?Mr.”Liasksme.（间引）Mr.Liaskswhatmynameis.（直引）“Whydidheaskforhelp?heasked”.（间引）Heaskedwhyheaskedforhelp.间引即为特别疑问词引导的宾语从句。Wheredoeshecomefrom?Idontknow（合.并句子）Idontknowwherehecomesfrom.（合并后，原来的特别疑问句充

39、当宾语从句，故要改为陈述句，由于它不再是问句了）HowcanIgetthere?Canyoutellme?（合并句子）CanyoutellmehowIcangetthere?（剖析同上）注：if/whether和特别疑问词引导的宾语从句复合句，主句和从句的时态与that引导的宾语从句复合句相同，需注意主从句时态的变化。mentionsth.tosb.向某人提及某事takeamessage（forsb.）：（为某人）捎口信4.打电话用语：Whoscalling?=Whosthatspeaking?你是哪位？Isthat(speaking)?你是吗？Thisisspeaking我是.Could/M

40、ayIspeakto我可?以和.说话吗？haveaproblemwithsb.和某人之间出了问题6.getseparated分开7.explainsth.tosb.向某人剖析某事Pleaseexplainthemeaningtome.explain+疑问词+不定式：Couldyouexplainhowtodoitwell?explain+宾语从句：Couldyouexplainwhathappenedthen?8.refusetodosth.拒绝做某事Herefusedtohelpme.9.feel/besureof对有.掌握10.regrettodosth.遗憾地（要）做某事（还未做）regretregretted-regrettedIregrettedsclodinghimtheotherday.我后悔几天前责备过他。regretdoingsth.后悔做过某事(已经做过了）Iregettotellyouthatyouaredismissed.我遗憾地告诉你：你被开除了。bepatientwithsb.对某人耐心introduceAtoB:把A介绍给B（认识）encouragesb.todosth.激励某人做某事Myparentsalwaysencouragemetostudyhard.14.haveahar