对外经济贸易国际贸易学综合2005真题

1、对外经济贸易大学2005 年攻读学位入学413 国际贸易学综合试题（每小题 4 分，共 20 分）一、充分就业平衡关税复汇率盈余4分配原则5过期提单二、判断题（只判断正误，无需改正，每小题 1 分，共 7 分）1乌拉圭回合签署的服务贸易总协定将国际服务贸易界定为自然人、消费、商业存在、贸易四种形式。国际商品协定中，缓冲存货指协定参加国通过建立的供应短缺。浮动汇率制度为外汇投机提供了土壤和条件，助长了外汇投机活动，加剧了国际金性商品库存以应付可能发生融市场的和。4欧洲债券是一国借款人在外国际债券。市场上的以该市场所在国货币表明面值的国5FCA、CPT、CIP 三种贸易术语中，就卖方承担的责任与风

2、险而言，FCA 最小，CPT其次，CIP 最大。6信用证修改通知书有多项内容时，只能全部接受或全部，不能只接受其中的一部分，而7另一部分。工具在途中发生了搁浅、触礁、沉没等意外事故，不论意外事故发生之前或之后货物在海上遭遇恶劣气候、雷电、海啸等自然平安险的承保范围。三、单项选择（每小题 1 分，共 5 分）造成被保险货物的部分损失，属于1“”是指（ ）的。A经常项目改善与资本项目改善B贬值与进口D货币政策与外部平衡C外部平衡与平衡2不属于国际上通常采用的衡量一国在一时点外债负担的指标是（ ）A外债余额国民生产总值 B外债利率外债总额C外债余额出口商品、劳务的外汇收入额D外债还本付息额出口商品、

3、劳务的外汇收入额3我公司出口大宗商品，按 CIF 新加坡成卸货费用，则应选择的贸易术语的变形是（ ）。同规定采用程租船，我公司不愿承担ACIF Liner Terms SingaporeCCIF Ex Ships Hold SingaporeBCIF Landed SingaporeDCIF Ex Tackle Singapore4我某应采用（ ）。公司按 FOB 条件出口一批货物，采用程租船，若我方不愿承担装船费用，AFOB Under TackleCFOB TrimmedBFOB StowedDFOBST5在国际货物合同中，作为卖方的 A 公司利和为买方的 B 公司，B 在合同签订后将10

4、 万定金先付给 A 公司。后 A 公司没有履行合同，问 A 公司应该返还 B 公司多少万（ ）。Al 0 C5B20D30四、简答题（每题 8 分共 32 分）l在研究企业的成本变动规律中，规模经济、范围经济和学习曲线对企业的成本分别影响?简单说明比较优势与机会成本的关系，并根据生产可能性边界说明为什么当一国存在比较优势时，国际贸易具有使该国在其生产可能性边界之外消费的效应?简述人力资本说对里昂惕夫之谜的解释。4根据国际目下货币可兑换的标准。五、论述题（12 分）金协定第八条款“会员国的一般义务”第 24 章规定，经常项试述经济地位问题的由来与经济意义。六、论述与计算分析题（14 分）已知总生

5、产函数为Y=K0 5（AN）0 5，其中 K 为资本存量，A 为技术水平，N 为劳动力数量。假定：A 为 1，N 以自然增长率 n0.1 的速度增长，写出人均生产函数的形式。根据新古典经济增长模型，当储蓄率 s=20时，求经济稳定增长时的人均资本量和人均收入。稳定状态下的人均收入增长率是多少?总收入增长率是多少?（4）说明有哪些七、案例分析题（10 分）影响稳态的人均收入增长率?如何影响?我某轻工公司与某国 JL 公司达成一份出门合同，支付条件为 DP，45 天付款。当汇票及所附单据通过托收行寄抵进口地代收行后，JL 公司及时在汇票上办理了承兑手续。货抵目的港时，由于用货心切，加上行情看涨，J

6、L 公司出具收据向代收行借得单据，先行提货并 。汇票到期时，JL 公司由于经营不善，失去偿付能力。代收行以汇票付款人拒付为由通知托收行，并建议由我公司直接向 JL 公司索取货款。对此，你认为我公司应如何处理？说明理由。八、英译汉（共三段，共 50 分）lThe Classical Theory of Motivation（20 分）The classical theory of motivation can be sed simply: Money is the so1e motivatorheworkplace. In this view, human beings are economic

7、 creatures who work only to pay for food,clothing, and shelter（and whatever luxuries they may be able to affordt）. To motivateng things theworkers, then, a manger has only to show themcompanys way.t theyll earn more money byThe chief spokesfor the classical theory was Frederick W .Taylo（r 1856-1915）

8、, A firmbeverhe diviof labor, Taylor broke worko smalitst were both efficient andeasy to measure. Hethen determined a reasonable level of productivity for each task andestablished a quota, or minimum goal,t he expected each worker to reach. Under thispiecework system, workers who just met or fell sh

9、ort of the quota were paid a certain amount foreacit produced. Those who surpassed it were paid at a higher rate for alits produced, notjust for thoset exceeded the quota. Needless to say, his system gave workers a strong incentiveto increase productivity.About 1900 Taylors system, called scientific

10、 management, wasroduced at BethlehemSteel with impressive results. The average steel handlers wage rose from $I15 to$1.85 a day, andproductivity increased so sharplyndling costs were cut by moren half. The experimenthad a profitablee for everyone.The classical theory of motivation worked well in the

11、 early part of this century for a goodreason: Most workers were very poor. Today, however, classical theory tails to explain why a whose spouse makes a good living will still want to work or why a Wall Street lawyer willtake a hefty pay cut to serve inernment. Clearly, money is not the only thingt m

12、otivatespeople to work（as Taylor was quite aware-he also did pioneer work in job design and worker health）.2A China Upstart Takes on Ebay（20 分）Chiernet entrepreneur Jack Ma is a small man with elfin features. Its easier toimagine a stiff wind blowing him across the surface of West Lake, the maourist

13、raction in hishometown of Hangzhou,n to picture him blocking the global expandrive of an onlinejuggernaut like eBay. And yetts just what Ma, CEO of a little-known B2B auction site called, isng. “we were scared,” Ma says of his reactionarch 2002 when eBay paid$30 million for a 33 stake in EachNet, Ch

14、inasand largest online trading site forconsumers. Ma now calls eBay “a lot weakern we thought”.Last year, just EachNet, Ma put（Chiks after eBay spent $l50 million to acquire the remaining 67 of in direct competition by launching a rival consumer site calledfor “digging for treasure”）. Ma, a former E

15、nglish teacher who has beenhailed by many as the father of Chinasinsists eBay will prove no match forernet since he registered Chinaswebsite in 1995,s local savvy and superior customer service-and nouser fees. EBay, he says, may be the “sharkRiver.”he ocean, but we are the crocodilehetzeThe water th

16、ese sharp-toothed creatures inhabit will soon be far wider. China has moren80 millionernet users, making it the worlds second-1argesternet population after the U.S.But eBay CEO Meg Whitman thinks the number of ChiNetizens could soar to 500 million,which over the next ten to l 5 years would make Chin

17、a eBays biggest market.Whitmans determination to succeed in China reflects painful lessons learned in Japan, where in 2000 eBay rolled out its site five months after Yahoo. Unable to convert users, in 2002Whitman closed eBays Japasite and withdrew.t failure added urgency to his search foropportuniti

18、es elsewhere in Asia. In late 2000, Whitman dispatched aide Stephanie Tilenius toscout the Chilandsc. Tileniusmended Shanghai-based EachNet, led by CEO ShaoYibo, as the most attractive partner. Shao, a Shanghai native who graduated from HarvardBusiness School and worked atton Consulting Group, in fa

19、cd fashioned the site in eBaysimage. Whitman met Shao just after the Sept.1l terroristacks unable to get a flight back to theU.S. from Tokyo, he and Tilenius decided to fly to China instead.Unlike eBay in the U.S., which was profitable from the outset, EachNet has yet to make money. Whitman is never

20、theless encouraged by the factt EachNet made a smooth transition tothe eBay mestimatesof charging fees to sellers. Wang Yue, anyst with iResearch in Beijing,titems sold on EachNet now account for about 70 of the total value of goodspurchased online by Chiconsumers. With the EachNet acquisition, he s

21、ays, “eBay has clearlye Chinas market leader.”3The Bersn（10 分）Nature ofnBers and brokers have an over securities deited with them by customers. Achsecurities frequently relate to advanof then. Teral rule concerning the nature of suchabn has been sed by Lord Kenyon in Davis v. Bowsher “by the general

22、 law of the land aer has a generaln upon all the securities in his hands belonging to any particularforhis general balance, unless there be evidence to shewt he received any particular security underspel circumstan, which would take it out of the common rule.” Similarly, in Branv.Barnett Lord Lyndhurst saidt “by the law-merchant, a ber has an for his general balanceon securities deited with him.” However, there is a difference betn the bersn andother types of 1ien. This has been explained by Lord Denning M.R., in Halesowen Pesswork andA