备战2021届高考英语二轮专题复习爱尚阅读话题篇专题05历史与地理含解析

1、备战2021届高考英语二轮专题复习爱尚阅读话题篇专题05历史与地理含解析备战2021届高考英语二轮专题复习爱尚阅读话题篇专题05历史与地理含解析备战2021届高考英语二轮专题复习爱尚阅读话题篇专题05历史与地理含解析专题05 历史与地理【美文阅读1】Something wonderful in a disasterOn May 27, 1995, our life was suddenly changed.It happened a few minutes past three，when my husband, Chris， fell from his horse as it jumped o

2、ver a fence。Chris was paralyzed from the chest down, unable to breathe normally。As he was thrown from his horse， we entered into a life of convenience with lots of unexpected challenges.We went from the haves” to the “havenots。Or so we thought.Yet what we discovered later were all the gifts that cam

3、e out of sharing difficulties.We came to learn that something wonderful could happen in a disaster. All over the world people cared for Chris so much that letters and postcards poured in every day。 By the end of the third week in a medical center in Virginia, about 35，000 pieces of mail had been rec

4、eived and sorted。 As a family, we opened letter after letter.They gave us comfort and became a source of strength for us.We used them to encourage ourselves。I would go to the pile of letters marked with Funny” if we needed a laugh， or to the Disabled” box to find advice from people in wheelchairs or

5、 even in bed living happily and successfully。 These letters， we realized， had to be shared。And so here we offer one of them to you。Dear Chris, My husband and I were so sorry to hear of your riding accident last week.No doubt your family and your friends are giving you the strength to face this techn

6、ical challenge.People everywhere are also giving you best wishes every day and we are among those who are keeping you alive.Yours Sincerely,Nancy Reagan灾难中的美好1995年5月27日，我们的生活突然发生了变化。就在三点过几分钟，我丈夫克里斯从马背上摔了下来，他从胸前摔下来，无法正常呼吸。当他从马背上摔下来的时候,我们进入了一个有很多意想不到的挑战的便利的生活。我们从从“有”到“无”.或者我们是这么想的.然而，我们后来发现，所有的礼物都来自于分

7、享的困难。我们逐渐了解到，灾难中可能会发生一些美妙的事情.全世界的人都非常关心克里斯，以至于每天都有信件和明信片涌入。到了第三个周末，在弗吉尼亚州的一个医疗中心，大约有35000封邮件已经收到并分类。作为一个家庭,我们一封又一封地打开信，它们给了我们安慰，成为我们力量的源泉。我们用它们来鼓励自己。如果我们需要欢笑，我会去标有“有趣字样的那一堆信,或者到“残疾人”的信箱里,向坐在轮椅上甚至床上的人们寻求建议,让他们快乐而成功地生活。这些信件，我们意识到，必须被分享，所以在这里我们提供其中一封给你。亲爱的克里斯，我丈夫和我很遗憾听到你上周的骑行事故。毫无疑问,你的家人和朋友给了你力量去面对这项技术

8、挑战。世界各地的人们也每天都在向你致以最美好的祝愿，而我们也是那些让你活下来的人之一。谨上，南希里根注解:1. paralyzed prlaizd adj. 瘫痪的，麻痹的2. chest test n.胸，胸腔;柜子,橱3。 challenge tlind n挑战;质问4。 pour p:r vt.灌,倒，注 vi。倾泻，流出5. pile pail n.一堆，一叠 v。堆积6. technical teknikl a。技术的，工艺的语法点拨：1. All over the world people cared for Chris so much that letters and postc

9、ards poured in every day.【归纳】sothat引导结果状语从句，表示“如此以致”,使用时要注意其倒装方式，如： This book is so interesting that everyone wants to read it。 这本书很有趣,人人都想看看. =So interesting is the book that everyone wants to read it。 注意：so that通常用于引导目的状语从句，表示“为了、以便”, 如： They got up early so that they could catch the early bus。 为了

10、能赶上早班车，他们早早就起床了。2。 I would go to the pile of letters marked with ”Funny if we needed a laugh.【归纳】the pile of letters marked with 其中marked with 为过去分词作定语，相当于定语从 句 that were marked with。注意体会现在分词与过去分词作定语的差别： boiled water 开水 boiling water 正沸腾的水 developed countries发展的国家 developing countries 发展中国家 fallen l

11、eaves 落叶 falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子 changed condition 改变了的情况 changing condition 变化着的情况【美文阅读2】导读：本文介绍的是水城威尼斯。它是世界上唯一没有汽车的城市;它因水而生,因水而美，因水而兴，号称“亚得里亚海皇后”。Venice Queen of the AdriaticThe historic city of Venice stretches across a shallow saltwater lagoon in northeast Italy。 The city was once a major sea pow

12、er and an important center for politics and trade. It has since faded from glory and declined in influence， but the ”Queen of the Adriatic” remains rich in beauty, art, and tourism。Built on a string of islands alongside the Adriatic Sea， Venice is famous for its canals, which serve as roads。 The onl

13、y transportation in the old city center has been by boat or on foot for centuries. Traditional Venetian boats still ferry tourists through the narrow canals， though nowadays most Venetians travel by motorized waterbus。 Arched footbridges traverse the canals， adding to the picturesque charm of this f

14、airytale city。 Venice is Europes largest carfree area and a World Heritage Site。While its unique infrastructure is enough to make it a historic gem, Venice also boasts a rich cultural history. During the Renaissance， Venice was one of the most important musical centers in Europe。 Countless books， pl

15、ays, musical compositions, and works of art have been inspired by Venice. Presently， the city draws more than seven million tourists per year。Sadly， the future of Venice is threatened. Since the 20th century, when wells began to draw water from the ground to support local industry, Venice has been s

16、inking. In many old houses， lower level staircases are now flooded and former ground floors have become uninhabitable。 Nevertheless, Venetian life goes on and the city continues to charm its many visitors。威尼斯亚得里亚海皇后历史名城威尼斯横跨意大利东北部的一个咸水湖.这个城市曾经是一个主要的海上力量和重要的政治、贸易中心。虽然它昔日的荣耀和影响力已经褪去,这位“亚得里亚海皇后”在美景、艺术与

17、旅游业方面依然非常富有。建筑于亚得里亚海沿岸的一系列岛屿之上的威尼斯以运河而闻名，运河就是这个城市的道路.几百年来，旧城中心唯一的交通工具就是乘船或者步行.虽然现在大多数威尼斯人乘坐电动水上巴士，传统的威尼斯船只仍然在狭窄的运河中摆渡游客.拱形的人行天桥横贯运河之上，为这座童话般的城市增加了如画般的吸引力.威尼斯是欧洲最大的无车区,也是世界遗产城市.虽然独特的基础设施足以使它成为历史珍宝,威尼斯还拥有丰富的文化史。在文艺复兴时期，威尼斯是欧洲最重要的音乐中心之一。威尼斯激发了无数书籍、戏剧、乐曲和艺术品的产生。目前，这座城市每年吸引着七百多万游客。令人难过的是，威尼斯的未来受到了威胁。自从20

18、世纪人们从水井抽取地下水支持当地工业开始，威尼斯开始了下沉。在很多老房子里，低层的楼梯浸在水中，以前的一楼已经无法住人。尽管如此，威尼斯的生活还在继续，这座城市使众多的游客为之陶醉。重点单词：1. lagoon lgun n。 咸水湖2。 Adriatic ,eidritik adj。 亚得里亚海的3。 ferry fer vt。（乘渡船)渡过；用渡船运送4。 traverse trvs； trvs vt。 穿过5. picturesque ，pktresk adj. 生动的；图画般的6。 heritage hertd n. 遗产7。 infrastructure nfrstrkt n. 基础

19、设施8。 gem dem n. 宝石,珍宝; 精华9. boast bst 包含，容纳；有10. Renaissance rnsns n. 文艺复兴（欧洲14至16世纪）重点短语 / 亮点句式：1. Built on a string of islands alongside the Adriatic Sea， Venice is famous for its canals， which serve as roads。建筑于亚得里亚海沿岸的一系列岛屿之上的威尼斯以运河而闻名，运河就是这个城市的道路。（1）be famous for 因而著名。如:A school as such should

20、be famous for its teaching， its sports and games, and its strict discipline。一个像这样的学校，必须在教学、运动、球戏、及严格纪律训练等方面，能够著名。(2）which引导的是一个非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词canals。如：Some of the roads were flooded，which made our journey more difficult。有些路被水淹了，这使得我们的行程更加困难。2. add to 增添;加强。如：The bad weather added to the shipwrecked s

21、ailors difficulties.恶劣的天气增加了失事船只的船员们的困难。3。 While its unique infrastructure is enough to make it a historic gem， Venice also boasts a rich cultural history。虽然独特的基础设施足以使它成为历史珍宝，威尼斯还拥有丰富的文化史。while 在此意为“虽然”,引导让步状语从句.如：While he loves his students， he is strict with them.虽然他爱他的学生，他对他们非常严厉。4. go on 继续。如:Th

22、is situation seemed to go on indefinitely.这种状况似乎要无限期地继续下去.名句背诵：Most ignorance is vincible ignorance。 We dont know because we dont want to know. （Aldous Huxley， British writer） 大多无知是可以克服的。我们不知道只是因为我们不想知道.（英国作家奥尔德斯赫胥黎） 【话题解读】 “历史与地理”是高中英语课程标准话题之一，也是高考常考话题。本话题包括中国历史与地理的基本知识、世界历史与地理的基本知识、重大历史事件以及与历史活动有关

23、的重要历史人物、政治、经济、宗教活动等.通过历史与地理这一话题的学习和高考考查，增强学生学习历史与地理的兴趣，提高学生的历史底蕴和文化修养，促进学生的身心健康。近几年的高考英语中，“历史与地理”这个话题屡见不鲜.在听力、阅读理解、完形填空、语法填空以及书面表达中,出题者常会涉及某个地方的史地概况、风土人情等，例如2016年浙江卷阅读理解C篇、2016年江苏卷阅读理解D篇、2016年四川卷阅读理解C篇、2016年北京卷书面表达、2015年新课标卷I和2015年新课标卷II的语法填空等. 【相关词汇】。写作必记单词1. attackvt.进攻；袭击 2。 disappear vi.消失 disap

24、pearancen.消失；失踪3。 escape vi。逃跑 4。 feedvt。喂养；饲养；靠为生；向提供 5。 local adj。当地的 locate vt.把设置(在）;使坐落(于) location n.地点;位置6。 native adj.本地的;本国的7. raise vt。饲养；提高 8. range n。山脉；vi。排列;延伸9。 ruin vt.毁坏；毁灭;n。废墟；毁灭 10。 strike v。突然侵袭；打击；打动；突然想到11。 threaten vt。威胁；恐吓 threat n。威胁.阅读识记单词12。abolish vt。 废除 13.aggression n.

25、侵略 aggressive adj.侵略的；具有攻击性的14.betray vt。 出卖;泄露机密 15.distribute vt. 发放;分发 distribution n。分配；配给16。drought n 。干旱17.dynasty n .朝代 18。erupt vi.(火山) 爆发；喷发 eruptionn。爆发 19。frighten vt。 使惊恐 frightening adj.令人惊恐的，骇人的 frightened adj。害怕的;受惊的20。foggy adj. 有雾的 fog n.雾 21.freezing adj。 冰冻的；极冷的 freezevi.&vt。将冷冻,冻

26、僵 frozen adj。结冰的，冷冻的22。geography n 。地理 23.historic adj。 历史的;有历史意义的 history n.历史 historical adj.历史(上）的；与历史有关的 24。historical adj。 与历史有关的25。incident n .事变26.independence n .独立27.invade vt. 侵略28.monument n .纪念碑29.mountainous adj. 多山的30。occupy vt。 占领；使忙碌31。origin n .起源；由来32.religion n .宗教33。religious adj

27、. 宗教的34.remote adj。 偏远的；偏僻的35。racial adj。 种族的36。revolution n 。革命37。sacrifice vt. 牺牲38.shortage n 。缺乏39。shower n .阵雨；淋浴 40.supply vt。 提供；供应；n. 供应；供给41。terrifyvt。 使恐怖 42.urban adj。 城市的;都市的43.weapon n 。武器 III.话题相关词汇1.地理geography2.古迹historical spot3.省；州province/state4.首都；省会capital5.矿藏，矿物质mineral 6。东南方的s

28、outheastern7.西北方的northwestern8.遗址ruin9.郡/县county10。华南South China11。华北North China12.师范大学Normal University13.城市建筑urban architecture14.艺术长廊the art gallery15。依据according to16.悠久历史have a long history/with a long history17.挨近；靠近be close to18.矿产资源mineral resourceIV。话题相关词组1.城市规划urban planning2。城镇人口urban pop

29、ulation 3.追溯到date back to 4。以为背景set in5。独有的特色unique features6。占地面积7 434 平方公里cover an area of 7，434 square kilometres7。人口超过600万have a population of over 6 million/with a population of more than 6 million.。8.2 200年的悠久历史have a history of 2，200 years/with a history of 2，200 yearsV.实用句型1.广州，别名花城，地处珠江三角洲(

30、the Pearl River Delta)北部，临近港澳.The city of Guangzhou, nicknamed as Flower City， is located in the north of the Pearl River Delta, close to Hongkong and Macao.2。广州是广东省的政治经济文化中心。Guangzhou is the political， economic and cultural centre of Guangdong Province.3。各地气候差异很大。The climate differs sharply from on

31、e area to another。4.澳大利亚拥有极为丰富的矿产资源，且铁矿储量居世界第二。Australia has pretty rich mineral resources， and its iron resource is ranked 2nd in the world。VI。佳作背诵假定你是星光中学的高中毕业生李华,母校将为高一新生举办主题为“What to learn in senior high school”的英语沙龙活动，特邀请你结合自身经历谈谈自己的体会。请根据以下提纲准备一份英语发言稿。1。学会学习：方法、习惯等；2。学会做人：真诚、友善等；3.其他方面：自拟。参考范文

32、What to learn in senior high schoolGood morning， everyone！ It is my great honour to be here to share with you my opinions on what to learn in senior high school.In the coming three years， your school life will be challenging。Firstly，you should learn to learn efficiently. Personally，I used to try eff

33、ective methods to achieve my academic goals. Developing a good habit is also of importance。 It really benefited me a lot to preview lessons， get actively involved in class and review what had been taught after class。In addition，you should learn how to get along with others in school。 For example，I r

34、espected teachers and was friendly with classmates.It was with sincerity and faithfulness that we created a harmonious atmosphere。Finally，you should take part in sports and other outdoor activities frequently.As they are very helpful to build up your body and enrich your school life.No pains，no gain

35、s. I am sure that with your great efforts, you will enjoy a colorful and fruitful life here。Thank you！ I.阅读理解阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项.AOn April 10， 1912, the ocean liner Titanic set off on its first voyage with more than 2，200 people on board。 It was a historic moment。 The ship was the large

36、st passenger ship in the world.But on the night of April 14, the Titanic struck a giant iceberg。 Within hours, it sank to the bottom of the ocean。 There were only enough lifeboats for about half the people on board. More than 1，500 passengers and crew members died。The tragedy made headlines around t

37、he world。 The tale of the ship has inspired many books， plays and movies. That includes 1997s Titanic-one of the most popular films in history.Now, more than a century later， a replica （复制品) of the ship is being built. The Titanic II is expected to follow the route of the original ship. It is schedu

38、led to launch in 2022 and sail from Southampton, England， to New York City。In many ways， the Titanic II will be hard to tell apart from the original ship. It will have the same cabin layouts (布局） and serve the same fancy meals。 But according to the Blue Star Line, the company building the ship, ther

39、e will be some important differences. The Titanic II will have the latest technology and safety featuresincluding enough motordriven lifeboats for everyone on board. Though the ship itself will be more modern， sailing on it will be a journey back in time, says Clive Palmer， the Owner of Blue Star Li

40、ne。“It is a tribute (致敬） to the spirit of the men and women who worked on the original Titanic，” he says。1.What do we know about the Titanic？A。It was the largest passenger ship of its day。B.More than 2，200 people died when it sankC.It set sail from New York City。D。It sank the first day after it set

41、sail.2.Why does the author mention the 1997 movie Titanic？A。To describe the ships design。B.To highlight the publics interest in the ship.C.To explain why the Titanic sank。D.To compare the new ship with the original one.3.How will the Titanic II differ from the original ship?A.It will follow a new ro

42、ute across the Atlantic Ocean。B.It will serve fancy meals to passengers。C.It will have enough lifeboats for all passengers。D.It will have smaller cabins for passengers.4。What is the best title for the text?A。The Unsinkable TitanicB。The Titanic Sails AgainC.Titanic Stories Will Go onD.The Reconstruct

43、ion of TitanicB The first organized system for sending messages began in Egypt around 1500 B.C。This system developed because the pharaohs frequently needed to send messages up and down the Nile River in order to keep their empire running smoothly. Later， the Persians developed a more efficient syste

44、m for sending messages using men and horses。 Messages carriers rode along the road system stretching from one end of the Persian Empire to the other. Along these roads, fresh men and horses waited at special stations to take and pass along any messages that needed to be sent。 The stations where ride

45、rs passed messages back and forth were built 23 kilometers apart, so the men and horses were able to travel quickly between them。 The Romans later took up his idea and improved it by using a more advanced and extensive road system。In China， however, Kublai Khan had built up his own system for delive

46、ring messages. This system worked in the same basic way as the Roman system。 The difference was that Kublai Khan kept 300,000 horses along the roads of this delivery lines。 There were over 10,000 stations where a message would be passed from one rider to another with a fresh horse。 In this way, Kubl

47、ai Khan could receive messages from anywhere in the country in only a few days。It was not until the 1500s that a wellorganized postal system appeared again in Europe。 One family， the von Taxis family, gained the right to deliver mail for the Holy Roman Empire and parts of Spain. This family continue

48、d to carry mail， both government and private， throughout Europe for almost 300 years.In 1653, a Frenchman， Renouard de Velayer, established a system for delivering post in Paris. Postal charges at that time were paid by the recipient ， but de Velayers system was unique by allowing the sender to prep

49、ay the charges, in a similar way to the modern stamp。 Unfortunately, de Velayers system came to an end when jealous competitors put live mice in his letter boxes， ruining his business. Eventually， government-controlled postal systems took over from private postal businesses, and by the 1700s governm

50、ent ownership of most postal systems in Europe was an accepted fact of life.The thing that all these early systems had in common was that they were quite expensive for public use, and were intended for use by the government and the wealthy. However, in 1840, a British schoolteacher named Roland Hill

51、 suggested introducing postage stamps, and a postal rate based on weight。 This resulted in lowering postal rates, encouraging more people to use the system to stay in touch with each other, His idea helped the British postal system begin to earn profits as early as 1850. Soon after that many other c

52、ountries took up Mr。 Hills idea。 And letter writing became accessible to anyone who could write. Today， the Roland Hill awards are given each year to ”encourage and reward fresh ideas which help promote philately” （stamp collecting).5。What is the main topic of the passage?A.How international letters

53、 travel.B.A surprising method for delivering mail。C。The history of postal systems.D。Changes in the methods of communication.6.Which of the following statements about Renouard de Velayer is true?A.His was a government-controlled system.B.His competitors destroyed his business。C.His system lasted for

54、hundreds of years.D.In his system, the person who received the letter paid the postage fees。7.Which of the systems mentioned in the passage was most like the postal system today?A.Egyptian.B。Chinese.C.de Velayers。D.von Taxiss.8。What was Roland Hills greatest achievement?A.He made letter writing acce

55、ssible to the average person.B。He made a lot of money for the British postal system.C.He made stamp collecting a popular hobby。D。He won an award for letter writing。C Australia is a society of people from a rich diversity (多样） of cultural, ethnic， linguistic (语言的） and religious backgrounds。 Most Aust

56、ralians are immigrants or the descendants (后裔） of immigrants who arrived over the past two centuries from more than 200 countries。Cultural and linguistic diversity was a feature of Australian life before European settlement and remains a defining feature of modern society。 Immigration began with Eur

57、opean settlement in 1788. It continued at a steady pace reaching 50,000 a year during the Gold Rush Period of the 1850s until the population reached seven million in the 1940s. Most settlers were from a British background。 Since the Second World War， the Australian governments immigration program ha

58、s brought more than 6。6 million migrants to Australia.Today， almost one in four of Australias estimated resident population of 24 million was born overseas. The last 50 years have seen a significant change in the source countries of people who choose to come here. In the 1960s, 45 of all new settler

59、s were born in the United Kingdom and Ireland. By 2006 to 2007， this had fallen to 17， with settlers and long-term visitors increasing from countries in the Asia-Pacific region， Africa and the Middle East.Australia recognizes, accepts and respects cultural diversity. There are few countries in the w

60、orld where migrants have achieved the level of economic， political, social and cultural participation that they have in Australia。 Foreign languages are taught in most mainstream Australian schools and universities, as well as in community ethnic schools, many of which are funded by the Australian g