高三英语第一轮复习：高考英语语法专项复习：主谓一致冀教版

1、PAGE 用心 爱心 专心高三英语第一轮复习：高考英语语法专项复习：主谓一致冀教版【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：高考英语语法专项复习：主谓一致教学过程一、名词作主语（1）某些集体名词，如family、team等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。如：His family is a happy one. The whole family are watching TV. 这类名词有audience, class, club, company, crew, enemy, crowd, government, group, party,

2、 public, team等，a group/crowd of 复数名词等短语也适合上述情况，population 前有分数时即“分数of the population”谓语为复数，而the population作主语，谓语为单数。（2）某些集体名词，如people, police, cattle等，只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。如：The police are searching for the thief.（3）单、复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。如：A sheep is over there. / Some sheep are over there.这类名词有

3、：sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese.（4）名词所有格之后的名词被省略，这种情况一般只指商店、工厂、住宅等。作主语时，动词一般用单数。如：The doctors is across the street. / My uncles is not far from here.常见的省略名词有：the bakers, the barbers, the carpenters, the Zhangs等。（5）当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，往往可以根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语用单数形式。如：Three years has

4、passed since then.（6）不定代词each, every, no所修饰的单数名词即使以and或逗号连接成多主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：Each boy and each girl _ （want）to go to the cinema.（7）如果主语由more than one . 或 many a . 构成，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：More than one student _ （have ）read the book. / Many a girl _ （have ）been there.但是，“more复数名词than one”结构之

5、后，谓语动词一般多用复数形式。如：More members than one _ （be ）against your plan.（8）一些由两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，例如：glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors等。但如果主语用“a kind of, a pair of, a series of 等加名词”构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如：A pair of shoes _ （be）on the desk.（9）this kind of booka book o

6、f this kind（这种书），其谓语动词用单数；短语this kind of menmen of this kind /these kind of men（口语，这一类人），但this kind of men 的谓语动词用单数，men of this kind 和 these kind of men 的谓语动词用复数，all kinds of 后跟复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。如：This kind of men _ （be ）dangerous. / Men of this kind_ （be ）dangerous.（10）复数形式的单、复数同形名词作主语时，按意义一致的原则，用作单数意

7、义时，谓语用单数，反之，谓语用复数。这类名词有：means（方法）, works（工厂）, species（种类）, Chinese, Japanese等。如：The （This）glass works was set up in 1980. 这家玻璃厂建于1980年。The （These）glass works are near the railway station. （这些玻璃厂在火车站附近）当它们前面有a, such a, this, that修饰时，谓语用单数；有all, such, these, those修饰时，谓语用复数，但means, no means, the means等

8、词前没有以上修饰词时,可用作单数，也可用作复数。（11）如果名词词组中心词是all（all指人为复数，指物为单数），most, half, rest等词语，所指是复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式；反之，用单数。如：All of my classmates _（like）music. / All of the water_ （be）gone.（12）在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：Between the two windows _（hang）a picture.二、由连接词连接的名词作主语（1）用and或both . and 连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。如：Plas

9、tics and rubber never rot. / Walking and riding are good exercises.但是，并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式，这时and后面的名词没有冠词。如：Truth and honesty is the best policy. / The girls teacher and friend is a young doctor.To love and to be loved is great happiness.Going to bed early and getting up early is a goo

10、d habit. / A knife and fork is on the table.（2）当主语后面跟有as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数按主语的单、复数而定。如： The teacher as well as the students was in the library.（3）以or, either . or, n

11、either . nor, not only . but also 等连接的名词（代词）作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数应根据就近一致的原则。如：Tom or his brothers_ （be）waiting in the room. / Either you or he _ （be）to go.三、代词作主语（1）名词性物主代词作主语时，既可以用作单数，也可以用作复数，这取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。如：Ours （Our Party）is a great party.Your shoes are black, and mine （my shoes）are brown.（2）such, th

12、e same 起指示代词作用时，应根据其所指的内容来决定单、复数。如：Such is our plan. Such are his words.（3）关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如：Those who _ （want）to go please put up your hands.Some of the energy that_ （be）used by man comes from the sun.（4）疑问代词who, what, which作主语时，谓语动词可根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单、复数。如：Who lives

13、 next door? It is Xiao Liu. / Who live next door? It is Zhang and Liu.Which is （are）your book（s）? / What produce（s）heat?（5）不定代词any, either, neither, none, all, some, more 等作主语时，有以下两种情况：单独作主语时，视其在文中的意义，动词可用单数或复数形式。如：Now all has been changed. All are present.either, neither单独作主语时，谓语通常用单数。但后接of时，若of的宾语

14、为不可数名词，动词当然用单数形式，若of的宾语为复数名词或代词时，动词可以是单数，也可以是复数，在正式文体中，单数形式的动词更常用。如：Do（es）any of you know his address? / None of them has（have）seen the film.四、分数、量词作主语（1）“分数或百分数名词”构成的短语以及由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of名词”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致，这是因为短语中后面的名

15、词是中心词,而短语中前面的量词是修饰语。如：Lots of damage_ （were / was）caused by fire.About three fourths of the earths surface_ （be）covered with water.Three fifths of the workers here _ （be）women.和这种情况类似的还有“a number of名词复数”，但是，“the number of名词”的中心词却是number，试比较：A number of students have gone home. / The number of pages

16、in this book is two hundred.注意：（large）quantities of 修饰可数或不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数。例如：Quantities of food（nuts）were on the table.短语in quantity, in large quantities意为“大量”；in small quantities意为“少量”。（2）a great deal of, a large amount of修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数；large amounts of修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。如：

17、A large amount of（A great deal of）damage was done in a very short time.Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.（3）half of, （a）part of修饰可数名词单数及不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数，修饰可数名词复数时，谓语动词用复数。五、名词化的形容词作主语如果主语由“the形容词（或过去分词）”结构担任时，谓语通常用复数。这类词有：the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the

18、sick, the dead, the deaf and dumb, the oppressed, the injured, the wounded, the unemployed等。如果表示不可数的事物，抽象概念或一个人，谓语动词用单数形式。The old are well looked after by the government.The agreeable is not always the useful. （赏心悦目的不一定实用。）六、动名词、动词不定式短语、主语从句作主语动名词、动词不定式短语、主语从句作主语，谓语动词用单数。但由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数，但若所指

19、的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。如：What we need is more time. / What we need are doctors.【典型例题】1. 误：Not only the officials but also the emperor were stupid. 误：Either you or I are wrong. 2. 误：Are either of your parents a worker?3. 误：They each raises a question. 4. 误：All but one was absent today. 误：Twenty of t

20、he students in our class are girl, and the rest is boys. 5. 误：Each boy and each girl were holding a flag. 6. 误：The leader and doctor were writing a letter. 7. 误：The first and the last composition was well written. 8. 误：What I say and what I think is my own affair. 9. 误：Whatre that?10. 误：Bread and bu

21、tter are better for you than cake. 11. 误：Fathers and Sons are a masterpiece（名著）. 12. 误：Mr. Li, as well as his children, are going there by bus. 误：I, not you, are in charge of the shop. 13. 误：Many a boys have swum in the river. 误：More than one astronaut have traveled to the moon. 14. 误：The number of

22、pupils of our school are increasing rapidly. 15. 误：Some folk is never satisfied. 16. 误：My family is early risers. 17. 误：Another pair of glasses are needed. 18. 误：One or two books is enough. 19. 误：The blind is taken good care of here. 误：The beautiful live forever. 20. 误：Every means have been tried. 误

23、：His works has been translated into many languages. 21. 误：A lot of paper is published in that city. 22. 误：News come that students must be taught in German. 误：One quarter of the population of the States is black. 误：Four million tons of coal was supplied last year. 23. 误：Maths are important. 24. 误：Tho

24、se sheep is Johns. 25. 误：Seven days there seem like a long time. 26. 误：About one third of the stories is worth reading. 27. 误：One and a half banana is left on the ground. 28. 误：He is the one of the students who study hard in his class. 29. 误：Its I who is a driver. 30. 误：East of the lake lies two vil

25、lages. 答案：1. 误：Not only the officials but also the emperor were stupid. 正：Not only the officials but also the emperor was stupid. 误：Either you or I are wrong. 正：Either you or I am wrong. 析：由or, nor, not but, either or, neither nor, not only but also等连接的两个并列主语，其谓语动词的形式适用“主谓就近一致原则”，即取决于靠近它的那个主语的人称和数。此

26、规则同样适用于“There/Here be”结构。如：Leaving or staying is up to you. Not you but he is to blame. Does either she or you go shopping?Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else knows the answer. There were two men and a dog on the island. There is a pen, two books and three rulers on the desk. 2. 误：Are either of your

27、 parents a worker?正：Is either of your parents a worker?析：当主语为不定代词each, either, every, neither, nobody等时，谓语动词一般采用单数形式。如：Each of them has an apple. Neither of you is permitted to come here. Nobody, not even the leaders, was listening attentively. 当主语为不定代词one, the other, another, anybody, anyone, every

28、body, everyone, no one, somebody, someone, anything, everything, nothing, something等时，谓语动词必须采用单数形式。如：Someone wants to see you. I tried everything but nothing works. Has anyone got anything to say?3. 误：They each raises a question. 正：They each raise a question. 析：each置于作主语的复数名词或复数代词之后时，仅充当同位语。这时，谓语动词仍

29、采用复数形式。试比较：They each have won a prize. Each of them has won a prize. 4. 误：All but one was absent today. 正：All but one were absent today. 误：Twenty of the students in our class are girl, and the rest is boys. 正：Twenty of the students in our class are girls, and the rest are boys. 析：all, any, a lot of/

30、lots of, half of, more, most of, percent of, part of, plenty（of）, some（of）, the last, the rest（of）等作主语时，其谓语动词的形式取决于主语的单复数含义，即如果主语所指为复数意义，后面应跟复数谓语；如果所指的是不可数或者单数含义，则跟单数谓语。如：All are ready to leave. （all指人，相当于all the people）All is ready for the coming procession. （all指抽象概念，此处相当于everything）Most of the st

31、udents are 16 years old. Most of her money is spent on clothes. Half of the work had been done. The rest was to be finished in an hour. none of短语作主语，通常也适用上述规则。则：None of the materials are conductors. None of the food is for us. 但是，请注意下列例句：None of them is a good swimmer. None of them is/are lazy. 5. 误

32、：Each boy and each girl were holding a flag. 正：Each boy and each girl was holding a flag. 析：单数可数名词作并列主语，被each, every或no修饰时，谓语动词仍用单数。如：Every man and（every） woman has equal right in vote（投票）. No student and （no） teacher comes here on Sundays. 6. 误：The leader and doctor were writing a letter. 正：The lea

33、der and doctor was writing a letter. 析：并列主语指同一个人或物，或者作为整体看待时，后跟谓语动词的单数形式。试比较：The soldier and writer has gone to the front. （士兵兼作家）The soldier and the writer have gone to the front. （士兵和作家）7. 误：The first and the last composition was well written. 正：The first and the last composition were well written

34、. 析：单数可数名词作主语，且被and连接的两个并列成份所修饰时，谓语动词用复数。该句可看作在first之后省略了composition一词。如：The second and third lesson are a little more difficult to learn. 8. 误：What I say and what I think is my own affair. 正：What I say and what I think are my own affair. 析：主语是并列的两个完整的名词性从句时，谓语动词用复数。试比较： How he had come to Princeton

35、, New Jersey and why he had come here are a story of struggle, success and sadness. How and why he had come to Princeton, New Jersey is a story of struggle, success and sadness. 9. 误：Whatre that? 正：Whats that? Whatre those? 析：疑问代词what, who等作主语时，因其有含义上的单复数变化，从而决定了谓语动词具有不同的形式。如：Who is the old lady? Wh

36、o are they?10. 误：Bread and butter are better for you than cake. 正：Bread and butter is better for you than cake. 析：两个意义相关的名词构成的成对词，如：bow and arrow（弓箭）, bread and butter（涂黄油的面包）, horse and cart（马车）, knife and fork（刀叉）, needle and thread（针线）等，表示成套的工具或者一种食品，作主语时，后跟谓语动词单数。如：Where is my knife and fork?试比较

37、：Bread and milk is nice food. （一种食物）Bread and milk have gone up in price. （两种单独的食物）11. 误：Fathers and Sons are a masterpiece（名著）. 正：Fathers and Sons is a masterpiece. 析：复数名词用作专有名词充当主语时，后跟谓语动词单数。此处Fathers and Sons（父与子是一部书名）。如：The United States was founded in 1776. 12. 误：Mr Li, as well as his children,

38、 are going there by bus. 正：Mr Li, as well as his children, is going there by bus. 析：由类似并列连词的介词（组）如：besides, but, except, like, with, as much as, as well as, along with, together with, more than, no less than, rather than 等连接的名词短语作主语时，谓语动词的形式和一部分主语一致。如：No one except Jack and Mary has seen the film. T

39、he captain together with his men was worn out. 误：I, not you, are in charge of the shop. 正：I, not you, am in charge of the shop. 析：并列主语中既有肯定又有否定时，谓语动词的形式和肯定的那部分主语一致。如：The nurse ants, not the queen, care for the babies. 13. 误：Many a boys have swum in the river. 正：Many a boy has swum in the river. 析：“m

40、any a ”（很多）后须跟单数可数名词。作主语时，其谓语动词用单数。误：More than one astronaut have traveled to the moon. 正：More than one astronaut has traveled to the moon. 析：“more than one+单数可数名词”作主语，后跟谓语动词的单数形式。其中的more than意为not only。试比较：More than one person was injured in the bus accident. More persons than one were injured in t

41、he bus accident. More than two persons were injured in the bus accident. 14. 误：The number of pupils of our school are increasing rapidly. 正：The number of pupils of our school is increasing rapidly. 析：“the number of ”（的数目/量）是本句的主语。另有一短语 “a number of ”意为“许多”。试比较：A number of workers are from the south.

42、 （主语为workers）The number of workers from the north is small. （主语为the number）15. 误：Some folk is never satisfied. 正：Some folk are never satisfied. 析：集体名词cattle（牛）, folk, people（人民）, police, youth等作主语时，其后必须跟谓语动词的复数。如：Cattle are eating grass on the hillside. Police have searched the building for the man.

43、 16. 误：My family is early risers. 正：My family are early risers. 析：集合名词如：class, enemy, family, government, party, public, school, team, audience（观众）, committee（委员会）, crowd（人群）等作主语时，如果作为整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式；如果作为个体看待（即涉及到内部成员时），谓语动词则用复数形式。如：My family lives at No. 166 Park Street. The public is made up of you

44、 and me. Our football team have arrived. Out football team plays well. 17. 误：Another pair of glasses are needed. 正：Another pair of glasses is needed. 析：bellows（风箱）, glasses, pants（内裤）, shoes, shorts（短裤）, trousers等二合一复数名词以及clothes作主语时，要求后跟谓语动词复数形式。但是当该名词带有表示数量的a pair of, a suit of等短语时，谓语动词应采用单数形式。如：T

45、he glasses are mine. A suit of clothes was sold just now. The clothes fit you well. The bellows have been repaired. This kind of bellows is very expensive. 18. 误：One or two books is enough. 正：One or two books are enough. 析：短语“one or two+复数可数名词”（少数/若干）作主语时，后跟复数谓语。但是“a +单数可数名词+ or two”作主语时，其后既可以用谓语动词复

46、数，也可以用单数谓语。如：Only a book or two is/are enough. 19. 误：The blind is taken good care of here. 正：The blind are taken good care of here. 析：指一类人时，the blind, the old, the young, the poor, the rich等具有复数含义，其后须跟谓语动词复数形式。误：The beautiful live forever. 正：The beautiful lives forever. 析：表示抽象概念的the true, the good,

47、the beautiful, the impossible, the new, the unknown等作主语时，谓语动词采用单数形式。如：The unknown has greatly drawn his attention. 20. 误：Every means have been tried. 正：Every means has been tried. 析：means（方法）形式上为复数，而含义上是单数。作主语时，谓语动词的形式根据具体情况而定。试比较：All possible means have been tried. 误：His works has been translated i

48、nto many languages. 正：His works have been translated into many languages. 析：works（著作）作主语时，要求后跟谓语动词的复数形式。其单数形式为work，如a new work of a famous writer（名作家的一部新作）。但是，works解释为“工厂”作主语时，其谓语动词既可以用复数形式，也可以用单数形式。与之类似的词还有manners（礼貌）。如：The steel works was/were closed for holidays. Where is/are your manners. 21. 误：

49、A lot of paper is published in that city. 正：A lot of papers are published in that city. 析：当paper和people分别解释为“报纸”（=newspaper）和“民族”时，是可数名词，有单复数变化。若作主语，谓语动词的形式应作相应变化。如：The two peoples have been in war for three years. 22. 误：News come that students must be taught in German. 正：News comes that students mu

50、st be taught in German. 析：news是不可数名词。如：Whats the news today?误：One quarter of the population of the States is black. 正：One quarter of the population of the States are black. 析：主语population本为不可数名词，但是在涉及其中的一部分时，后跟复数谓语。试与上句比较：Population of the States is much smaller than that of China. 误：Four million to

51、ns of coal was supplied last year. 正：Four million tons of coal were supplied last year. 析：当作主语的不可数名词前带有表示数量的复数名词短语时，常跟谓语动词的复数形式。如：Ten kilograms of rice were eaten up at one meal. 23. 误：Maths are important. 正：Maths is important析：表示学科名称的名词如maths（mathematics）, physics, politics等作主语时，谓语动词采用单数形式。24. 误：Th

52、ose sheep is Johns. 正：Those sheep are Johns. 析：单复数相同的名词如deer, fish, sheep, aircraft等作主语时，谓语动词的形式与该主语的含义一致。如：This sheep was just bought yesterday. 但是当fish用复数形式时，表示“各种各样的鱼”。如：Fishes live in the sea. 25. 误：Seven days there seem like a long time. 正：Seven days there seems like a long time. 析：当表示时间、距离、重量、

53、价值等的数量或量度复数名词短语作主语时，看作一个整体，谓语动词应采用单数形式。如：Two dollars was all she had saved. Thirty miles is as far as they can walk. A hundred pages is more than I can read within a day. 26. 误：About one third of the stories is worth reading. 正：About one third of the stories are worth reading. 析：“分数/百分数 + n. ”作主语时，谓

54、语动词的形式和主语的含义相一致。如：Two fifths of the area is covered by snow. Only 40 percent of the work has been completed. 27. 误：One and a half banana is left on the ground. 正：One and a half bananas are left on the ground. 析：“one and a half + 复数可数名词”（一个半/一半）作主语时，用复数谓语；“a + 单数可数名词 + and a half”作主语时，常使用单数谓语。如：One a

55、nd a half years have passed since I last saw her. A year and a half has passed since I last saw her. 28. 误：He is the one of the students who study hard in his class. 正：He is the one of the students who studies hard in his class. 析：定语从句前有名词短语“the（only） one + 复数名词”时，一般把the （only） one看作是先行词。上述改正后的句子，和下

56、面一句在含义上有很大的区别：He is one of the students who study hard in his class. 试比较：This is one of his novels that are kept is our library. This is the only one of his novels that is kept in our library. 29. 误：Its I who is a driver. 正：Its I who am a driver. 析：当原主语被强调句型所强调时，原谓语动词的形式不变。如：It was they that were on

57、 duty that day. 30. 误：East of the lake lies two villages. 正：East of the lake lie two villages. 析：这是一个倒装句。句中two villages作主语，副语短语east of the lake作状语。【模拟试题】一、基础过关题（自测）1. I, who_ your friend, will try my best to help you with your English. A. am B. is C. are D. be2. The rich _ not always happy. A. are B

58、. isC. has D. have3. Neither Tom nor Jack and I _ his students. A. are B. am C. is D. was4. Mary as well as her sisters _ Chinese in China. A. are studyingB. have studiedC. studies D. study5. Neither my father nor I _ at home. A. am B. isC. are D. be6. Not only my brother but also I _ good at painti

59、ng. Both of us _ good painters. ,A. are; are B. am; am C. am; are D. is; is7. Every boy and every girl _ to attend the evening party. A. wish B. wishes C. is like D. like8. Over 80 percent of the population of China _ peasants. A. was B. is C. would be D. are9. The population of China _ larger than

60、that of . any other country in the world. A. is B. are C. has D. have10. Every means _ tried but without any result. A. have been B. is to be C. are to be D. has been11. Alice, together with two boys, _ for having broken the rule. A. was punishedB. punished C. were punishedD. being punished12. The L