四川省眉山市中学英语常见构词法

1、中 学 英 语 常 见 构 词 法派生法： 由词根stems 加前缀prefixes 和后缀suffixes 构成新词；一. 前缀a- 形容词 ; 副词 ：almost, awake, aloud, alone, asleep, abroad, alive, arise, co- 共同 ：co-exist, co-operate, co-operationover- 过于 ：overcome, oversleep, overnightanti- 反, 防 ：anti-tank, anti-warre- 重复 ; 再 ： reusable, recycle, recall, rebuild, r

2、eturn, redesign, remarry, rewrite, retell, reopen super- 超级, 上层：superstar, superman, supermarket, superherotele- 远程 ：telephone, telegraph, telescope 望远镜 mis- 误：mistake, misunderstand 误会en- 使可能 ：encourage, enable 使成为可能 dis- 否认 ：disappear, disagree, disappoint, dishonest, dislike, discover, discourage

3、in-/il-/im-/ir- 不 ; 非 ： inside, impolite, impolitely, impossible, imoveable, independent, independence, irregular, irresponsible, indirect, incomplete, invisible 看不见的 ,illogical 不合规律的 , illegal 非法的 , un-/non- 不 ; 非 ： uncomfortable, uncrowed, uneasy, unexpected, unbelievable, unknown, unusual, unusua

4、lly, unuse, unuseful, unusefully, unfair, unfairness, unluck, unlucky, unluckily, unable, unhappy, unfit, non-conductor 非导体 , non-sense, 二. 名词后缀 - er 者 ：customer, leader, manager, officer, partner, ruler, stranger, climber, keeper, maker, owner, banker, reporter, teenager, winner, foreigner, thinker

5、, swimmer, traveller, worker, teacher, reader, listener, speaker, cleaner, helper, waiter, player, singer, dancer, driver, writer, runner, beginner, passenger, lover, skier, murderer, learner, printer, researcher, Londoner, New Yorker -or 器具; 者 ：actor, competitor, visitor, professor, doctor, directo

6、r, collector, instructor 教员 备注一： 通常加“-er/-or多为“男性, 加“ -ess 多为“女性waiter 男款待 , waitress 女效劳员 , actor 男演员 , actress 女演员 , lawyer 律师, lawyeress 女律师 , prince 王子, princess 公主备注二： 从主动 , 被动上来看 , 加“ -er-or为主动 , 加“ -ee 为被动examiner 主考人 , 监考员 examinee 参与考试者 , 受试人 被监考者 employer 雇主 雇佣别人 employee 雇员 被雇佣 interviewe

7、r 会见者 interviewee 被会见者 , 被拜访者- ese 地方的人 ：Chinese, Japanese-ian 熟知 的人 ; 地方的人 ：musician, magician, historian, physician, technician-ist 专业人员 ：artist, pianist, tourist, terrorist, physicist, scientist, socialist, journalist 新闻记者 , dentist, instrumentalist -ment 性 质 ; 状 态 ： government, instrument, achie

8、vement, amusement, excitement, improvement, movement, argument, development, agreement-ion ：discussion, expression, decision- dom 范畴 ：freedom, kingdom-ness 性 质 ; 状 态 ： business, happiness, shyness, illness, kindness, carelessness, sickness, fairness, unfairness, godness, hardness, forgetfulness, dar

9、kness-ship ：friendship, relationship, leadership, hardship 困苦 -tion 动 作 ; 过 程 ; 结 果 ： pollution, suggestion, invention, action, examination, graduation, pronunciation, communication, competition, conversation, satisfaction, education, organization, location, protection, relation, preparation, resolu

10、tion, collection, operation, impression-hood 关系 , 状况 ：childhood, neighborhood, brotherhood, sisterhood -th 某 种 状 况 或 性 质 ： growth, warmth, truth, death, health, length, strength-ty 性 ：safety, activity-ce 性 ：importance, difference, confidence, dependence, independence, silence, performance -boy, -gir

11、l, -man, -woman 表示人的词来构词 ：cowboy牛仔, playboy 花花公子 , salesgirl 女店员 , salesperson 推销员 , workman1 / 3 产业工人 , postman 邮递员 , workwomen 劳动妇女三. 形容词后缀-t ：important, different, confident, dependent, independent, silent-al ：international, educational, national, historical, medical, musical, professional, socia

12、l, typical, normal, personal, physical, traditional, accidental, central, environmental, general-an ：American, European, Canadian, Italian, Australian, Indian-ern ：southern, northern, eastern, western, modern-ful ：helpful, harmful, painful, thankful, peaceful, successful, truthful, awful, cheerful,

13、grateful, useful, careful, wonderful, forgetful, hopeful, colorful, beautiful-ary ：secondary, imaginary -able/ible： reasonable, horrible, believable, unbelievable, mobile, valuable, disable, available, comfortable, terrible, possible, impossible, enjoyable, moveable, imoveable, workable, countable,

14、uncountable, eatable -ish ：foolish, childish, swedish 瑞典的 , British, English-ive ：active, creative, native, expensive-y ：windy, sunny, cloudy, rainy, wealthy, dirty, sleepy, healthy, hairy, icy, noisy, foggy-less ： careless, homeless, meaningless, useless, colorless, helpless, hopeless, motherless -

15、ous ：serious, humorous, famous, dangerous, courageous, continuous -tic：scientific, fantastic -en ：wooden, fallen, golden -ing 修饰物 ：interesting, exciting, boring, tiring, surprising -ed 修饰人 ：interested, excited, bored, tired, surprised四. 动词、副词和数词后缀-fy 使 化 ：simplify, beautify, satisfy, electrify-en 使

16、变得 ：strengthen, lengthen, widen, fatten, blacken, thicken, quicken, harden, soften, weaken-ize 使 成为 ：realize 实现 , modernize, organize -ly 方式; 程度 ：freely, exactly, lastly, normally, politely, impolitely, wisely, actually, specially, especially, heavily, mostly, recently, simply, suddenly, beautifully

17、, cheaply, clearly, comfortably, finally, loudly, probably, quietly, quickly, seriously, weekly, badly, terribly, perfectly, truly, angrily, carefully, hardly, completely, slowly, kindly, nearly, really, usually, happily, easily-wards 方向 ：towards, backward, eastward, forward-teen 十 ：fourteen, fiftee

18、n, eighteen-ty 整十位数 ：twenty, forty, thirty -th 序数词 ：twelfth, fifth, eighth, ninth, twentieth五. 截短法 : 单词缩写 , 词义和词性保持不变的英语构词法称为截短法 , 主要有 截头, 去尾, 截头去尾 等形式；截头 telephone phone airplane plane去尾 mathematics maths examination exam kilogram kilolaboratorylab taxicab taxi 截 头 去 尾 influenzaflu refrigeratorfrid

19、ge prescriptionscript六. 混合法 : 英语构词仍可以将两个词混合或各取一局部紧缩而成一个新词 , 前半局部表属性 , 后半局部表主体；这样的英语构词法就是混合法；news broadcast newscast 新闻播送 television broadcasttelecast 电视播送 smoke and fog smog烟雾 photo and graphy photography 摄影,摄影术helicopter airportheliport 直 升 飞 机 场 class 班 级 +room 房间 classroom 教室 black 黑色的 +board 木板blackboard 黑板note 记录+book 簿本 notebook 笔记簿 hide 隐藏+ and 和+seek 查找 hide -and-seek 捉迷藏 forget 遗忘+ me 我+not 不 forget -me-not 勿忘 我 草Jack 男孩名 + in