北京市昌平区2018届高三英语12月月考试题

1、PAGE PAGE - 16 -北京市昌平区2018届高三英语12月月考试题（满分150分，考试时间120分钟）第I 卷第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节 （共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置，听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。What does the man want to do? A. Interview the manager. B. Apply for a job. C. Ask for directions.Wha

2、t does the mother want the boy to do? A. Read a book. B. Climb the mountain. C.Wait for her.Who broke the coffee cup? A. The man. B. The woman. C. John.Where does this conversation probably take place? A.In a bookstore. B. In a classroom. C. At home.Why is the woman not sure of finishing the report

3、today? A.She cant type fast . B. The computer may break down. C. The report is too long.第二节 （共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6和第7两个小题。What are the speakers talking about? A.Holiday

4、plans. B. European cities. C. Health problems.Where will Michelle be during the vacation？ A. In London. B. At home. C. In hospital. 听第7段材料，回答第8和第9两个小题。Whats the woman doing?A. Giving a history lesson. B. Preparing a presentation. C. Working on a problem.9. What will they talk about next?A. When Colu

5、mbus discovered America. B. What the New World stand for. C. Who was the first European to discover America.听第8段材料，回答第10至12三个小题。How long will the man be away?A. A month. B. Nearly a week. C. Three days.11. Who will take care of Roger?A. His father. B. His mother. C. The woman.12. What do we know the

6、 woman?A. She is a teacher. B. She still works. C.She likes children.听第9段材料，回答第13至16四个小题。How many people will probably go hiking?A. More than 4. B. About 5. C. More than 6.14. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Close friends. B.Boss and clerk. C. The womans colleague.15. Who w

7、ill be likely to take charge of the outdoor activity?A. Helen. B. Susan. C. John.16. What will Jane and Helen do next weekend? A.Enjoy themselves with Susan.B. Go hiking in the mountains.C. Do some holiday shopping.听第10段材料，回答第17至20四个小题。How long did Miss Brown teach the students? A. Two years. B.Thre

8、e years. C. Four years.18. How do the students like Miss Brown? A. Clever and thoughtful. B. Rude and strict. C. Kind and patient.Why do students like Miss Browns lessons? A.They are easy to follow. B. They are lively and interesting. C.She is not strict with the students.20. What do the students ow

9、e their progress to? A. Miss Browns help. B. The English exams. C. Their hard work.第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。 A Low-Cost Gifts for Mothers DayGift No. IOffer to be your mothers health friend. Promise to be there for any and all doctors visits whether a

10、 disease or a regular medical check-up. Most mothers always say no need, but another set of eyes and ears is always a good idea at a doctors visit. The best part ? This one is free.Gift No. 2Help your mother organize all of her medical records, which include the test results and medical information.

11、 Put them all in one place. Be sure to make a list of all of her medicines and what times she takes them. Having all this information in one place could end up saving your mothers life, Dr. Marie Savard said.Gift No. 3Enough sleep is connected to general health conditions. Buy your mother cotton she

12、ets and comfortable pillows to encourage better sleep, Savard said. We know that good sleep is very important to our health.Gift No. 4Some gift companies such as Presents for Purpose allow you to pay it forward this Mothers Day by picking gifts in which 10 percent of the price you pay goes to a char

13、ity (慈善机构). Gift givers can choose from a wide variety of useful but inexpensive things -many of which are green - and then choose a meaningful charity from a list. When your mother gets the gift, she will be told that she has helped the chosen charity.21.What are you advised to do for your mother a

14、t doctors visits?A. Give her gifts. B. Buy medicine. C. Be with her. D. Take notes.22.What can be a gift of organization for your mother?A. Keeping her medical information together.B. Buying all gifts for her from one company.C. Making a list of her medical check-ups.D. Storing her medicines in a sa

15、fe place.23.Buying gifts from Presents for Purpose allows mothers to_A .be well-organized B. enjoy good sleep C. give others help D. get extra support BThe baby is just one day old and has not yet left hospital.She is quiet but alert (警觉)Twenty centimeters from her face researchers have placed a whi

16、te card with two black spots on it.She stares at it carefully.A researcher removes the card and replaces it by another，this time with the spots differently spaced.As the cards change from one to the other，her gaze(凝视) starts to lose its focusuntil a third，with three black spots，is presented.Her gaze

17、 returns：she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card.Can she tell that the number two is different from three，just 24 hours after coming into the world? Or do newborns simply prefer more to fewer? The same experiment，but with three spots shown before two，shows the same return o

18、f interest when the number of spots changes.Perhaps it is just the newness? When slightly older babies were shown cards with pictures of objects (a comb，a key，an orange and so on)，changing the number of objects had an effect separate from changing the objects themselves.Could it be the pattern that

19、two things make，as opposed to three? No again.Babies paid more attention to squares moving randomly on a screen when their number changed from two to three，or three to two.The effect even crosses between senses.Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three

20、 drumbeats than when they heard just two；likewise (同样地) when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots.24.The experiment described in Paragraph 1 is related to the babys_.A. sense of hearing B. sense of sight C. sense of touch D. sense of smell25.Babies are sensitive to the change in

21、_. A. the size of cards B. the colour of pictures C. the shape of patterns D. the number of objectsWhy did the researchers test the babies with drumbeats? A. To reduce the difficulty of the experiment. B. To see how babies recognize sounds. C. To carry their experiment further. D. To keep the babies

22、 interest.Where does this text probably come from? A. Science fiction. B. Childrens literature. C. An advertisement. D. A science report. C. Kindness and violence can reproduce themselves. D. Kindness and violence can shape ones character. C A new commodity brings about a highly profitable,fast-grow

23、ing industry,urging antitrust(反垄断)regulators to step in to check those who control its flow. A century ago ,the resource in question was oil. Now similar concerns ares being raised by the giants(巨头)that deal in data, the oil of the digital age. The most valuable firms are Google,Amazon, Facebook and

24、 Microsoft. All look unstoppable.Such situations have led to calls for the tech giants to be broken up. But size alone is not a crime,The giants success has benefited consumers. Few want to live without search engines or a quick delivery, Far from charging consumers high prices, many of these servic

25、es are free (users pay, in effect, by handing over yet more data). And the appearance of new-born giants suggests that newcomers can make waves, too.But there is cause for concern. The internet has made data abundant, all-present and far more valuable, changing the nature of data and competition. Go

26、ogle initially used the data collected from users to target advertising better. But recently it has discovered that data can be turned into new services: translation and visual recognition, to be sold to other companies. Internet companies control of data gives them enormous power. So they have a “G

27、ods eye view” of activities in their own markets and beyond.This nature of data makes the antitrust measures of the past less useful. Breaking up firms like Google into five small ones would not stop remaking themselves: in time, one of them would become great again. A rethink is requiredand as a ne

28、w approach starts to become apparent, two ideas stand out.The first is that antitrust authorities need to move form. the industrial age into the 21st century. When considering a merger(兼并),for example, they have traditionally used size to determine when to step in. They now need to take into account

29、 the extent of firms data assets(资产) when assessing the impact of deals. The purchase price could also be a signal that an established company is buying a new-born threat. When this takes place, especially when a new-born company has no revenue to speak of, the regulators should raise red flags.The

30、second principle is to loosen the control that providers of on-line services have over data and give more to those who supply them.Companies could be forced to consumers what information they hold and how many money they make form. it.Governments could order the sharing of certain kinds of data, wit

31、h users consent.Restarting antitrust for the information age will not be easy But if governments dont wants a data economy by a few giants, they must act soon.28.Why is there a call to break up giants？A. They have controlled the data market B. They collect enormous private dataC. They no longer prov

32、ide free services D. They dismissed some new-born giants29.What does the technological innovation in Paragraph 3 indicate？A. Data giants technology is very expensive B. Googles idea is popular among data firmsC. Data can strengthen giants controlling position D. Data can be turned into new services

33、or products30.By paying attention to firms data assets, antitrust regulators could .A. kill a new threat B. avoid the size trapC. favour bigger firms D. charge higher prices31.What is the purpose of loosening the giants control of data？A. Big companies could relieve data security pressure. B. Govern

34、ments could relieve their financial pressure.C. Consumers could better protect their privacy. D. Small companies could get more opportunities. D Hollywoods theory that machines with evil(邪恶) minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that arti

35、ficial intelligence(AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics（控制论）, put it this way: “If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we can

36、not effectively interfere(干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire.” A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, thi

37、s quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure succ

38、ess by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard. The

39、 possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that pl

40、an seems unlikely to work: we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines. Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of sup

41、er intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teamsyet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch them of

42、f” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11, 1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these ato

43、ms is talking moonshine.” However, on September 12, 1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.32. Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may.A. run out of human control B. satisfy humans real desiresC. command armies of killer robots D. w

44、ork faster than a mathematician33. Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able to.A. prevent themselves from being destroyed B. achieve their original goals independentlyC. do anything successfully with given orders D. beat humans in internatio

45、nal chess matches34. According to some researchers, we can use firewalls to.A. help super intelligent machines work better B. be secure against evil human beingsC. keep machines from being harmed D. avoid robots affecting the world35. What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelli

46、gent machines?A. It will disappear with the development of AI. B. It will get worse with human interference.C. It will be solved but with difficulty. D. It will stay for a decade. （共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 根据短文内容， 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Evaluating Sources (来源) of health InformationMaking good c

47、hoices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation. A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of healthy information. Reasonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to fins relevant information, how to separate fact from opinions, how t

48、o recognize poor reasoning, and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources. 36 Go to the original source. Media reports often simplify the results of medical research. Find out for yourself what a study really reported, and determine whether it was based on good science. Think about t

49、he type of study. 37 Watch for misleading language. Some studies will find that a behaviour “contributes to” or is “associated with” an outcome; this does not mean that a certain course must lead to a certain result. 38 Carefully read or listen to information in order to fully understand it. Use you

50、r common sense. Ifa report seems too good to be true, probably it is. Be especially careful of information contained in advertisements. 39 Evaluate “scientific” statements carefully, and be aware of quackery(江湖骗术). 40 Friends and family members can be a great source of ideas and inspiration, but eac

51、h of us needs to find a healthy lifestyle that works for us. Developing the ability to evaluate reasonably and independently about the health problems will serve you well throughout your life.A.Make choice that are right for you.B.The goal of an ad is to sell you something.C.Be sure to work through

52、the critical questions.D.And examine the findings of the original researchE. Distinguish between research reports and public health advice.F. Be aware that information may also be incorrectly explained by an authors point of view.G. The following suggestions can help you sort through the health info

53、rmation you receive from common sources.第三部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Hannah Taylor is a schoolgirl form. Manitoba,Canada.One day, when she was five years old,she was walking with her mother in downtown Winnipeg.They saw a man 41 out of

54、a garbage can.She asked her mother why he did that and her mother said that the man was homeless and hungry.Hannah was very 42 .She couldnt understand why some people had to live their without shelter or enough food.Hannah started to think about how she could 43 ,but,of course,there is not a lot one

55、 five-year-old can do to solve(解决)the problem of homelessness.Later ,when Hannah attended school, she saw another homeless person. It was a woman, 44 an old shopping trolley(购物车)which was piled with 45 . It seemed that everything the woman owned was in them. This made Hannah very sad, and even more

56、46 to do something.She had been talking to her mother about the lives of homeless people 47 they first saw the homeless man. Her mother told her that if she did something to change the problem that made her sad, she wouldnt 48 as bad.Hannah began to speak out about the homelessness in Manitoba and t

57、hen in other provinces.She hoped to 49 her message of hope and awareness.She started the Ladybug Foundation ,an organization aiming at getting rid of homelessness. She began to 50 “Big Bosses” lunches, where she would try to persuade local business leaders to 51 to the cause.She also organized a fun

58、draising(募捐)drive in “Ladybug Jars” to collect everyones spare change during “Make Change” month. More recently, the foundation began another 52 called National Red Scarf Day a day when people donate $20 and wear red scarves in support of Canadas 53 and homeless.There is an emergency shelter in Winn

59、ipeg called “Hannahs Place”,something that Hannah is very 54 of. Hannahs Place is divided into several areas,providing shelter for people when it is so cold that 55 outdoors can mean death.In the more than five years since Hannah began her activities,she has received a lot of 56 .For example, she re

60、ceived the 2007 BRICK Award recognizing the 57 of young people to change the world. But 58 all this, Hannah still has the 59 life of a Winnipeg schoolgirl, except that she pays regular visits to homeless people.Hannah is one of many examples of young people who are making a 60 in the world.You can,t