空间探索历程讲解课件

1、空间探索历程讲解空间探索历程讲解1 . As the 40th anniversary of the moon landing approaches, we look at key events in the history of space exploration. 4 October 1957: The Soviet Union launches Sputnik 1, the first Earth-orbiting artificial satellite, igniting the space race. Sputniks radio signals continue for 22 d

2、ays until the transmitter batteries run out. It burns up on 4 January 1958 as it re-enters the Earths atmosphere1. 在纪念登月40周年之际，让我们来回顾空间探索的重要历程。1957年10月4日，前苏联发射了第一颗绕地球轨道的人造卫星I，激起了空间领域的竞争热潮。人造地球卫星的无线信号持续了22天，直到电池能量耗尽为止。在1958年1月4日，它再次回到地球的大气层时，而被燃烧。1 . As the 40th anniversary o2. 3 November 1957: The d

3、og Laika, the first living creature ever to orbit the earth, is launched aboard Sputnik II. Laika dies a few hours after launch, although this is kept secret until 2002. Instead, the Soviets claim she lived for several days2. 1957年11月3日， 苏联发射Sputnik II卫星， Laika狗也被送上了地球的轨道，发射数小后，这只狗在人造卫星Sputnik II 中死

4、去，但这则消息一直被苏联保密至2002年，当时声称它活了数天之久。2. 3 November 1957: The dog L3. 31 January 1958: The United States launches its own statellite, Explorer I. It remains in orbit for 12 years, though it stops transmitting data in May 1958. In this photo, Dr Eberhard Rees, Major General John B Medaris, German-born roc

5、ket scientist Wernher von Braun, Dr Ernst Stuhlinger, Willi Mrazek and Dr Walter Haeussermann display a full-scale model of Explorer I3. 1958年1月31日，美国发射了“人造卫星I”，虽然它在1958年5月已停止发送无线电信号，但它在轨道上运行了12年。本图中，几位宇航局的当年负责人，正展示“发现号I”的同等尺寸的模型。3. 31 January 1958: The Unite4. 12 April 1961: Major Yuri Gagarin, a S

6、oviet cosmonaut, becomes first human in outer space and the first to orbit the Earth. His craft, Vostok I, circles the Earth at 27,400 kilometres per hour in a flight lasting 108 minutes4. 1961年4月12日，苏联宇航员加加林成为人类在外层空间、地球轨道上的第一位宇航员，他乘坐的“Vostok I”以27,400公里/小时的时速围绕地球旋转，这次飞行持续108分钟。4. 12 April 1961: Maj

7、or Yuri 5. 5 May 1961: Alan Shepard becomes the first American in space, on a suborbital flight lasting just 15 minutes and 28 seconds. Twenty days after this achievement, President John F Kennedy pledges that America will send a man to moon before the end of the decade5. 1961年5月5日： Alan Shepard 成为美

8、国第一位在空间的宇航员，他在轨道上飞行了1528”。在这次载人飞行成功后的第20天，肯尼迪总统宣布，十年内，美国送宇航员登陆月球。5. 5 May 1961: Alan Shepard b6. 20 February 1962: John Glenn, aboard Friendship 7, becomes the first American to orbit the Earth. He circles the globe three times during a flight lasting 4 hours, 55 minutes, and 23 seconds1962年2月20日： J

9、ohn Glenn登上友谊号飞船7，成为美国首位在地球轨道上飞行4小时55分23秒、绕地球三圈的宇航员。6. 20 February 1962: John Gle7. 27 January 1967: The AS-204 mission, later renamed Apollo 1, is struck by tragedy when a fire breaks out during a test and training exercise on the launch pad.7. 1967年1月7日： AS-204 重新命名为Apollo 1（阿波罗I），因一次在发射垫上的测试和训练，引

10、发火灾而遭重创。7. 27 January 1967: The AS-208. .all three crew members - Virgil Grissom, Edward White and Roger Chaffee - are killed. The tragedy leads to a complete redesign of NASAs command modules, and it is nearly 21 months before the launch and completion of the next manned mission, Apollo 78. 三名宇航员牺牲

11、，这次惨剧，导致 NASA 的指挥设计模式重新更新，21个月后，Apollo 7 第二次载人成功发射升空。8. .all three crew members -9. 9 November 1967: The Saturn V rocket, which will go on to propel future Apollo spacecraft into space, has its first test flight9. 1967年11月9日：土星V火箭推进 Apollo 飞船进入外层空间，首次完成试验性飞行。9. 9 November 1967: The Satur10. 24 Decem

12、ber 1968: Astronaut William Anders takes a photograph of the Earth behind the moons horizon, during the William Anders mission, the first manned voyage to orbit the moon10. 1968年12月24日： 当William Anders 乘坐的飞船进入月球轨道时，他在月球轨道上拍摄到一张地球的照片。10. 24 December 1968: Astrona11. 16 July 1967: Apollo 11 is launche

13、d.11. 1967年7月16日， Apollo 11 发射成功。11. 16 July 1967: Apollo 11 isApollo II 登月轨道轮廓图Apollo II 登月轨道轮廓图12. 20 July 1967: Neil Amstrong and Edwin Buzz Aldrin become the first humans to walk on the moon, fulfilling JFKs goal of reaching the moon by the end of the 60s.12. 1969年7月20日， Neil Amstrong和 Edwin “Bu

14、zz” Aldrin 登上月球，人类首次在月球上漫步。于60年代末，圆满地完成了肯尼迪总统的登月目标。12. 20 July 1967: Neil Amstro Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin 宇航员在登月舱旁行走2.5小时 Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin 宇航员在登月舱旁行13. While Armstrong and Aldrin take part in Extravehicular Activities on the moons surface, fellow astronaut Michael Collins orbits above13. 当 Armstrong 和

15、 Aldrin 在月球表面进行飞船外活动时， Michael Collins 宇航员也在轨道上飞行。13. While Armstrong and Aldri14. 11 April 1970: Apollo 13, carrying James A. Lovell, John L Jack Swigert and Fred W Haise, is launched on a planned trip to the moon. Two days into the mission, a fault in the electrical system produces an explosion in

16、 an oxygen tank, leading to a loss of electrical power and failure of both oxygen tanks.14. 1970年4月11日， James A. Lovell, John L “Jack” Swigert 和 Fred W Haise 搭载Apollo 13进入月球旅行，执行任务2天后，电子系统发生故障，引发氧气罐爆炸，电能失效，2个氧气罐都坏了。14. 11 April 1970: Apollo 13, 15. The crew manages to use the lunar module as a lifeb

17、oat and they splash back down to Earth safely15. 全体地面站工作人员，启用月光模式作为救生船，让他们安全地回到地球。15. The crew manages to use t16. 2 March 1972: An unmanned probe, Pioneer 10, is launched. It becomes the first spacecraft to travel through the asteroid belt, and the first to make direct observations of Jupiter, whic

18、h it passes in December 1973. By most definitions it is also the first craft to leave the solar system. It sends its last communication back to Earth on January 22 2003, while 7.6 billion miles from Earth16. 1972年3月2日：发射一枚无人探测器“先锋10”，宇宙飞船首次旅行到小行星体系，首次直接观察木星，时年1973年12月。用最精确的技术首次脱离太阳系，它从遥远的、离地球76亿英里外，

19、始终向地球发射信号，直至2003年1月22日才终止发射信号。16. 2 March 1972: An unmanned17. 14 May 1973: Skylab, Americas first experimental space station, is launched. It is abandoned in February 1974, and remains in Earths orbit until July 1979, when it crashes into Western Australia. However, the Soviet Union launched the fi

20、rst space station, the Salyut I, on 19 April 1971 17. 1973年5月14日：发射美国首个实验空间站Skylab ，1974年2月被抛弃，它仍保留在地球轨道上直至1979年7月，然后坠毁于西部澳大利亚 。但是苏维埃联邦于1971年4月19日发射了第一个空间站 Salyut I17. 14 May 1973: Skylab, Amer18. 15 July 1975: an American Apollo spacecraft docks with a Soviet Soyuz spacecraft. In a symbolic gesture

21、, the two mission commanders, Tom Stafford and Alexey Leonov, exchange the first international handshake in space. After 44 hours together, the two ships separate. This was the final flight of an Apollo spacecraft and the last manned space mission until.18. 1975年7月15日，美国Apollo飞船靠近苏维埃Soyuz飞船，象征性地会面，两

22、首飞船上的司令员在空间站首次举行国际性的握手。聚会44小时后，两首飞船分离。这是最后一次发射Apollo飞船，并且是最后一次发射载人的空间飞船。18. 15 July 1975: an American19. 12 April 1981: Robert L Crippen and John W Young take part in the first mission aboard NASAs space shuttle Columbia. The craft orbits the earth 37 times and lands at Edwards Air Force Base in Cal

23、ifornia on 14 April19. 1981年4月12日： Robert L Crippen 和 John W Young 参加NASA 的哥伦比亚首次空间穿梭飞船，这首飞船绕地球37次后，于4月14日着陆于美国加利弗尼亚的Edwards空军基地。19. 12 April 1981: Robert L C20. 18 June 1983: Sally Ride becomes the first American woman in space, 20 years after the first Russian woman in space, Valentina Tereshkova2

24、0. 1983年6月18日： Sally Ride 成为空间站第一位美国女宇航员，她晚于俄罗斯第一位女宇航员Valentina登上空间站 20年。20. 18 June 1983: Sally Ride 21. 28 January 1983: The first major catastrophe for NASA, as space shuttle Challenger explodes 73 seconds after take-off.21. 1983年1月28日美国宇航局NASA遭遇一次空前的大灾难，挑战者空间穿梭飞船发射73秒后而爆炸。21. 28 January 1983: Th

25、e firs22. all seven crew-members are killed, including a civilian, teacher Sharon Christa McAuliffe22. 7 名宇航员全部牺牲，包括一位女教师Sharon Christa McAuliffe在内。22. all seven crew-members ar23. 24 April 1990: The Hubble Space Telesecope is launched. Soon after it is launched, scientists discover that the telesco

26、pes mirror has been ground incorrectly. The flaw is corrected on a shuttle mission in December 1993, with a further servicing mission in May 200923. 1990年4月24日：发射哈勃宇宙望远镜，发射后不久，科学家们发现望远镜的镜子出现差错。1993年12月发射的穿梭空间站，修理了其裂缝，2009年5月又进一步修理其裂缝。23. 24 April 1990: The Hubble24. 4 July 1997: Pathfinder, an unman

27、ned mission launched on 4 December 1996, lands on Mars. Its rover, named Sojourner, goes on to explore the surface of the planet for 80 days24. 1997年7月4日： “逗留者”无人探索器于1996年着陆于火星，探测火星表面80天。24. 4 July 1997: Pathfinder, 25. 20 November 1998: The first piece of the International Space Station is launched

28、. It is scheduled to be complete by 201125. 1998年11月20日，发射第一个国际空间站，预计2011年使其完善。25. 20 November 1998: The fir26. 2 November 2000: The International Space Station receives its first resident crew: astronaut Bill Shepherd and cosmonauts Yuri Gidzenko and Sergei Krikalev. They spend four months on board

29、. The space station has been constantly staffed ever since, providing a permanent human presence in space26. 2000年11月2日：国际空间站迎来了第一批居住者：Bill Shepherd 、 Cosmonauts Yuri Gidzenko 和 Sergei Krikalev， 他们在空间站已历时4个月，空间站不断更换人员，为人类不断地参与进来，提供了条件。26. 2 November 2000: The Inte27. 28 April 2001: Dennis Tito, an A

30、merican multimillionaire, becomes the first space tourist, spending 7 days, 22 hours, 4 minutes in space and orbiting Earth 128 times27. 2001年4月28日：一位美国大富豪 Dennis Tito 成为第一位空间旅行者，他在空间站旅行7天22小时零4分，在地球轨道上绕行128次。27. 28 April 2001: Dennis Tito28. 1 February 2003: Space Shuttle Columbia disintegrates upo

31、n re-entering the Earths atmosphere after 16 days in space. All seven crew-members are killed28. 2003年2月1日：哥伦比亚穿梭空间站进入空间站16天后，当它接近地球大气层时，发生崩溃。 7名宇航员全部遇难。28. 1 February 2003: Space Shu29. 2 June 2003: Beagle 2, a British landing spacecraft that forms part of the European Space Agencys 2003 Mars Express mission, is