母猪微量元素的应用实践课件

1、母猪微量元素的应用实践母猪微量元素的应用实践母猪微量元素缺乏问题母猪微量元素缺乏会导致肢蹄病的发生率和淘汰率增高母猪微量元素缺乏问题母猪微量元素缺乏会导致肢蹄病的发生率和淘母猪微量元素缺乏导致的皮肤角质化母猪微量元素缺乏导致的皮肤角质化Joint Samples from Experimental Farms Joint Samples from Experimenta骨软化症Jubb, Kennedy, and Palmer, 1993. Pathology of Domestic Animals.骨软化症Jubb, Kennedy, and Palmer,猪骨软化症与软骨生长板异常有关正常

2、生长板骨软化症生长板Jubb, Kennedy, and Palmer, 1993. Pathology of Domestic Animals.猪骨软化症与软骨生长板异常有关正常生长板骨软化症生长板JubAgenda 母猪微量元素缺乏的表现妊娠期胚胎对微量元素的需求母猪微量元素需求和利用率的矛盾螯合有机微量元素在母猪中的应用Agenda 母猪微量元素缺乏的表现Days of Gestation FeTrace mineral deposition in Fetus mg Adapted from Ma, 2011矿物质在胚胎的沉积妊娠天数铁和锌Days of Gestation FeTrac

3、e mineDays of Gestation Trace mineral deposition in Fetus mg Adapted from Ma, 2011矿物质在胚胎的沉积锰,毫克妊娠天数Days of Gestation Trace mineraDays of Gestation Trace mineral deposition in Fetus g Adapted from Ma, 2011矿物质在胚胎的沉积硒,微克妊娠天数Days of Gestation Trace mineraDays of Gestation Trace mineral deposition in Fet

4、us mg Adapted from Ma, 2011铜,毫克矿物质在胚胎的沉积妊娠天数Days of Gestation Trace mineraTM in whole litter during gestation Adapted from Ma, 2011Day of gestation 妊娠天数43587391101108115Cu, mg3.0310.1715.2419.4533.1441.0755.35Fe, mg6.1233.9121.6285.1394.9609.4705.9Mn, mg0.050.561.683.864.696.457.48Zn, mg3.4423.057.8

5、117.6178.4241.3281.7Se, mg0.020.140.420.901.442.132.49微量元素在妊娠期中沉积的总量TM in whole litter during gestTrace minerals change in maternal liver Day of gestation Elements43587391101108OpenP-value*Cu, mg72.6114.390.760.461.988.466.0 0.03CFe, mg333326321305339313475 0.69Mn, mg3.033.083.212.913.102.912.90 0.5

6、1Zn, mg134114143100135138172 0.48Se, mg 1.291.241.251.261.351.301.25 0.55*Note: L: linear response, Q: quadratic response, C: cubic response Mineral analyzed by ICP-MS 妊娠期间微量元素在母体肝脏中的变化妊娠天数Trace minerals change in materAgenda 母猪微量元素缺乏的表现妊娠期胚胎对微量元素的需求母猪微量元素需求和利用率的矛盾螯合有机微量元素在母猪中的应用Agenda 母猪微量元素缺乏的表现母猪

7、为什么容易出现微量元素缺乏？首先说明是高产母猪母猪在胎儿发育和泌乳过程中动用了自身的微量元素妊娠母猪日粮是高纤维和高植酸磷，影响微量元素吸收随着母猪胎龄的增加 体重增大，维持需要也增大母猪为什么容易出现微量元素缺乏？首先说明是高产母猪矿物质 Mineral泌乳需求 Milk demand1摄入Intake2需要的利用效率Required efficiency3(g or mg/day)(g or mg/day)(%)铜 Copper (mg)1826.368铁 Iron (mg)274206锰 Manganese (mg)11051硒Selenium (mg)0.30.837锌 Zinc (m

8、g)70263271 Calculated assuming an average milk production of 10 kg/day and with average milk mineral concentrations derived from Park et al. (1994), and Mahan (2000). 2 Assuming a daily feed intake of 5.25 kg (NRC, 1998).3 Minimum dietary mineral utilization efficiency required for milk production.泌

9、乳母猪微量矿物质日摄入和需求计算值Calculated daily mineral intakes and demands for lactating sows (Cont.)(Richards and Close, 2001)16矿物质 Mineral泌乳需求 摄入需要的利用效率Requi后备母猪和繁殖母猪血清和肝脏中锌，铁和铜浓度的比较A comparison of concentrations of zinc, iron & copper in serum and liver from gilts and sows(Richards and Close, 2001)17后备母猪和繁殖母猪

10、血清和肝脏中锌，(Richards and(%)第三胎次母猪 VS 非妊娠母猪，同年龄 3rd Litter Sows compared to Non-Gravid, Same Age繁殖母猪渐进式脱矿变化Progressive demineralization of reproducing sows % change(Mahan and Newton, 1995. as adapted from Boyd, 2004)18(%)第三胎次母猪 VS 非妊娠母猪，同年龄 3rd Li妊娠和泌乳母猪微量矿物质需求的变化Trace Mineral Changes for Gestating and

11、Lactating Sows19妊娠和泌乳母猪微量矿物质需求的变化Trace Mine妊娠和泌乳母猪微量矿物质需求的变化 Trace Mineral Changes for Gestating and Lactating Sows 20铜 Copper (Cu) in NRC (1998)妊娠期Gestation泌乳期LactationRequirements铜 Copper (mg)5.05.0妊娠期Gestation泌乳期LactationRequirements铜 Copper (mg)10.020.0铜 Copper (Cu) in NRC (2012)妊娠和泌乳母猪微量矿物质需求的变

12、化 Trace Min21锰 Manganese (Mn) in NRC (1998)妊娠期Gestation泌乳期LactationRequirements锰 Manganese (mg)20.020.0妊娠期Gestation泌乳期LactationRequirements锰Manganese (mg)25.025.0锰 Manganese (Mn) in NRC (2012) Trace Mineral Changes for Gestating and Lactating Sows 23锰 Manganese (Mn)妊娠期Gestation22锌 Zinc (Zn) in NRC (

13、1998)妊娠期Gestation泌乳期LactationRequirements锌 Zinc (mg)50.050.0妊娠期Gestation泌乳期LactationRequirements锌 Zinc (mg)100.0100.0锌 Zinc (Zn) in NRC (2012)妊娠和泌乳母猪微量矿物质需求的变化 Trace Mineral Changes for Gestating and Lactating Sows 24锌 Zinc (Zn)妊娠期Gestation泌乳期La中国母猪微量矿物质需求Sow Mineral Requirement in ChinaChinaNRC 201

14、2NRC 1998妊娠期Gestation泌乳期Lactation妊娠期Gestation泌乳期Lactation妊娠期Gestation泌乳期Lactation铜Copper, ppm5.05.010205.05.0(35)(35)铁Iron, ppm758080808080(750)(750)锰Manganese, ppm1820.525252020(150)(150)锌 Zinc, ppm45511001005050(150)(150)硒 Selenium, ppm0.140.150.150.150.150.15(0.5)(0.5)()上限( ) upper limitation23中国

15、母猪微量矿物质需求ChinaNRC 2012NRC 19An attempt to address the needs of sows in a commercial operation with higher vitamins and trace minerals商业母猪使用高水平维生素和微量元素的尝试An attempt to address the nee2002 data (25,571 Litters)Age related reduction of litter-size in parity 4 to 11 sows第4-第11胎母猪与年龄相关的下降趋势(Adapted from

16、Boyd, 2004)2002 data (25,571 Litters)Age (Adapted from Boyd, 2004)Age related death loss in sows与母猪年龄相关的死亡损失(Adapted from Boyd, 2004)Age rCalculated by Boyd and Fakler from 2002 PIC USA ADFI.(Adapted from Boyd, 2004)Example of declining vitamin-TM intake with advancing reproductive age高产期母猪维生素-微量元素摄

17、入量下降 Calculated by Boyd and Fakler Response to micro-nutrient equalization微量营养素平衡效应(Adapted from Boyd, 2004)Response to micro-nutrient equ(Adapted from Boyd, 2004)Response to micro-nutrient equalization微量营养素平衡效应(Adapted from Boyd, 2004)Respo9.38.71.44 PSY weaned(Adapted from Boyd, 2004)Average litte

18、r-size response to corrected micro-nutrient intake窝产仔数与校正微量营养素摄入的关系9.38.71.44 PSY weaned(AdaptedConclusions: 结论 Sow micronutrient needs should be altered to account for increasing sow weight with advancing age.母猪的微量营养素的需求应随着高产期母猪体重的增长相应改变Conclusions: 结论Agenda 母猪微量元素缺乏的表现妊娠期胚胎对微量元素的需求母猪微量元素需求和利用率的矛盾螯

19、合有机微量元素在母猪中的应用Agenda 母猪微量元素缺乏的表现试验2：高量钙磷Trial 2: Elevated Ca & P试验1：正常钙磷Trial 1: Normal Ca & PSupplemental Zn Intake (mg)MINTREXZnSO4斜率比RBV = 248%Supplemental Zn Intake (mg)MINTREXZnSO4斜率比RBV = 426%螯合微量元素在有干扰的状况下有更高的生物学利用率MT mRNAMT mRNAY = 1.82 + 0.92X1 + 2.28X2Y = 0.41 + 0.922X1 + 3.925X2m1 vs. m2:

20、 P = 0.009m1 vs m2: P = 0.004锌的摄入量，mgSupplemental zinc intake, mg锌的摄入量，mgSupplemental zinc intake, mg试验2：高量钙磷试验1：正常钙磷Supplemental Z各种锌源的生物利用率各种锌源的生物利用率母猪微量元素的研究难度很大每十年关于猪繁殖性能的参考文献Swine Reproductive Citations by Decade 40s50s/60s70s80s90s铜 Copper-112碘 Iodine-铁 Iron-533-锰 Manganese-3121锌 Zinc-312-硒 Se

21、lenium-1923母猪微量元素的研究难度很大 40s50s/60s70Benefits of Mintrex CuBetter bioavailabilityLess reactive (less oxidation)Better antibacterial function on lumenBetter performance and profits明微矿改善母猪繁殖性能Mintrex improve sow reproduction and welfareBenefits of Mintrex CuBetter b母猪试验：材料 与方法两个姊妹猪场，各饲养6400头PIC母猪相同的生产

22、经理、相同饲料厂及日粮，小母猪来源于同一种猪场共16,000头母猪，最高产胎数到7胎两个处理，ITM（无机微量）对照 vs. 明微矿 两处理相同的矿物水平矿物添加水平: Cu 16.5ppm, Zn 165ppm, Mn 38.6ppm (NRC: Cu 5ppm, Zn, 50ppm, Mn, 20ppm)明微矿处理组 明微矿:无机微量为50:50 试验期：2007年4月-2010年4月母猪试验：材料 与方法两个姊妹猪场，各饲养6400头PIC母改善受胎率受胎率明微矿对照组P value总受胎率86.884.50.0011胎86.483.60.0012胎84.983.90.173胎87.78

23、5.80.014胎88.985.40.001羟基蛋氨酸螯合矿物质的总产子数、活仔数及总断奶仔猪数都更多。仔猪初生重也显著提高。改善受胎率受胎率明微矿对照组P value总受胎率86.8提高母猪产仔数*提高母猪产仔数*改善母猪的累积繁殖性能(统计前4胎)指标明微矿对照组差异SEMP总产仔数44.1040.763.321.230.02活仔数41.6138.892.711.220.04木乃伊0.690.670.020.020.47死胎1.801.210.600.03.001总断奶数36.3934.641.730.900.07改善母猪的累积繁殖性能(统计前4胎)指标明微矿对照组差异提高仔猪出生重分组窝

24、数仔猪出生重(kg)窝仔数平均值标准误平均值对照组1261.250.0212.94明微矿组1351.360.0213.02P-value(2 tail test)0.0010.450.84提高仔猪出生重分组窝数仔猪窝仔数平均值标准误平均值对照组12断奶小猪生长性能提升(d0-42)P0.01No difference on FCR, P=0.89断奶小猪生长性能提升(d0-42)P0.01No dif对支原体免疫反应速度更快aabb明微矿处理组：明微矿 Zn/Cu/Mn 替代一半ITMs抗体滴度低于2.8则被认为是阴性对支原体免疫反应速度更快aabb明微矿处理组：明微矿 Z降低母猪腿病发生率淘汰率(%)P-value明微矿组对照组腿病10.4316.110.001降低母猪腿病发生率淘汰率(%)P-value明微矿组对照组腿降低母猪的淘汰率存留率(%)P-value明微矿组对照组1-2 胎89.9688.680.061-3 胎82.2277.680.01