高中英语选择性必修二 01 Unit 1 Section A Reading and Thinking-2020-2021学年课时同步练（解析版）

1、Unit 1 Science and scientists1.1 Reading and ThinkingI.阅读理解1If you are a recent social science graduate who has had to listen to jokes about unemployment from your computer major classmates, you may have had the last laugh. There are many advantages for the social science major because this high-tec

2、h “Information Age” demands people who are flexible and who have good communication skills.There are many social science majors in large companies who fill important positions. For example, a number of research studies found that social science majors had achieved greater managerial success than tho

3、se who had technical training or pre-professional courses. Studies show that social science majors are most suited for change, which is the leading feature (特点) of the kind of high speed, high-pressure, high-tech world we now live in.Social science majors are not only experiencing success in their l

4、ong-term company jobs, but they are also finding jobs more easily. A study showed that many companies had filled a large percentage of their entry-level positions with social science graduates. The study also showed that the most sought-after quality in a person who was looking for a job was communi

5、cation skills, noted as “very important” by 92 percent of the companies. Social science majors have these skills, often without knowing how important they are. It is probably due to these skills that they have been offered a wide variety of positions.Finally, although some social science majors may

6、still find it more difficult than their technically trained classmates to land the first job, recent graduates report that they dont regret their choice of study.1. By saying that “you may have had the last laugh” in the first paragraph, the author means that you may have _.A. earned as much as comp

7、uter majorsB. stopped joking about computer majorsC. shared the jokes with computer majorsD. found jobs more easily than computer majors2. Compared with graduates of other subjects, social science graduates _.A. are likely to give others pressureB. are equally good at computer skillsC. are better ab

8、le to deal with difficultiesD. are ready to change when situations change3. Which of the following is true about the communication skill?A. Social science majors do not know they have had these skills.B. Many companies prefer to employ those with good communication skills.C. These skills have been c

9、onsidered very important by social science majors.D. Computer majors have been offered a wide variety of positions because of these skills.4. According to the text, what has made it easy for social science graduates to find jobs?A. Part-time work experience.B. Skills in expressing themselves.C. Will

10、ingness to take low-paid jobs.D. Readiness to gain high-tech knowledge.5. The underlined word “land” in the last paragraph probably means _.A. successfully getB. lose regretfullyC. immediately startD. keep for some time【答案】1. D2. D3. B4. B5. A【解析】(略）2 Jaye Gardiner loves comic books and she also lov

11、es science. Sensing an opportunity, she decided to combine the two.In 2015, she and her two friends, Khoa Tran and Kelly Montgomery, founded an online publishing company called JKX Comics. They decided to use a cartoon format and light humor to explain science to students. Their first comic book cam

12、e out in 2016.In the book, a virus goes out with friends to a human cell. The colorful visuals help illustrate the science, explains Tran. Through comics, his JKX coworkers hope to inspire the next generation to pursue STEM. STEM is short for science, technology, engineering and math.A lot of resear

13、ch has suggested that comic books can introduce a variety of people to science subjects. Comics can also make information more accessible. Text, pictures and stories can help people understand scientific ideas more easily.Their latest comic is called “ Gilberts Glitch Switch. “ It is about a biochem

14、ist named Gilbert who gets sucked into a video game. Gilbert uses amino acids to get proteins to communicate with each other. Proteins are an essential part of all living organisms. They form the basis of living cells, muscle and tissues；they also do the work inside of cells.By understanding how pro

15、teins communicate, scientists can learn how to modify them to interact better. Certain diseases develop when proteins communicate incorrectly. Alzheimers, a disorder that causes brain cells to die，is one example-Translating a complex science topic into a comic can be challenging. The creators have t

16、o not only be accurate but also tell a story that interests readers. The authors hope to spark readers curiosity.Theres a lot of misinformation circulating around the internet. Some of it “scares people away from science, Montgomery says. The goal of the new comics is to limit some of those misunder

17、standings”.he adds.6. What caused Jaye Gardiner and her friends to create JKX Comics?A. Their love of comics and the difficulty of explaining science to students.B. The opportunity to earn a great deal of money while being creating.C. Their love of comics and the lack of good visual science resource

18、s.D. The opportunity to obtain better jobs after graduating from college.7. What is the paragraph 4 mainly about?A. Why science is hard.B. The advantages of comics.C. The purpose of JKX Comics.D. The people who began JKX Comics.8. Why did the author include the information about “Gilberts Glitch Swi

19、tch”？A. To describe JKX Comics most popular comic to date.B. To illustrate that science can help stop illness and diseases.C. To show how important amino acids and proteins are in biochemistry.D. To provide an example of how comics can convey scientific information.9. What can be the best title for

20、this passage?A. Comics are Designed to Teach Children about ScienceB. Errors in Protein Communication Cause Certain DiseasesC. The Science Topics are being Explored by JKX ComicsD. Jaye Gardiner and Her Friends who Began JKX Comics【答案】6. A7. B8. D9. A【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述Jaye Gardiner 和两个朋友组队用讲故事和漫画的方

21、式来教授学生艰涩的科学话题。6. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Jaye Gardiner loves comic books and she also loves science.( Jaye Gardiner喜欢漫画书，她也喜欢科学。)”和第二段“They decided to use a cartoon format and light humor to explain science to students.(他们决定以 漫画的形式和轻松的幽默向学生解释科学。)”可知，促使Jaye Gardiner和她的朋友们创作了JKX漫画是因为他们对漫画的热爱和向学生解释科学的困难。故选A。7. 主

22、旨大意题。根据文章第四段“A lot of research has suggested that comic books can introduce a variety of people to science subjects. Comics can also make information more accessible. Text, pictures and stories can help people understand scientific ideas more easily.(许多研究表明，漫画书可以向不同的人介绍科学知识。漫画还可以使信息更容易获得。文字、图片和故事可以帮

23、助人们更容易地理解科学思想)”可知，本段主要介绍了用漫画来介绍科学的优点。故选B。8. 推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Gilbert uses amino acids to get proteins to communicate with each other.Proteins are an essential part of all living organisms. They form the basis of living cells, muscle and tissues；they also do the work inside of cells.(吉尔伯特利用氨基酸使蛋白质相互交流。蛋

24、白质是所有生物的重要组成部分。它们构成活细胞、肌肉和组织的基础；它们也在细胞内部工作。)”可知，作者举例关于吉尔伯特的故障开关这本漫画书中的信息，是为了说明漫画如何传达科学信息。故选D。9. 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Jaye Gardiner loves comic books and she also loves science. Sensing an opportunity, she decided to combine the two.”及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍Jaye Gardiner 和两个朋友组队用讲故事和漫画的方式来教授学生晦涩难懂的科学话题。所以“Comics are

25、Designed to Teach Children about Science”作为文章的标题最为合适。故选A。3We have a real crisis in this country in the basic understanding of science. It affects our global competitiveness as a country, our national security, and the effectiveness of our social system. The misunderstanding about science is blinding

26、 our eyes.We know that an awful lot of teachers who are teaching science today have not been properly empowered to do so. School frequently isnt testing whether you understand something but whether youre familiar with it. Whats Newtons second law? You say F=ma, and you get an A. That does not reflec

27、t a deep understanding of Newtonian mechanics. Science education is not just a body of facts; its a process. To present it with appeal and excitement you need to picture it as a detective storyasking questions, making observations, and collecting evidence. You test and you fail but, you know, failur

28、e can lead to discovery.Another challenge we face is that science is often viewed as too hard, for experts only. But I dont actually think its that difficult. People see science every day. They look outside and see weather and nature. They push a button in their house and the lights go on. Everybody

29、s dealing with science every day. They just dont call it that. And its important they do. In fact, science is determining the quality and outcomes of their life.Science needs creativity. And one of the best ways to be creative is to think “out of the box”. However, we need more courage when we come

30、to practice. Take me for example. Very early in my teens I decided to educate myself. I realized I would never be a very good student because I didnt like teachers judging me by what I thought were arbitrary (主观臆断的) standards. I decided Id let the world judge me by whether I could do something of va

31、luesolve a problem or build something. Thats why I quit school early and risked everything to start a company. I risked everything I had because I had nothing to lose. Id rather fail at trying to do something really big than succeed at being medium.“Whens the right age to think creatively?” you may

32、ask. Id say in the womb (母腹)! Kids dont have anxieties about trying to avoid failure. They are full of imagination and much more willing to fail. Just watch a 3-year-old. They touch everything, and if it hurts they dont touch it again. They learn everything at a breathtaking rate. Start to think out

33、 of the box as early as you can, because its more likely to take you to places that you cant predict, schedule and budget for. Do all that when you can bear the insecurity.10. According to the passage, science teachers should _.A. train students memory for right factsB. focus more on the learning pr

34、ocessC. present interesting detective storiesD. abandon frequent science examinations11. Paragraph 3 indicates that _.A. science is intended for experts onlyB. its important to see weather and natureC. people can determine the quality of lifeD. we should realize science is around us12. The author ta

35、kes his own example to say _.A. school education may do little good to studentsB. teachers sometimes judge their students unfairlyC. people need to take an unusual path to be creativeD. failure at a big thing is better than a small success13. Whats the tone of the passage?A. Questioning.B. Encouragi

36、ng.C. Praising.D. Complaining.【答案】10. B11. D12. C13. B【分析】这是一篇议论文，通过论述和举例告诉我们要在生活中接近科学，感受科学，富有创新精神。10. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“We know that an awful lot of teachers who are teaching science today have not been properly empowered to do so. School frequently isnt testing whether you understand something but whe

37、ther youre familiar with it.”（我们知道，现在很多教授科学的老师并没有被适当地授权这样做。学校经常测试的不是你是否理解某件事，而是你是否熟悉它。）以及“Science education is not just a body of facts; its a process.”（科学教育不是一堆事实，而是一个过程）可知，科学课的老师要关注的是学习过程而不是只是堆砌一堆事实。故选B项。11. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“People see science every day.”（我们每天都能看到科学）以及“Everybodys dealing with science

38、 every day.”（每个人每天都在和科学打交道）可知，科学其实就在我们周围。故选D项。12. 推理判断题。在第四段中作者以自己为例之前，他认为，“Science needs creativity. And one of the best ways to be creative is to think “out of the box”. However, we need more courage when we come to practice”（科学需要创造力。要想有创造力，最好的方法之一就是“跳出框框”去思考。然而，当我们开始练习时，我们需要更多的勇气）。在提出论点后，作者以自己为例作

39、为论据。就是为了充分说明人们需要走一条不寻常的路才能有创造力。故选C项。13. 推理判断题。通读全文，特别是根据最后一段“Start to think out of the box as early as you can, because its more likely to take you to places that you cant predict, schedule and budget for. Do all that when you can bear the insecurity.”（尽早开始跳出框框去思考，因为它更有可能把你带到那些你无法预测、计划和预算的地方。当你能忍受不安

40、全感的时候，就这么做吧）可知，本文通过论述和举例，告诉人们要在生活中接近科学，感受科学，富有创新精神。因此，本文的基调是“鼓励”。A.Questioning. 表示怀疑的；B. Encouraging. 鼓励的；C. Praising. 赞扬的；D.Complaining.抱怨的。故选B项。II.七选五 Learning science involves knowledge and application. During your undergraduate years, applications start in the science laboratory. 14. The followi

41、ng are ways on how to handle and clean science equipment:Glass ware（器皿）. 15. If the glass has impurities, the experiment can fail. In general, there are four ways to clean the equipment:1. Completely cleaning the glass ware using flowing tap water.2. Using the cleaner that is specifically designed f

42、or laboratory glass ware.3. Boiling water in the ware to completely remove the solutions.4. Using chemical solvent and water-based soaking solutions.Plastic ware. Since this is more sensitive than glass, mild lab cleaner is enough to clean it. 16. Wash with clean, preferably distilled water. Use hea

43、t and chemical solutions for removing difficult grease, oil and other organic matter. However, not all types of plastics can bear heat and chemical application. 17. Stainless steel lab ware. Never use hydrochloric acid on steel products. A soft and clean cloth can be used. There are also stainless s

44、teel pads that can be used. 18. Usually these steel products have visible polishing grains or lines that must be followed as directions for cleaning. Filtered water is the recommended liquid for cleaning. Some unfiltered water can contain deposit built up that can protect the equipment.A. Note that

45、each chemical is unique.B. Note that the cleaner doesnt have strong PH.C. There are instances in which water is used for the last cleaning.D. It is still best that you check cleaning instructions in the packaging.E.However, the manner of cleaning or polishing must be correctly observed.F.This type o

46、f equipment is usually used as a holder for chemicals to be tested.G.You use different science equipment to help you produce conclusions on given problems.【答案】14. G15. F16. B17. D18. E【分析】本文为应用说明文。主要叙述了如何处理和清洁不同的科学设备的方法。14. 考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据空前的内容“During your undergraduate years, applications start

47、 in the science laboratory.” “在你本科学习时，应用始于科学实验室”。及下句“以下是如何处理和清洁科学器材的方法”可知，本小题与实验设备有关。分选项可知，只有G项（使用不同的科学器材来帮助你得出给定问题的结论）是与实验器材有关。可知G项符合题意，故选G项。15. 考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据本段的小标题“Glass ware（器皿）”及下面的介绍的四种都是如何清洗器皿的方法可知，器皿就是来装用于实验的化学物质的，符合语境，即“a holder for chemicals to be tested.” ，故F项符合题意。16. 考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能

48、力。分析本空后的内容可知，本段的大意是叙述清洁容器的。分析选项可知B项符合题意，且cleaner在本段复现。放入句子，意思相符，故选B项。17. 考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据上一句“However, not all types of plastics can bear heat and chemical application” 并非所有类型的塑料都能承受热和化学应用，以及下面的各种清洁方法可知，不同的实验器皿清洁方法不同，所以最好还是根据清洁说明操作。分析选项可知D项（最好还是检查包装中的清洁说明），符合题意，因此D项符合题意。18. 考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据本题后的

49、内容“Usually these steel products have visible polishing grains or lines that must be followed as directions for cleaning.”句意为“通常这些钢产品具有可见的抛光颗粒或线条，必须遵循清洗方向。”由此可推断出这些实验器材必须正确的清洁方法。分析选项可知E项与本段不仅有词cleaning 和 polishing的复现，且意思也一致，因此选E项。III.完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D） 中，选出可以填入的最佳选项。It has been about f

50、orty years since the invention of post-it notes (便利贴). These sticky notes, as people often_ them, can be used to mark a _ in a book. They can be used to 19 a note to a report turned in to a teacher. They can even be used to post a reminder note in a place where it will be . Many people question how

51、they were invented. The is surprising because the discovery was actually a(n) .In 1968, Spencer Silver was working with different types of adhesives (胶). He was trying to develop new for a company that created and sold clear tape. One particular adhesive just would not for long periods of time, it c

52、ould be peeled off easily. He passed the around the company to see if anyone could find a(n) for it. Nobody could imagine a way to use an adhesive that did not stick to a permanently.Six years later, Art Fry, another scientist with the same company, became frustrated while _ with his choir (唱诗班). Th

53、e piece of paper he used to mark his place on his music kept . Fry wished he had something that would make the paper stay in place. , he remembered the 20 adhesive Dr. Silver had passed around. Fry wondered, “Would it be possible to use the adhesive?”It turned out to be quite ! Applying the adhesive

54、 to the back of a piece of paper made the paper stick wherever it was placed. , it didnt stick permanently. The paper could be easily . Thus, the sticky note was born.19. A. make B. suspect C. prove D. call20. A. secret B. character C. place D. plot21. A. lift B. attach C. introduce D. carry22. A. f

55、illed B. caught C. noticed D. repaired23. A. answer B. evidence C. result D. method24. A. mistake B. accident C. difficulty D. assumption25. A. scientist B. manager C. reporter D. businessman26. A. customers B. habits C. plans D. products27. A. wait B. exist C. stick D. behave28. A. if B. though C.

56、as D. so29. A. tool B. invention C. tape D. equipment30. A. use B. explanation C. cover D. name31. A. book B. surface C. door D. company32. A. competing B. traveling C. singing D. standing33. A. coming back B. falling out C. breaking down D. rolling up34. A. Surely B. Naturally C. Frequently D. Sudd

57、enly35. A. unusual B. hard C. cheap D. effective36. A. possible B. horrible C. funny D. quick37. A. Again B. Later C. However D. Besides38. A. returned B. found C. read D. removed【答案】19. D20. C21. B22. C23. A24. B25. A26. D27. C28. D29. B30. A31. B32. C33. B34. D35. A36. A37. C38. D【解析】试题分析：本文讲述的是便利

58、贴的发明过程。19. D考查动词辨析A. make制作；B. suspect怀疑；C. prove 证明；D. call叫作；句意：这些便利贴，正如人们所叫的，能用来在书上做一些标记。根据语境可知选D项。20. C考查名词辨析A. secret秘密；B. character角色；C. place地方；D. plot地基；句意：这些便利贴，正如人们所叫的，能用来在书上做一些标记。根据语境可知选C项。21. B考查动词辨析A. lift举起；B. attach附；C. introduce介绍；D. carry携带；句意：他们能用来附张纸条在一个报告上，交给老师。Attach sth to 把。附在

59、。上，故选B项。22. C考查动词辨析A. filled充满；B. caught抓住；C. noticed注意；D. repaired修理；句意：他们用来做为提醒引起人们的注意。根据语境可知选C项。23. A考查名词辨析A. answer答案；B. evidence证据；C. result结果；D. method方法；句意：因为这个发明是一次事故所以答案是令人吃惊的。根据Many people question how they were invented许多人对于如何发明的有问题的，故选A项。24. B考查名词辨析A. mistake错误 ；B. accident事故；C. difficul

60、ty困难；D. assumption假设；句意：因为这个发明是一次事故所以答案是令人吃惊的，故选B项。25. A考查名词辨析A. scientist科学家；B. manager经理；C. reporter 记者；D. businessman商人；句意：在1968年科学家Spencer Silver正在研制一些不同类型的胶。根据语境可知选A项。26. D考查名词辨析A. customers顾客；B. habits习惯；C. plans 计划；D. products产品；句意：他正在为公司研究一种新的产品 ，根据语境可知选D项。27. C考查动词辨析A. wait等待；B. exist存在；C.