独立主格结构 完整版课件

1、独立主格结构 Absolute Structure 独立主格结构有两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词)或形容词、副词、或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做状语，多用于书面语中。 独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随等。1表示时间：1) Spring coming on, the trees turned green.2) Our work having been finished, we went home.3) The signal given, the bus started.4) The

2、meeting (being) over, we left the room.独立主格结构的功能 独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中，其作用相当于一个状语从句，常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。 2表示原因： It being Sunday, the library was closed. There being no means of transportation, he had to walk home at midnight. The key having been lost, she could not enter the room. 3表示条件： Everything

3、taken into consideration, the plan seems to be more practical. Weather permitting, they will start at six tomorrow morning.4表示伴随情况或补充说明： Last night I followed him here, and climbed in, sword in hand. The children were making a snowman, hands red with the cold. I have bought a new coat, the old one b

4、eing worn out. 常见的独立主格结构有如下几种： 名词/主格代词+现在分词。名词/主格代词与现在分词之间主谓关系。 The girl staring at him, he didnt know what to say. Time permitting, we will go for an outing tomorrow.(= As the girl stared at him)(= If time permits)2. 名词/主格代词+过去分词。名词/主格代词与过去分词之间的动宾关系。 The problems solved, the quality has been improv

5、ed. Her glasses broken, she couldnt see the words on the blackboard. (= As the problems were solved)(= Because her glasses were broken)3. 名词/主格代词+不定式。名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主谓关系，且强调的是一次具体性的动作。如： The exam to be held tomorrow, I cant go to the cinema tonight. They said good-bye to each other, one to go home, t

6、he other to go to the bookstore. 4. 名词/主格代词+形容词。如： An air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive. So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off. 5. 名词/主格代词+副词。如： He put on his sweater wrong side out. The meeting over, they all went home. 6. 名词/主格代词+介词短语。如： The boy goes to the classro

7、om, book in hand. Mary was sitting near the fire, her back towards the door. 7. There being +名词（代词）如：There being nothing else to do, we went home. There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed. 8. It being +名词（代词）如： It being Christmas, the government offices were closed. It being a h

8、oliday, all the shops were shut. 1with + 名词（或代词）+ 现在分词 He fell asleep with the lamp burning. With winter coming on, its time to buy warm clothes.2with + 名词（或代词）+ 过去分词 All the afternoon he worked with the door locked. With the work finished, all of us went out for a walk. 介词+复合宾语（介词+宾语+宾补） with (with

9、out like) 复合结构3with + 名词（或代词）+ 动词不定式 I cant go out with all these dishes to wash. With so many books to read, I couldnt go out with you4with + 名词（或代词）+ 介词短语 He walked along with his hat on the back of his head. He simply stared at her with that peculiar expression on his face. 5with +名词（或代词）+形容词 The

10、 man was sleeping with the window open.The mother doesnt allow her child to talk with his mouth full. 6with +名词（或代词）+副词 With John away, weve got more room. The student listened to his teacher with his head down. With the teacher there, he cant write. without like +复合宾语 Without a word more spoken,he

11、left the room. The old pine tree still stood there like an umbrella covering the entrance.All flights_ because of the snowstorm, we decided to take the train. A. were canceled B. had been canceled C. having canceled D. having been canceled2. _ for a long time, most of the crops in this area died fro

12、m lacking water. A. Being no rain B. There was no rain C. To be no rain D. There being no rain3. Everything _ into consideration, they believed themselves more and returned to their positions. A. to take B. taken C. to be taken D. takingDDB 6. All the thing _，his proposal is of greater value than yo

13、urs. A. considered B. considering C. to consider D. consider 7. All the tickets _ out, they went away disappointedly. A. being sold B. to have been sold C. having been sold D. having sold 8. The murder was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back. A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. ti

14、ed ACD4. The boy lay on his back, his teeth _ and his glaring eyes _ straight upward. A. set; looked B. Set; looking C. setting; looked D. setting; looking5. _, they stopped for a rest. A. The work finished B. The work was finished C. They had finished the work D. As the work being finishedBA“动名词的复合结构”与“分词的独立结构”有什么区别？动名词的复合结构整体用于做主语，宾语，表语（看作名词） 如 His being late again ma