高三语法复习－动词不定式 完整版课件PPT

1、welcome非谓语动词高三英语语法过去分词不定式-ing 形式非谓语动词非谓语动词的性质它具有动词的特点，但在句子中起着名词、形容词、副词的作用，充当主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语的作用，即：除谓语以外一切成分。 主语 定语 宾语 表语 状语宾语补 足语不定式 过去分词 v-ing 形式 非谓语动词的作用To-infinitive动词不定式不定式的时态语态不定式的否定形式不定式动词不定式的高考考点：不定式的语法功能不定式不定式的作用1例1 NMET 2000 第19题Ive work with children before, so I know what _ in my job.

2、 A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects解析该题考查疑问+不定式在句中做宾语的用法。英语中有一些动词 后可以跟一个疑问词的不定式做宾语，如：tell, discuss, know, show, learn, decide, wonder, explain不定式的时态2例3 NMET 2007I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. having gone C. goi

3、ng D. to have gone不定式常和不定式完成式连用的动词还有：Would love, meant, hoped, planned, expected, promised, wish等 例如：I meant to have telephoned you, but I forgot.例4 NMET 2006Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in. to have studied B. to studyC. to be study D. to have been studying 不定式不定式

4、的否定形式3例5 NMET 1996年 The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eat解析 该题考查不定式的否定式作主补。要注意warn后跟词方式， warn sb. not to do sth. warn sb. against doing sth. 该题应该用结构。两外，not 应放在to之前。 在大多数的动词可接不定式短语做宾补，只有少数动词（五个看see,watch,notice, observe,look at；三使役

5、make,let, have;二听listen to,hear等）须接不带to 的不定式做宾补。动词不定式To do that sort of thing is foolish。I want to see you this evening.All you have to do is to finish it quickly.We found a house to live in.She came here to study English. I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation. 主语 宾语表语 定语 状语

6、 宾补作主语To master a foreign language is really important nowadays.To give up smoking is right.1.当今掌握一门外语真的很重要。2. 放弃吸烟是对的。It作形式主语,不定式作真主语常见句型:Its my duty to teach you how to learn English well. It requires patience to be a good teacher. a) It is + adj. (easy, important, difficult) + 不定式b) It is + n. (a

7、 pity, a pleasure, ones duty, a shame) + 不定式c) It takes/needs/requires + some time (hours, months, days, patience) + 不定式在It is + 形容词 + of sb + 不定式结构中，形容词往往表示人物的性格和特征，如kind, silly, good, unwise, clever, foolish, stupid, careless, rude, impolite, honest, bad等。在“It is + 形容词 + for sb + 不定式”结构中，形容词通常表示事物

8、的性质，如important, possible, impossible, necessary, difficult, hard, reasonable等。 It is + 形容词 + for / of sb + 不定式结构比较It is good of you to help me with my English.你真好，帮助我学英语。(强调you的特征=You are good to help me.)It is good for you to give up smoking.戒烟对你有好处。(强调的是give up smoking这一行为= For you to give up smok

9、ing is good.)作宾语Fred didnt have any money, so he decided to look for a job.He promised not to tell anyone about it.1. Fred 没有钱，所以他决定找一份工作。2. 他答应不告述任何人这事。不定式作宾语： 1.常用不定式作宾语的动词： want, wish, hope, seem, fail, offer, manage, pretend, promise, prepare, learn, expect, agree, determine, decide, refuse inte

10、nd, etc. 2.有些动词可接不定式，有些可接动名词。无太大区别。但不定式表具体，动名词表抽象。They prefer staying indoors when the weather is cold.天冷时他们喜欢呆在室内。(泛指)Would you prefer to stay at home this evening?今晚你想待在家里吗？(具体)3. 但有些后接不定式和动名词表示的意义不同regret,forget,remember:接不定式表示没做， 接动名词表示做完. try doing ,试用某种办法做某事; try to do 表示努力做某事lets try doing th

11、e work some other day.Try to work hard, and then you will success. 2005年天津卷12题：I dont want _ like Im speaking ill of anybody, but the managers plan is unfair.A. to sound B. to be sounded C. sounding D. to have sounded注意：1.当不定式短语比宾补长时, 往往将不定式放到宾补后, 而用先行代词it作形式宾语, 常用动词有feel, think, find, believe, cons

12、ider, make等。The cat felt it terrible to take roller coaster.2.只有少数介词如but, except等后面可以跟不定式作宾语。一般情况下作介词宾语的不定式都带to，但如果but或except所在句子里的谓语动词含有do, does, did时，通常省略to。We have no choice but to wait. We can do nothing but wait.作表语My job is to teach English.To see is to believe.1. 我的工作是教英语。2. 眼见为实。注: 作表语的不定式都带

13、to, 但当主语部分有实义动词do时, to可以省略。Now the only thing we can do is wait.作定语Do you have anything to say?1. 你有什么要说的吗?2. Betty是第一个知道这真相的人 Betty was the first to know the truth不定式作定语通常放在其修饰的名词名代词之后，与被修饰的名词或代词之间是主谓关系、动宾关系、同位关系或修饰关系。1 主谓关系The future to greet us will be bright.我们的未来会十分美好的。 The next train to arrive

14、 was from New York.下一列到站的火车是从纽约开来的。2 动宾关系On Sundays, he always has a lot of letters to write.星期天，他总是有许多信要写。 He can find no one to make friends with.他找不到可交朋友的人。 动词不定式作定语 点津坊由于动词不定式与其修饰的词之间往往有动宾关系，因此，如果该不定式的动词是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。She has a child to take care of. 她有一个孩子要照看。There is nothing to worry about.

15、没什么可担心的。He has no friend to depend on. 他没有可依靠的朋友。 作状语He spoke loudly (so as / in order) to be heard.They jumped with joy to hear the news.Im too tired to walk any further tonight.目的状语.原因状语.结果状语不定式作状语可以表示行为的目的、结果、原因等。1 表示目的Im saving up to buy a computer.我在存钱买电脑。点津坊有时为了强调或突出这种目的，也可以用in order (not) to

16、do, 和so as (not) to do结构 (so as to do不可以置于句首)。He shouted and waved in order to be noticed.为了引起注意，他又嚷嚷又挥手。Ill write down his telephone number so as not to forget it。我要把他的电话号码记下来，以防忘记 动词不定式作状语2 表示结果He got to the station only to find the train had gone. 必背 ： 不定式表示结果常见于下列句型 1)so.as to doWould you be so

17、kind as to lend me your bicycle? 2)such.as to doWe are not such fools as to believe him. 3)enough to doHe didnt run fast enough to catch the train. 4)only to doHe lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet. 5)too.to doHis eyesight is too poor to read such small letters. Practice:1.All these gifts

18、 must be mailed immediately _ in time for Christmas.A. in order to have received B. in order to receive C. so as to be received D. so as to be receiving2.He hurried to the station only _ that the train had gone. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found作宾补She asked me to stay there.1. 她叫我呆在这儿。2.请

19、允许我介绍Mr. White给你们。 Please allow me to introduce Mr. White to you.动词不定式作宾补：有些动词后面的不定式不带to，如feel（一感）hear,listen to（二听）make, have, let（三让） see, watch, notice, observe（四看）.I heard them sing a pop song .The teacher made me answer the question. I was made to answer the question. The boss made her work lon

20、g hours. 主语 谓语 宾语 宾补She主语was made 谓语to work 主补long hours (by her boss).Practice:1.While watching television, _.A. The doorbell rangB. The doorbell ringsC. We heard the doorbell ringD. We heard the doorbell rings2. If anyone happens to drop in while Im out, _ him or her leave a message.A. have B. get

21、 C. ask D.tell 用作独立成分的不定式有一些不定式短语可以作状语修饰整个句子，也可被称为插入语。To be honest, we are not sure to find the girl in the forest.说老实话，我们不能确保在森林里能找到那个女孩。 He is very honest, to begin with.首先，他很诚实。必背to tell you the truth 说老实话 to begin with 首先 to be frank 坦率地说 to be brief 简言之to conclude 总而言之 to be exact 精确地说to make a

22、 long story short 长话短说注意 A. 动词不定式的否定式只须在to 前加 not.My father decided not to take up the job.The teacher told us not to be late again.注意B. 带疑问词的动词不定式在to 前加疑问词。Mr.Lin will teach us how to use the computer.Can you tell me where to get the book?注意C. 作简短回答或避免不必要的重复时，动词不定式常常省去to 后面的动词，只保留to 。A:Would you li

23、ke to come to my party?Mary wanted to use my bike, but I asked her not to ( use my bike).B: Yes , Id love to ( come to your party).Mary想用我的自行车，但我叫她别用。提示如果动词不定式是to be或to have，则一般不省略动词。Did you finish the work? No, but I hoped to have. 动词不定式的时态1. I opened the door to enter the room. 2. Mr. Smith is goi

24、ng to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow. 一般式( to do ).不定式的一般式所表示的动作（状态）同时（或几乎同时）发生，或之后发生。 用主动式表示被动含义的不定式1 不定式做后置定语，与被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，但又与该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时。Do you have anything to say on this question?针对这个问题，你有什么要说的吗？2 不定式作形容词的宾语，与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时。The book is difficult to understand.这本书很难理解。3 The

25、re be结构中，当说话人考虑必须有人去完成某件事时。There is nothing to worry about.没什么可担心的。比较She has two letters to type. 她有两封信要打。 (自己打) She has two letters to be typed. 她有两封信要打。 (别人打) 介词to与不定式符号to的辨别英语中有很多常用短语带有to，要正确判断to是不定式符号还是介词，千万不可混淆。 These young lads are longing to go to watch the football match.这几个小伙子极想去看足球赛。If you

26、 stick to the truth, you will have nothing to fear.如果你坚持真理，就没有什么可害怕的。必背常见的带介词to的短语：be used to 习惯 be related to 与有关get down to 着手做 devote oneself to 献身于lead to 导致 be opposed to 反对look forward to 盼望 object to 反对stick to 坚持 pay attention to 注意.进行式( to be doing)1. I am very glad to be working with you.2

27、. He is said to be coming.如果谓语表示的动作（情况）发生时，不定式所表示的动作正在进行。动词不定式的时态动词不定式的时态.完成式（to have done)1. I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.2. You seemed to have read the novel written by Mr. Smith.如果谓语表示的动作发生在不定式之前。动词不定式的语态.主动式( to do / to be doing /to have done)1. We want to learn English well.2.Rob

28、ert is said_abroad, but I didnt know what country he studied in.(NMET99)to have studied B.to studyC. made D. to make当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的执行者时.动词不定式的语态.被动式( to be done / to have been done)1. He didnt like to be laughed at.2. He claimed _in the supper market when he was doing shopping yesterday.（上海98）

29、being badly treated B.treating badlyC. to be treated badly D. to have been badly treated.当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier _ it more difficult. A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make 2. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _

30、in my new job. A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects高考题汇集：3. Charles Babbage is generally considered _the first computer. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented C. having invented4. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _ to carry all the way home. much too heavy B. too m

31、uch heavy C. heavy too much D. too heavy much5. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. (NMET95)A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to6. Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening. (MET 97)to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking7.There are five pairs _,but Im at a loss which to buy.(1999上海高考)to be chosen B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosing8. _late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. (2001年北京春季高考) A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sleep 9. With a lot of difficult problems _,the newly-ele