高三英语阅读理解能力技巧之猜词能力公开课 完整版课件PPT

1、Welcome to our classroom永州一中 王洪洲阅读理解技巧之猜测词义If you come across the new words when reading, What will you do ?What difficulty do you have in reading?考试说明中关于阅读理解的要求 本部分共分两节，测试考生的英语阅读理解能力。要求考生读懂书、报、杂志、网络中关于一般性话题的文字材料以及公告、说明、广告等（生词量3%）并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：、理解主旨要义；、理解文中具体信息；、根据上下文推断生词的词义；、作出简单判断和推理；、理解文章的基本结构；

2、、理解作者的意图和态度。How to guess the meanings ofnew words An ichthyologist is a scientist who studies fish.一、Explanation 利用文章中用不同的话对同一概念的解释，猜测词义。信号词：be, be called, means, be defined as ，that is,等等，标点符号有：等 eg： It will be very hard but also very brittle - that is, it will break easily. eg： Modern medicine beg

3、an with the stethoscope, a medical tool used for listening to the movements of a persons lung and his heartbeats. 易碎的，脆弱的听诊器 A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter. His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals. The herdsman, who looks

4、after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. We are on the night shift - working from midnight to 8 a.m. - this week. 木匠 动物学家 牧人 夜班Ex. 1 carpenter,zoologist,herdsman,night shifte.g. John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very abstemious .e.g. Though Toms face h

5、as been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby.1.对比关系 污秽的, 邋遢的有节制的, 节约的二. Context 能体现对比关系的词汇很多，主要有but, yet, however, while, unlike, instead,on the other hand, on the contrary, in contrast with等。标点符号分号; 有时也可表示对比。 In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everythi

6、ng seems to be in a state of turmoil. If you agree, write “ yes”; if you dissent, write “no”. Some human actions are learned, but quite a few other actions are innate. Although a large number of people considered him to have stolen the money, I was sure that he was innocent of the theft.混乱 无辜的 天生的不同

7、意Ex. 2 turmoil,dissent,innate,innocent2.e.g. Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. My aunt was an old woman, almost as plump as mother, and much shorter.圆胖的, 丰满的 e.g. The new tax law supersedes, or replaces the law that was in effect last year.取代,接替,撤换 eg： American businessmen expect employees to be

8、 punctual. They do not expect that the workers will come late.文中be punctual的意思，可理解为“not come late”，即“准时，不迟到”。e.g. Mr Smith loves to talk, and his wife is similarly loquacious. 显然，similarly 是个语境线索，它暗示loquacious意为love to talk。2.同义、近义、反义关系 同义词替换的表达方法可以为我们推测词义提供明显的语境线索。一些常见的引出同义词的标志性词语有or, like, similar

9、,asas等。 反义词利用文章中所出现的、与某生词或词组意思相反的内容，猜测词义。信号词中有instead, but,not等Ex. 3 symptoms,volatile,shivered One of symptoms caused by this kind of illness is a high fever. Because this chemical liquid is highly volatile, we must keep it in a bottle which has a tight lid. In the strong wind, the beggar shivered

10、with the terrible cold. 症状易挥发的 颤抖3. 因果关系:信号词：如because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result, so that, such that，therefore等表示前因后果e.g. Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elastic.e.g. The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even whe

11、n it is shallow.弹性的混浊的 Since I could not afford to purchase the original painting, I bought a replica. An inexperienced eye could not tell the difference. Hes such a shrewd businessman that he loses no money in any trade. She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long. 复制品

12、 精明的 修剪Ex. 4 replica,shrewd,trim 1. With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence. unconditional:nonjudgmental:无条件的，绝对的不妄加评判的，客观的根据构词法：合成、派生（前缀、后缀）、转化等三. Word-formation -er -or -ian

13、-ist -ese-ess后缀,构成可数名词猜一猜:solution solve druggist drugelectrician electricgreatness greatreminder remind构词法-ment-tion-ness-sion-ery-ing后缀,构成抽象名词 dis- im- mis- un- non-否定前缀re-co- mini- over- pre- post- vice- en- tele-其它前缀重复共同,平等小过度-后副的使-可能远程-前猜一猜: minicar postwar supermarket preview preschool recall

14、nonstandard disloyal unlock co-worker overactive vice president 微型汽车战后超市预习学前的回忆,回想不标准的不忠诚的开锁合作者过分活跃副总统-al-ble-ern-ful-ish-ive-less-y-ly-ous形容词后缀enizeify动词后缀e. g. weakenrealizesatisfy猜猜:strengthen simplify mountainouscourageouschangeable lifeless hilly peaceable fictional e.g. We must safeguard the w

15、orld peace. A protect B care C prevent D to keep safe with guns e.g. Dont listen to his nonsense. A having no meaning B meaningless words C humorous speech D not making sense AB维护, 保护, 捍卫胡说, 废话合成词e.g. On the farm they mainly raise poultry, such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat.e

16、.g. I have found Lucy is quite generous, for example, whenever she meets a beggar, she gives some coins to him. 四. Examples家禽慷慨的，大方的eg: Metal expands when heated and contracts when cooled. eg: When you throw a stone into still water of a lake, you will watch a ripple spread in rings on the surface o

17、f water.五. Common sense膨胀，扩大收缩，缩小波纹，细浪 1. In old days, when girls from rich families were married to their husbands, they expected to bring with themselves a large quantity of dowry. 2. Most of the roses are beginning to wither because of the cold. 3. When a doctor performs an operation on a patient

18、, he usually gives an anaesthetic to make him unconscious, because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him. Ex. 5 dowry, wither, anaesthetic嫁妆枯萎 麻药 Word formation (字形)猜How to guess the meanings of words?Context(上下文）Examples(例子）Common sense (常识）Explanation(解释)小试身

19、手Alberts success after much effort and practice proves the value of persistence. 2. All his attempts to unlock the door was futile, because he was using the wrong key.3. Though Mr. Smith has been manager for just 3 months, he has already made much greater achievements than his predecessors. 祝功成你!A.

20、time B. competition C. perseveranceA. 成功的 B. 徒劳的C.有效的D. 匆促的A. 上级 B. 前任 C. 同事 D. 下级4. She didnt hear what you said because she was completely engrossed in her reading. 5. Twelve-year-old Sally was an active girl. But her sister was quite sedate. 6. He is a resolute man. Once he makes up his mind to d

21、o something, he wont give it up halfway. 祝功成你!小试身手A. 心不在焉的 B.紧张的 C. 全神贯注的 D.睡意浓的A. pretty B. calm C. protective D. energeticA. strong B. firm C. kind D. clever7. The official asked the man what his occupation was. The man told him that he worked as an engineer. 8. Those new comers were not used to t

22、he life in the suburbs which was so different from that inside the city. 9. You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in School, or English Learning. 祝功成你!小试身手A. work B. study C. name D. interestA. town B. capital C. country D. houseA. dictionaries B. story

23、-books C. magazines D. newspapers10. The flowers in the vase withered because they had no water. 11. Just for fun, they decided to try a very circuitous country road instead of the more direct highway. 12. That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day. 祝功成你!

24、小试身手A. became sweeter B. became red C. became dryA. direct B. indirect C. straightA. small B. large C. dull Now lets try some examples in the passages.Here are some examples in the exams.Try to guess the meanings of the underlined words in the following passages. Here is an example from a test paper

25、.分析：此题考查考生猜词的能力。青少年太早来到学校上课，就坐在桌旁打盹。而且我们知道“nod”有点头的意思。根据常识，打盹的时候会情不自禁地垂下头。eg： A Brown University sleep researcher has some advice for people who run high schools: Dont start classes so early in the morning. It may not be that the students who nod off at their desks are lazy. And it may not be that t

26、heir parents have failed to enforce (确保) bedtime. Instead, it may be that biologically these sleepyhead students arent used to the early hour.49. The underlined phrase “nod off” most probably means “ _”.turn around B. agree with others C. fall asleep D. refuse to work Here is another example from th

27、e test paper.分析：此题考查考生猜词的能力。根据上下文原则里的并列关系，我们通过一个and可以断定apprehensive跟nervous是同义词。 eg：A heart-warming story tells of a woman who finally decided to ask her boss for a raise in salary. All day she felt nervous and apprehensive. Late in the afternoon she summoned the courage to approach her employer. To

28、 her delight, the boss agreed to a raise. 54. The underlined word in the second paragraph most probably means_ A. worried B. eager C. certain D. afraid Here is another example from the test paper.分析：此题考查考生猜词的能力。根据解释定义原则，我们通过下文对cuisine这个词的补充解释，来判定它的基本意思为食物。 eg：Each region has a distinctive local flav

29、or. Here, wed like to introduce the best of Chinese cuisine. Now, there might be Chinese restaurants almost everywhere in the world, but I couldnt think of a better place or time to show the charm of it than at the Beijing Olympics.41. The underlined word in paragraph 1 most probably means_A. cooker

30、 B. cook C. food D. tradition Here is another example from the test paper.分析：此题考查考生猜词的能力。根据解释定义原则，我们通过下文对leg这个词的补充解释，来判定它的基本意思为这个bike tour的一部分，不要误选A。 A bike tour and race will be held on Aug 26 and 27. At 5:30 am, the riders will leave Tiananmen Square and ride the first 35 km as a training leg. The

31、n the next 55 Km leg from Yanjiao to Jixian, will be the first competition. The underlined word “leg” probably means _. A.race B. practice C. part of the training D. part of the tourgo on Homework:Do more exercises on your paper.Reading ComprehensionThank you for your attentioneg： One of the predomi

32、nant concerns today is the future of our natural resources. This issue is of greatest importance because it is becoming clear to many people that our present resources will not last forever. 文中“predominant”的词义可猜测为具有与“of greatest importance”相近的意思。 eg： Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken手势, 哑剧, 舞剧eg： Clea