医学英语词根词头

1、cardiacadj.心的cardiomyopathyn.心肌病cardiovascularadj.心血管的cardiologyn.芥蒂学myocarditisn.心肌炎electrocardiogramn.心人体部位EnglishLatin(拉丁静脉veinveno-胸chestpecto-腹bellyabdomino-脊柱backbonespino-spondylo-braincerebro-encephalo-headcapito-心heartcordi-手handmano-/manu-cheiro-)Greekphlebo-thoraco-ventro-cephalo-cardio-（

2、希腊）血管vesselvaso-1.adren/o:adrenalgland(上腺)adrenal-al,pertainingto,上腺的adrenaline-lin/line,substance,上腺素adrenalitis-itis,inflammation,上腺素的2.ar:pertainingto与相关的vascularvascul/o,bloodvessel.血管的cellular胞的Molecular分子的，由分子成的3.bi/o:life生命，生物Biomedical生物化学的biology-logy,thestudyof,生物，生物学biophysical生物物理学4.chro

3、m/o,chromomat:color色chromosomes-somes,bodies,染色体chromatin-in,substance,核染色5.crin/o:secrete分泌endocrinology内分泌学crinogenicgen/o+ic,pertainingtotheproduction,crinology分泌学6.cyte:cell胞angio-促分泌的erythrocyteerythr/o,red,leukocyteleuk/o,white,lymphocytelymph/o,lymph(7.cyt/:cell胞cytology胞学cytochemistry胞化学cyto

4、biology胞生物学8.embry/o:embryo(胚胎)胞白胞淋巴)淋巴胞-embryology胚胎学embryoma-oma,tumor胚瘤embryopathology胚胎病理学pathology,thestudyofdisease,病理学9.endo-:inner内部的endocrinology内分泌学endocardinal心内膜的endocellular胞内的10.hist/o:tissuehistology学Histopathology病理学histotherapy法hepat/o,liver肝hepatitis,theinflammationofliver肝炎vs.endo

5、/crino/logygastr/o,stomach胃enter/o,intestinegastr/o/enter/o/logy胃病学（1）.炎:theinflammationof/-itishepatitis肝炎;hepat/o:liver肝arteritis脉炎;arter/o:artery脉vasculitis血管炎;vascul/o:vas/o:vessel血管nephritis炎;nephr/o:kidneypancreatitis胰腺炎;pancreat/o:pancreas胰腺ovaritis;oophoritis卵巢炎;pleuritis胸膜炎;pleur/o:pleura胸膜

6、（2）.operationof.合:-orraphyaneurysmorraphy(suture);脉瘤aneurysm:脉瘤切除:ectomy:removalpharyngectomy咽切除appendectomy:尾切除append/o:appendic/o:appendix尾固定:-pexy:fixingrectopexy直固定rect/o:rectum直肌3）方向/方面的上：upper/superior;epi-;supra-epithelium上皮；下：lower/inferior;infra-;sub-subcutaneous皮下的；cutane/o:skin前：front/ant

7、erior/prior/fore-;ante-;pre-;antero-forehead前；anteroposterior前后的2-precirrhosis先期肝硬化；cirrh/o:orange硬变后：back/posterior/post-;retro-postheptical肝后的；heptic/o:liver;retrocardiac心后的；cardi/o:heart内：inner/internal/in-;endo-;ento-;entro-;intro-;inhale,inhalation吸入endoscopy内窥镜检；-scopy：visualexam外：outer/extern

8、al/ex-;exo-;ultra-；extra-；extract抽出；exhale呼出excretion排泄物；exocardial心外的间：inter-;between;intermuscular肌肉间的；常有药物词缀：-cillin青霉素类药物阿莫西林(羟氨苄青霉素)amoxicillin片剂、胶囊剂氨苄西林钠(氨苄青霉素)ampicillinsodium注射剂羧苄青霉素钠carbencillin双氯青霉素dicloxacillinCef-头孢类药物头孢氨苄cefalexin头孢羟氨苄cefadroxil头孢克洛Cefaclor头孢吡肟Cefepime头孢丙烯Cefprozil头孢拉定c

9、ephradine1.a-,an-not/withoutasymptomaticanemia(-emia,blood)amorphous2.ana-apart分别anatomyanalysis(-lysis,separation/breakdown)analyst(-yst=ist,specialist)3.angio-vessels血管angiogram(-gram,record)angioplasty(-plasty,surgicalrepair)angitis(-itis,inflammation)4.anti-against反对antibody(body,substance)antig

10、en(asubstance,)5.-arypertainingtopulmonary(pulm/o,thelungs)urinary(urin/o,urine)de-lackof/down/lossdeficiencydegenerationdeoxyribonucleic7.dia-complete,crossthroughdiagnosis(gnos/o,knowlege)dialysisdiameter(-meter,instrumentofmeasurement)3-8.electr/oelectricityelectrocardiograph(-graph,aninstrumento

11、frecording)electromyogram(my/o,muscle;-gram,record)electroencephalogram(encephal/o,brain)9.en-in,withinendemic(dem/o,people),encloseengulf10.gnos/oknowledgeagnosticPrognosis常的医学英1）痛headache,stomachache.thepainof;ache,-algia;-agra;-dynianeuralgia神痛;neur/o:nerve（神）;gastralgia胃痛;gastr/o:gaster,stomach(

12、胃)arthralgia关痛;arthr/o:joint(关)abdominalgia腹痛;abdomin/o:abdomen（腹部）（2）.与相关的：-scopy法;-scope；gastroscopy胃法；量具：-meter:instrumentformeasuring（量）；cardiometer心力；thermometer温度心：electrocardiogram=ECG;(electrocardiograph心):electroencephalogram=EEGB超:typeBultrasonicCT：computerizedtomography算机x射断尿：urineanalysi

13、s血常：bloodroutine（3）其余怕，恐惧phobia:fear；photophobia畏光,phot/o:light困dys-：bad,difficultydysfunction功能阻碍;dyspepsia消化不良dyspnea呼吸困,-pnea：breathing不良mal-：badmalnutrition养不良；malpractice事故malfunction机能障；malignant性的；maladministration管理不善好，正，eu-：good；eugenic生的adj.4-eugenics优生学;gen/o:producing（生产）euthanasia安乐死;-t

14、hanasia:death（死）瘤，肿块oma:tumor;cancer;swellinglymphoma淋巴瘤；hematoma血肿血症emia：bloodconditionleukemia白血病；septicemia败血症高：hyper-：high，above;hyperdynamia:肌力过分;(dynam/o:power,force:dynamicadj.)hypertension高血压（highbloodpressure）低：hypo-;low;belowhypotonia张力/压力过低hypotension（lowbloodpressure）低血压hyposensitiveadj.

15、弱敏的疗法：-therapyradiotherapy放疗;radiotherapist(放疗专家)chemotherapy化疗physiotherapy理疗psychotherapy心理疗法therapist治疗师无，没有a-an-:withoutatypical非典型性的asexual无性的asymptomatic无症状的anemia贫血anorexia厌食症orex/o:appetiteanesthesia麻醉(感觉缺失:esthesi/o:feeling,perception)elasticityn.弹性，弹力feebleadj.虚弱的，虚弱的，无力的sagvi.废弛sensoryadj

16、.感官的，感觉的，知觉的squeezev.挤；榨；捏staminan.精力；耐力，韧劲tautadj.紧的，绷紧的Transitoryadj.短暂的，片刻即逝的5-wreakvt.实行（暴力）；发（性情）；报仇wrinkledadj.有皱纹的前缀意思例子定义的例子olig/ofew,scantyoligomenorrheaascantymenstrualflow(men/o)经量异样pan-allpanacearemedythatcuresallills;acure-all治百病的药super-*above,excesssupernumeraryinexcessnumber超出数目equi-e

17、qual,sameequilateralhavingequalsides等边的，等面的hetero-other,different,heterosexualpertainingtotheoppositesex异性恋的；homo-,same,maintainingaconstantbodytemperaturehomeo-unchanginghomothermic保持一个恒定的体温;warmblooded恒温的iso-equal,sameisograftgraftbetweentwogeneticallyidenticalindividuals同基因移植物macro-large,macrocyt

18、eextremelylargeredbloodcell大红细胞abnormallylargemega-,*large;megaloabnormallylargemegabladderenlargementofthebladder膀胱扩充micro-smallmicroscopicextremelysmall;visibleonlythroughamicroscope显微镜的neo-newneonateanewborninfant重生儿哺乳物normonormalnormovolemianormalbloodvolume血量正常orthostraight,correct,orthoticCorr

19、ectingorprevcntingdeformities改正的uprightpoikilo-varied（杂色的）;poikiloderma皮肤异色病irregularpseudo-falsepseudoplegiafalseparalysis(suffix-plegia)假麻痹，假瘫re-again;backregurgitationbackwardorreturnflow,asofbloodorstomachcontents回流；反刍dextr/orightdextrocardialocationoftheheart(cardi/o)inth右位心erightsideofthechest

20、6-sinistr/oleftsinistradtowardtheleft向左ecto-out;outsideectodermoutermostlayerofthedevelopingec-,embryo外胚层ex/oawayfrom;outsideexcisetocutout切除，删去end/o-in;withinendoscopedeviceforviewingtheinsideofacavityororgan内窥镜mes/omiddlemesencephalonmidbrain中脑syn-,togethersynapseajunctionbetweentwonervecells(神sym

21、-经元的)突触tel/e-,endtelangionaterminalvessel(rootangi/o)tel/o-终动脉与疾病和疾患相关的前（后）缀病patho-?Pathogen（病原体）/pathology（病理学）/pathogenesis(发病机理/发病原)疗法-pathy,-pathic?neuropathy精神病变/nephropathy（肾病）/adrenopathy（肾上腺病）病态osis,-otic?neurosis(神经症；神经虚弱症)/tuberculosis（肺结核）/schistosomiasis(血吸虫病)增加leukocytosis/granulocytosi

22、s(粒细胞增加)减少penia,-penic?leukocytopenia/erythrocytopenia（红细胞减少）/granulocytopenia（粒细胞减少）小/微-let?droplet（小滴）/platelet（血小板）/leaflet（小叶）复合/多poly-?polyuria（多尿症）/polymer聚合物/polyopia视物显多症全/泛pan-pancolectomy全结肠切除术/panmyelosis全骨髓增生/pandemic全国流行的（疾病）相反dis-?disease（疾病，不健康）/disorder（失调）/disability（不健全，残疾）困难/阻碍dys

23、-?dysfunction（功能杂乱）/dyspepsia消化不良；胃弱/dyspnea（呼吸困难）不良mal-?malfunction（故障，失灵）/malnutrition（营养不良）/malpractice（玩忽职责，7-不良行为）炎症-itis?appendicitis（阑尾炎）/bronchitis（支气管炎）/arthritis（关节炎）/块-oma?lymphoma（淋巴瘤）/adenoma腺瘤/hematoma血肿血症-emialeukemia白血病/septicemia败血病/bacteremia菌血症痛-algia/-algesia/alge-/algo-?analgesi

24、a止痛；无痛法/hypoalgesia痛觉减退/algometer痛觉测试计麻木-plegia?hemiplegia（偏瘫）/pamplegia（全瘫）/myoplegia（肌瘫痪）流出rrhea?Diarrhea（腹泻）/hypermenorrhea（月经过多）/rhinorrhea（流鼻涕）坏死necrosis，necro-/necr-?hepatonecrosis（肝坏死）/myonecrosis（肌坏死）/necrospermia（死精症）结石litho-/-lith?lithiasis结石病/lithogenesis（结石形成）/cholelithes胆结石与方向相关的前缀upper

25、/superior:epi-/supra-?epidemic（流行病）/epithelium（上皮细胞）/supracostal(肋上的；肋外的)lower/inferior:infra-/sub-?infracostal肋骨下的/subclavicular(锁骨下的)/subcutaneous（皮下的）front/anterior/prior:fore-/ante-/pre-?Forehead前额/anteroposterior前后的/precirrhosis（先期肝硬变）back/posterior:post-/retro-?Posthepatic肝后的/postprandial餐后的/r

26、etrocardiac心脏后的inner/internal:in-/endo-/ento-?Inhalation吸入/endoscopy内窥镜检查/entocranial【解剖学】颅内的outer/external:ex-/exo-extract拿出/excretion（排泄，分泌物）between:inter-Intermuscular（肌间的）/intercostal（肋间部分）/副onthesideof:para-Parathyroid（甲状旁腺的）/paraprotein（病变蛋白，副蛋白）/pararenal肾旁的,围around:peri-?Perioperative（围手术期的）

27、/pericarditis心包炎/peritoneum腹膜中心central:centri-/centra-/centro-8-centrifugation离心分别/centralize集中地/centronucleus中心核/opposite:counter-/contra-Counterpart（副本）/countershock抗休克/contraindication禁忌症注：invivo/invaivou/活体内;invitro/invaitrou/活体外或管内；insitu/insaitju:/原位4.与外科手相关?切除:-ectomyAppendectomy尾切除/gastrecto

28、my胃切除/splenectomy脾切除切开:-tomyTracheotomy气管切开/hysterotomy子切开/craniotomy穿；骨切开切（割）:-tome?tracheotome气管切开刀/thoracotome开胸刀符合stomy?gastroesophagostomy胃食管符合成形-plasty?Tracheoplasty气管成形/osteoplasty外科骨成形/myoplasty（肌成形）造影:-graphy?Angiography血管造影/nephrography造影/phlebography（静脉造影）:trans-?Transabdominal腹的/translat

29、eral两的/transurethral（尿道的）注：-graphy方法，如：electrocardigraphy心；graph器，如：electrocardigraph心计；gram象，文字，如：electrocardiogram心医学英中的常用-phasia某种言的speech演heterophasia异症uttering成心供给或造文件罪wordsthataredifferentfromthoseintended异症，症-lalia含糊不清的speech,babblecoprolalia症compulsiveuseofobscenewords(copromeans“feces”)症-lexia苛性液葡萄干readingdyslexia写困difficultyinreading