Lesson4Understanding-完整精讲版课件

1、一二三四一、生词学习A.按要求写出单词的正确形式1.think(v.)(n.)2.worth(n.) (adj.)3.defend(v.)(n.)4.willing(adj.)(antonym)5.convention(n.)(adj.)6.benefit(n.)(adj.)thinking/thought worthy/worth defence unwilling conventional beneficial 一二三四B.根据英文释义写出单词7. to gain knowledge or learn a skill8. the belief in the existence of a g

2、od or gods9. to behave as if you had not heard or seen someone or something10. to advise or try hard to persuade someone to do something.11. to encourage someone by making them feel confident and eager to do something12. to think that something is true,although you do not have definite proofacquire

3、religion ignore urge inspire assume 一二三四二、从课文中找出下列短语并翻译A.温故:从文中找出下列短语并写出它们的汉语意思1.to start with 2.spit.out 3.go against 4.day to day 5.(be)based on 6.put forward 7.be known as 8.in other words 首先,作为开始 把吐出来 反对 日复一日 基于,在的基础上 提出 作为而被人所知 换句话说 一二三四B.知新:从文中找出与下列短语相对应的英文9.适应于10.为某人辩护11.对作出假设 12.赞成 13.对重要14.

4、对有益 be accustomed to come to ones defence make assumptions about approve of be vital to be beneficial to 一二三四三、阅读课文,判断下列句子的正(T)误(F)1.People are used to turning to the Internet for help when they have questions nowadays.2.Most people in Bacons time were interested in the search for knowledge as Bacon

5、.3.People believed that the Earth was the centre of the universe until Galilei proved Aristotle was wrong.4.Galilei proved that the Earth wasnt the centre of the universe,but he also made a mistake.5.We would get all the knowledge about the world since men never stop thinking and researching.T FFT F

6、一二三四四、佳句欣赏与仿写1.It seems obvious now how we acquire knowledge and understanding.(P42)翻译:仿写:我们是如何出错的似乎很明显了。2.This was certainly not the interest of most people in his day.(P42)翻译:仿写:在20世纪80年代,英语当然不是当时绝大多数人的兴趣所在。我们如何获取知识和理解知识现在似乎显而易见了。 答案:It seems obvious how we went wrong. 这当然不是他那个时代绝大多数人的兴趣所在。 答案:Eng

7、lish was certainly not the interest of most people in the 1980s.一二三四3.They preferred to make assumptions about the world based on the experience of others.(P42)翻译:仿写:我们宁愿以经典的法国烹调(cooking)为基础制作这份新的菜单。4.They didnt want to challenge what theyd always thought was true.(P42)翻译:仿写:我们要敢于向他们所信仰的观念进行挑战。他们宁愿以

8、别人的经验为依据对世界做出假设。 答案:We preferred to make this new menu based on classic French cooking.他们不想向他们一直信以为真的事实挑战。 答案:We should have the courage to challenge what they believe is true.一二三四5.Therefore,our understanding of the world around us is constantly growing and changing.(P43)翻译:仿写:世界的人口在不断地增长和变化。因此我们对周

9、围世界的理解在不断地增长和变化。 答案:The population of the world is constantly growing and changing.12346751.It seems obvious now how we acquire knowledge and understanding.我们如何获取知识和理解知识现在似乎显而易见了。剖析it是形式主语,真正的主语是how引导的主语从句“how we.understanding”。考点acquire vt. 获得,得到To acquire knowledge,we must study;but to acquire wis

10、dom,we must observe.要获得知识,我们必须学习;但要获得智慧,我们必须观察。Determination and effort made the young man get rid of poverty and acquire success.决心和努力使这个年轻人脱离贫困,取得了成功。12346751)阅读下面的句子,体会黑体词的词性及含义In the first six years of early childhood,the “window of opportunity” is wide open for natural language acquisition.六岁之前

11、的儿童,处在自然习得语言的“绝好时期”。词性:名词含义:习得,获得2)辨析:acquire和obtainHe spent years acquiring his skills as a surgeon.他花了数年时间掌握了外科手术技术。The college obtained a reputation for its high academic standards.这所大学因为学术水平高而获得了好名声。1234675归纳:acquire多用于通过不断地学、问等慢慢地获取学问、技术等较抽象的东西;obtain表示经过相当长的时间或经过很大的努力,获得期望已久的东西。活学活用语法填空1)Learn

12、ing a foreign language is a matter of learning new skills and(acquire) new knowledge.完成句子2)Knowledge ,not innate. 知识是后天获得的,不是先天就有的。3)I the information I needed. 我千方百计地获得了我所需要的资料。acquiringis acquired managed to acquire 12346752.Although today we are more accustomed to typing a few key words into a se

13、arch engine and waiting for the Internet to spit the answer out for us,modern scientists and thinkers are still solving the worlds problems with this type of analysisluckily for us.尽管我们现在更习惯于在搜索引擎敲进几个关键词,等待互联网吐出答案;然而幸运的是,当代科学家和思想家还是用这种分析的方法为我们解决世界上的问题。剖析 本句为复合句,主从句均为简单句。although引导让步状语从句,其中动词-ing短语“t

14、yping.engine”和“waiting.us”作介词to的宾语。1234675考点be accustomed to 习惯于He is accustomed to noise,because he lives right in the centre of the city.他习惯噪音了,因为他就住在市中心。He was accustomed to sleeping for an hour after his lunch.他习惯于在午餐后睡一个小时。归纳:be accustomed to中的to是介词,后面接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。12346751)get/become/grow ac

15、customed to 变得习惯于According to a survey,plastic bag use has fallen by two-thirds as consumers grow accustomed to bringing their own reusable bags.一项调查表明,由于消费者习惯了自带可重复使用的袋子,塑料袋的使用已经降低了三分之二。After they lived in the north for some time,they got accustomed to the life there.在北方生活了一段时间后,他们变得习惯了那里的生活。It is

16、important that children become accustomed to communicating with their parents.子女养成和父母沟通的习惯是非常重要的。归纳:get/become/grow accustomed to强调从“不习惯”到“习惯于”这一动态过程;而be accustomed to只表明“习惯于”的状态。12346752)同义短语:be used to 习惯于It is a bit difficult for you to be used to the wet and hot weather here.要你习惯这里潮湿而又炎热的天气有点儿困难

17、。3)accustom vt. 使习惯于A good traveller can accustom himself to almost any kind of food.一个善于旅行的人几乎能使自己习惯任何一种食物。1234675活学活用完成句子1)They were already ,so no one complained.他们已经习惯了等待,所以没有人抱怨。2)Her eyes the dark,and saw a man coming towards her.她的眼睛很快适应了黑暗,并看到一个人向她走来。用所给动词的适当形式填空3)We have got accustomed to(l

18、ive) in an air-conditioned room.4)The large basket can be used to (hold) toys.accustomed to waiting were quickly accustomed to living hold 12346753.Bacon held an important rank under King James (15661625)of England but his true interest was not the day to day bureaucratic details of the government,b

19、ut the worthy search for knowledge.在詹姆斯国王统治英国期间(15661625),培根位居显要,但他真正的兴趣不是政府日复一日的繁文缛节,而是对知识的有益探索。剖析 这是but(第一个)连接的并列句。but后的分句包含“not.but”结构。not.but意为“不是而是”,连接两个并列结构,前后构成转折关系。It is not how much you read but what you read that counts.重要的不是你读多少,而是你读的是什么。1234675考点worthy adj. 值得的【高考典句】(2016浙江高考)Make someth

20、ing worthy out of your experience.做一些值得你经历的事情。To support these worthy causes,Ashoka provides money for the worlds most promising “changemakers” seeking to solve(解决)urgent problems and would like to create a world in which every citizen is a changemaker.为了支持这些有价值的活动,阿育王组织为世界上最有希望的正寻求解决急切问题的“改革者” 提供资金

21、,希望创造一个每个公民都是改革者的世界。1234675This is a worthy book.=This book is worthy of being read.=This book is worthy to be read.这本书值得一读。This thing is worthy of further consideration.这件事值得进一步斟酌。1234675辨析:worthy,worth和worthwhile这三个词都可表达“这件事值得考虑。”观察下列句子试比较归纳各句句式The matter is worth consideration.The matter is worth

22、 considering.The matter is worthy of consideration.The matter is worthy of being considered.The matter is worthy to be considered.It is worthwhile to consider the matter.It is worthwhile considering the matter.1234675归纳:worthy,worth和worthwhile所用句式的差异:be worth + n.=be worthy of + n.be worth doing sth

23、.=be worthy of being done/to be doneIt is worthwhile to do sth.=It is worthwhile doing sth.活学活用语法填空1)It is often said that the joy of travelling is not in arriving at your destination in the journey itself.2)A number of findings in the report worthy of being noted.3)What do you think of the book?Oh,

24、excellent.Its worth (read) a second time.butare reading 12346754.The church and many people tended to ignore the facts and were unwilling to challenge what they had always comfortably believed.教会和许多人往往忽视事实,不愿意去挑战他们一直想当然地相信的一切。剖析 本句为复合句,第二个and连接两个并列的谓语结构:“tended to ignore the facts”和“were unwilling t

25、o.”,其中后一个谓语结构中包含what引导的宾语从句。1234675考点一tend to 经常做,倾向于Many children tend to sit in front of TV for a whole day if they can.如果可以的话,很多孩子倾向于电视机前坐一整天。Hes pretty easy-going and tends to get along with most people.他非常平易近人,而且易于与大部分人融洽相处。Studies have shown that people who are not satisfied with their jobs te

26、nd not to work as hard as people who like their jobs.研究显示,无法从工作中得到满足的人,投入工作的勤奋程度往往比不上那些热爱工作的人。归纳:该短语中的to为动词不定式,后接动词原形;在to前加not构成否定形式。1234675阅读下列句子,体会黑体词组的意义His views tend to the extreme.他的观点趋于极端。意义 趋于;走向Sofia was in the bedroom tending to her son.索菲娅正在卧室里照看她的儿子。意义 照顾;护理1234675考点二ignore vt. 忽视,不顾【高考典

27、句】(2016四川高考)They often ignore the Guianese law.他们经常忽略圭亚那人的法律。(2015安徽高考)Ignoring the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.忽视两个研究发现的区别是你所犯的最严重的错误之一。He ignored all the “No Smoking” signs and lit up a cigarette.他不顾四处张贴着的“禁止吸烟”的标识牌,点燃了一根香烟。12346751)辨析:ig

28、nore和neglectShe saw him coming but she ignored him.她见他走过来,但装作没看见。He neglected to write and say “Thank you”.他因疏忽而未写信道谢。归纳:ignore多指有意忽略,或故意不理睬、有意识地置之不理等;neglect指对自己的职责、义务等没有给予应有的重视,表示故意或无意地疏忽、忘记等。2)派生词:ignorant adj. 不了解的;无知的,愚昧的Hes not stupid,just ignorant.他并不蠢,只是无知罢了。To say you were ignorant of the r

29、ules is no excuse.说自己不知道规则是不能成为借口的。1234675考点三unwilling adj. 不情愿的She was unable,or unwilling,to give me any further details.她无法,或许是不愿意,给我提供更多的细节。Most people are unwilling to live with their parents when they grow up.大多数人长大成人后,不愿跟父母生活在一起。归纳:unwilling常用作表语,后面接动词不定式。1234675派生词:unwillingness n.不乐意unwilli

30、ngly adv. 不情愿地He is selfish.His unwillingness to help his friends is a case in point.他很自私,他不愿帮助朋友就是一个恰当的例子。Learn to face everything,though scared,though unwillingly,though with difficulties,and then one day you will be able to face the whole world.学着去面对每一件事情,尽管你会感到恐惧、不情愿,还会面临着许多困难,这样,总有一天,你将可以面对整个世界

31、。1234675活学活用语法填空1)I said hello to her,but she (ignore) me completely!2)Im (willing) to lend him any more money,for he never pays back the money he borrows.3)Vegetables tend to more expensive in winter.句子翻译4)我的忠告完全被忽视了。5)我妹妹紧张时往往话很多。ignored unwilling be 答案:My advice was completely ignored. 答案:My sist

32、er tends to talk a lot when shes nervous.12346755.They preferred to make assumptions about the world based on the experience of others.他们宁愿以别人的经验为依据对世界作出假设。Why did Aristotle assume that the Sun moved around the Earth?亚里士多德为什么假设太阳绕着地球转?考点一assumption n. 假定,假设【高考典句】(2015浙江高考)When serious illness visits

33、 your household,its not just your daily routine and your assumptions about the future that are no longer familiar.当严重的疾病拜访你的家庭时,它不仅是对你的日常生活和你对未来不再熟悉的假设。We need to challenge some of the basic assumptions of western philosophy.我们有必要向西方哲学的某些基本假设提出质疑。1234675考点二assume vt. 假定,假设So,let us assume that histo

34、rical buildings are both attractive and important to the majority of people.因此,让我们假定历史建筑对大多数人来说既引人注目又很重要。We do not know what the future holds,but with a few stable weeks behind us,we cannot assume that the worst has passed.我们不知道未来将怎样发展,但我们不能单凭过去几周的稳定形势,就假定最坏的阶段已经过去。We must assume him to be innocent

35、until he is proved guilty.尚未证实一个人有罪之前,就得假定他是清白的。1234675阅读下面的句子,体会黑体词的词性及含义Although many people assume that languages exist in dictionaries and grammars,in fact they only exist in peoples heads.尽管许多人认为语言存在于字典和语法书中,其实它只存在于人的头脑里。词性:及物动词含义:认为1234675活学活用用所给词的适当形式填空1)They bought the second-hand house on t

36、he (assume) that the former owner would paint it.完成句子2)It is reasonable that this situation will continue.有理由认为这种情况会持续下去。3)We in this case.在这种情形下我们无法作任何揣测。assumption to assume cannot assume anything 12346756.At first,people approved of his studies and urged him to continue.起初,人们赞同他的研究并鼓励他进行下去考点一appr

37、ove of 赞成,赞许Before building work began,a lot of people didnt want the Shard though the plans were approved.在动工前,尽管这些计划已通过,但很多人还是不想修建碎片大厦。His parents approved of his trying to make some money,but asked him not to neglect his studies.他的父母赞成他设法赚些钱,但叫他不要荒废了学业。If you see your friend do things you dont ap

38、prove of,reject his behaviour,not the person.如果你看到你的朋友做了你不赞成的事,那么你应否定他的行为,而不是这个人。1234675阅读下列句子,体会黑体词的含义She would never do anything that was not approved by her parents.她从来不做父母不赞成的事。含义:赞成This country was one of the last major countries to approve Apples iPhone,allowing it to be sold only since Novemb

39、er 2009.这个国家是全球各主要国家中最后批准苹果iPhone上市销售的国家之一,自2009年11月起才批准iPhone在此出售。含义:批准,通过1234675考点二urge vt. 力劝,强烈要求He urged the necessity for immediate action.他强烈要求立即采取行动。We all urged him to go ahead with his plan.我们都鼓励他实施他的计划。He urged my going to see a doctor.他催我去看医生。The report urged that all children be taught

40、to swim.该报道强烈呼吁让所有的儿童都学习游泳。归纳:urge可直接接名词作宾语,还常接复合宾语,构成urge sb.to do sth.结构,该结构还可以用“urge ones doing”和“urge that sb.(should) do.”结构表达,接从句时从句用虚拟语气。1234675派生词:urgent adj. 急迫的,紧急的Can you come to the phone?It sounds urgent.你能来接个电话吗?听起来挺紧急的。Theyve called an urgent meeting this evening.他们要求今晚召开紧急会议。It is ur

41、gent that we (should) protect our natural environment now!当务之急是,我们现在就应该保护自然环境!归纳:It is urgent that.句式中,that引导主语从句,用虚拟语气,谓语形式为“should+动词原形(should可省略)”。1234675活学活用完成句子1)His parents quite his idea of having further study in Britain.他的父母很赞同他去英国深造的想法。2)The building plan has by the manager and will be next