英语语法框架-详细总结

1、精选文档精选文档可编辑可编辑英语语法框架概、词法数量：10大类分类依据：形式特征、意义、句法作用词类定义例词实词Notionalword名词Noun表小事物名称的词Market, people, water, information代词Pronoun代替名词或名词所有格的词I, me, we, your, hers, all, nothing动词Verb表示动作或状态的词Are, do, go, eat形容词Adjective表示人或事物性质特征的词Young, fast, excellent副词Adverb表示动作、状态、性质的程度的词Very, well, always数词Numeral表

2、示数目或顺序的词One, first, thousand虚词Empty word冠词Article名词前，说明名词含义A, an, the介词Propositio n名词或代词之间，表关系Of, to, after,连词Conjuncti on连接，“关节”之意And, but, if感叹词Injection情感态度的词Oh, ah, well句法? 分类方法：按成分、按类别1.句子成分成分充当词例句名词NounThe sun gives us light and heat.主语 subject人称代词Personal pronounWe love life.“谁”“什么”物主代词Posses

3、sive pronounYour idea is good, but mine is better.动作或状态的发出者指示代词DemonstrativeThis is my favorite teacher.疑问代词pronounWhat is the most important thing in your life?不定代词InterrogativeNobody can stop me noun基数词Indefinite pronounTwo of you are my best students.序数词Cardinal numeralThe second is my sister.形容词

4、The old should be taken care of in our不定式Ordinal numeralcountry.动名词从句AdjectiveInfinitiveGerund clauseTo talk is easier than to do.Helping others can bring us happiness.What you did is better than what you said.谓语 predicate主语的动作或状态实意动词联系动词Notional verbLinking verbWe plan to review our lessons in thre

5、e months.We are Chinese.口 object及物动词或及物动词短语的对象或内谷名词人称代词反身代词指示代词疑问代词不定代词物主代词相互代词NounPersonal pronounReflexive pronounDemonstrative pronounInterrogative pronounInfinitive pronounNowadays many foreigners are learning Chinese.He fools us all.Believe in yourself.I thank you will like this.Who are you wai

6、ting for?They got everything they want.He is an old friends of hers.Possessive pronounReciprocal pronounWe should learn to respect each other.宾语补足语object complement 一一宾语之后，补充说明形容词 副词 名词介词短语 不定式现在分词 过去分词AdjectiveAdverbNounPrepositional phraseInfinitivePresent participlePast participleThat news will m

7、ake mother happy.Let me show you out.We chose Tom our monitor.Jerry found him in a strange world.Do not force me to do anything I don t like.Don t keep me waiting too long.They ran away and left the work unfinished.表语 predictive说明主语，“补足语”形容词副词指示代词疑问代词不定代词基数词序数词介词短语AdjectiveAdverbDemonstrative pronou

8、nInterrogative pronounIndefinite pronounCardinal numeralThe mountains are green.Time is up.What I want is this.I wander who you are.It is nothing serious.Two plus two is four.My mother is always the first to get up.The watch is just under the table不定式动名词现在分词过去分词从句Ordinal numeralPrepositional phraseI

9、nfinitiveGerundPresent participlePast participleclauseMy job is to clean the road.His bobby is collecting stamps.The result is disappointing.We are disappointed to the result.That is what IQ means.te语 attribute修饰名词或代词名词形容词副词物主代词指示代词疑问代词不定代词基数词序数词介词短语NounAdjectiveAdverbPossessive pronounDemonstrative

10、 pronounInterrogative pronounIndefinite pronounCardinal numeralHe works in a car factory.Now the world is just like a small village.The native there are very friendly.Their invention won the world prize.These wild plants are well protected.Which river is the longest in the world?Both his parents are

11、 doctors.The organization contains eight countries.He was the fifth player to receive the honor.Many secrets in space remain unknown.不定式Ordinal numeralSo I have nothing to say for myself.动名词Prepositional phraseI bought a walking stick for my grandfather.现在分词InfinitiveTom got injured by a falling tre

12、e.过去分词GerundThey reached an old house built 200 years ago.从句Present participlePast participleclauseThose who drink water will not forget thepeople who dig the well.名词NounLi Ming is one year old than I.状语 adverbial形容词AdjectiveThe travelers came back, safe and sound.位置随意，修饰任意副词AdverbThe son often writ

13、e to his parents.动词、副词、形容词不定式InfinitiveMother went to buy something in the market.从句、全句现在分词Present participleHe stood up, looking at the boss coldly.过去分词Past participleLed by the natives, we found the old castle.介词短语Prepositional phraseFrom the space the astronaut saw a blueglobe.从句ClauseWhere there

14、 is smoke, there is fire.独立主格nominative absolutestructureWeather permitting, we will go for a同位语appositive名词NounMiss Wu, our English teacher, is kind to us.前名词、代词的具体内容代词PronounThey each have a PC.数词NumeralI have prepared a nice dinner for you two.从句clauseWe ve got the news that our team won thematch

15、.2.句子类别分类：按使用目的、按结构(1) 按使用目的：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句类别例句陈述句Declarativesentence启/E句Assertive sentenceHis name was Pangu.She began searching for that something.否定句Negative sentenceI can not agree with you.It doesn t matter.一般疑问句疑问句Question sentenceGeneralquestionDid Italy win the World Cap?Is that film intere

16、sting?特殊疑问句SpecialquestionWhat is your name?Where can you find the answer、选择疑问句AlternativequestionAre you a teacher or a student?Do you like coffee or tea?反义疑问句DisjunctivequestionIt is fine day, isn t it?No one accepted your offer, did they?祈使句imperative sentenceDo not take everything for granted!Fo

17、llow me, please.感叹句exclamatory sentenceWhat a good teacher he is!How good a teacher he is!(2)按结构：简单句、并列句、复合句类别例句简单句 simple sentence5种基本类型S+VIThe sun rises in the east.S+VT+OMany families keep pets.S+V+CChina is still a developing country.S+VT+O1+O2He sent me an e-mail yesterday.S+VT+O+CMy girl alway

18、s makes me happy.并列句Coordinate sentenceHe likes to watch TV but I like to read books.You can do your homework first and then you can play with your friends.复合句Comple x sentenc e名词性从句Noun clause主语从句 subject宾语从句object表语从句 predicative同位语从句 appositiveWhat you said is true.You knew that beauty should be natural.That is when I studied.He made a promise that he would come back.状语从句Adverbial clause时间状语time