市政道路桥梁工程施工及质量控制

1、市政道路桥梁工程施工及质量控制【摘要】市政道路桥梁施工技术难度不大，但由于施工场地狭小，交通流量影响大，且工艺比较复杂，在施工中会遇到各种各样不同的环境条件的制约。本文介绍了市政道路桥梁工程施工的基本特征，分析了市政道路桥梁工程施工技术要点，提出了市政道路桥梁工程施工质量控制措施。【关键词】市政道路桥梁工程施工质量控制中图分类号:o213.1文献标识码:a 文章编号:市政路桥工程施工质量的好坏直接影响到工程的成本、工期及使用寿命。市政道路桥梁施工技术难度不大，但由于施工场地狭小，交通流量影响大，且工艺比较复杂，在施工中会遇到各种各样不同的环境条件的制约。要始终坚持技术标准，注意加强施工管理，强

2、化质量意识，使市政道路施工质量不断提高。一、市政道路桥梁工程施工的基本特征1、准备期短，开工急。城市道路工程通常由政府出资建设，出于减少工程建设对城市日常生活的干扰这一目的，对施工周期的要求又十分严格，工程只能提前，不准推后，施工单位往往根据工期，倒排进度计划，难免缺乏周密性。2、施工场地狭窄，动迁量大。由于城市道路工程一般是在市内的大街小巷进行施工，旧房拆迁量大，场地狭窄，常常影响施工路段的环境和交通，给市民的生活和生产带来了不便，也增加了对道路工程进行进度控制、质量控制的难度。work instructions, and Chair of the item-specific work of

3、 the quality system. Organizations, inspection, audit, four new technology application. With the landlord is responsible for the technical department, supervision units, design units of coordination of communication efforts. 5, Project Management Division: Zhang Taiping, is responsible for the techn

4、ical management of the project construction. Organization jointly examine the design documents, preparation of construction organization design for implementation. The whole process of project construction technology to give the low-down, technical control, technical and construction management. Org

5、anization of technical documents, data collection, management, participation in quality assessment and acceptance of the project, join the currency. Organization after completion of warranty and after-sale service. Responsible for the measurement and control of the project work. Responsible for sche

6、duling and field construction coordination of construction work. 6, quality control Department: Wang Zhiping, in charge of the project management, is responsible for carrying out GB/T19001-2000 standard, according to the quality policy and quality objectives, and to develop quality management plans,

7、 measures, internal audit is responsible for organizing, supervising and inspecting the project quality management system use quality monitoring function. Quality inspection and evaluation standards, to check the quality of all the works of this project; quality surveyed the cause of the3、地下管线复杂城。市道

8、路工程建设实施当中，经常遇到与供热、给水、煤气、电力、电信等管线位置不明的情况，若盲目施工极有可能挖断管线，造成重大的经济损失和严重的社会影响。同时也对道路工程进度带来负面影响，增加额外的投资费用。4、原材料投资大。城市道路工程材料使用量极大，在工程造价中，所占比例达到50%左右，如何合理选材，是工程监理工作质量控制的重要环节。施工现场的分布，运距的远近都是材料选择的重要依据。二、市政道路桥梁工程施工技术要点1、路基工程路基是道路线性的主体，贯穿公路全线，与沿线的桥梁、涵洞和隧道等相连接。路基是在天然地表面上按照道路的设计线形(位置)和设计断面(几何形状)的要求填筑或开挖而成的岩土结构物，是路

9、面结构的基础。路基工程具有土石方量大、分布不均匀、施工时间长的特点，它不仅与路基工程相关的设施，如路基排水、防护和加固等相互制约，而且同公路工程的其他项目，如桥涵、隧道、路面及附属设施相互交错。因此，路基工程施工在技术操作、施工管理、质量标准等方面具有特殊性。就整个公路工程施工而言，路基施工往往是施工组织管理的关键。在道路桥梁的施工中，路基工程的施工主要注意以下几点:(1)基层松铺厚度的把握。在基层施工中，严格抓好松铺厚度，在最佳含水量的碾压尽量减少基层成型，经初压后进行人工整修，work instructions, and Chair of the item-specific work of

10、 the quality system. Organizations, inspection, audit, four new technology application. With the landlord is responsible for the technical department, supervision units, design units of coordination of communication efforts. 5, Project Management Division: Zhang Taiping, is responsible for the techn

11、ical management of the project construction. Organization jointly examine the design documents, preparation of construction organization design for implementation. The whole process of project construction technology to give the low-down, technical control, technical and construction management. Org

12、anization of technical documents, data collection, management, participation in quality assessment and acceptance of the project, join the currency. Organization after completion of warranty and after-sale service. Responsible for the measurement and control of the project work. Responsible for sche

13、duling and field construction coordination of construction work. 6, quality control Department: Wang Zhiping, in charge of the project management, is responsible for carrying out GB/T19001-2000 standard, according to the quality policy and quality objectives, and to develop quality management plans,

14、 measures, internal audit is responsible for organizing, supervising and inspecting the project quality management system use quality monitoring function. Quality inspection and evaluation standards, to check the quality of all the works of this project; quality surveyed the cause of the特别要加强基层边缘立模处

15、的压实度，对因特殊情况碾不到位的应采用工人锤和振动夯，分层夯实，以确保其结构层的质量;(2)严格控制基层平整。面层铺筑前用3m直尺对基层进行平整度检测，平整度差且大的路段应进行整平。面层摊铺前认真清扫基层表面，确保基层表面整洁，没有松散浮料和杂质，如表面滴落水泥成硬渣时，应予及时清除，以确保面层平整度。2、路面工程路面是用各种筑路材料或混合料分层铺筑在公路路基上供汽车行驶的层状构造物。其作用是保证汽车在道路上能全天候、稳定、高速、舒适、安全和经济地运行。(1)沥青混凝土路面施工。沥青路面是用沥青材料作结合料粘结矿料或混合料修筑面层与各类基层和垫层所组成的路面结构。沥青路面具有平整、无接缝、行车

16、舒适、耐磨、噪音低、施工期短、养护维修简便、且适宜于分期修建等优点，因此得到广泛应用。在我国，高等级公路路面面层的最常见类型是沥青混凝土和沥青碎石。沥青路面的施工质量，也取决于主要材料的质量和沥青混合料的配合比设计及沥青混合料的拌和。对沥青混合料来说。一是控制好油石比和矿料级配。二是控制好各个环节的温度。发现问题及时调整。这两个问题控制好则是质量的保证。对半刚性基层、底基层混合料主要是控制好水泥、石灰等稳定材料的剂量。这是保证强度符work instructions, and Chair of the item-specific work of the quality system. Orga

17、nizations, inspection, audit, four new technology application. With the landlord is responsible for the technical department, supervision units, design units of coordination of communication efforts. 5, Project Management Division: Zhang Taiping, is responsible for the technical management of the pr

18、oject construction. Organization jointly examine the design documents, preparation of construction organization design for implementation. The whole process of project construction technology to give the low-down, technical control, technical and construction management. Organization of technical do

19、cuments, data collection, management, participation in quality assessment and acceptance of the project, join the currency. Organization after completion of warranty and after-sale service. Responsible for the measurement and control of the project work. Responsible for scheduling and field construc

20、tion coordination of construction work. 6, quality control Department: Wang Zhiping, in charge of the project management, is responsible for carrying out GB/T19001-2000 standard, according to the quality policy and quality objectives, and to develop quality management plans, measures, internal audit

21、 is responsible for organizing, supervising and inspecting the project quality management system use quality monitoring function. Quality inspection and evaluation standards, to check the quality of all the works of this project; quality surveyed the cause of the合要求的主要因素，不得减料，必须用足;其次是生石灰消解要充分，过筛要严格，

22、防止未消解的石灰块，否则将造成路面拱起;此外，含水量要适当，否则难以压实。沥青混合料的配合比不合理，油石比较大，已铺筑的路面会产生壅包和泛油;油石比较小，路面会出现松散;矿料的质量不好，集料的压碎值和石料的抗压强度太差和细长扁平颗粒含量过高，使路面混合料的稳定度降低，容易出现路面的各种病害。(2)水泥混凝土路面施工。水泥混凝土路面是指以水泥混凝土为主要材料做面层的路面，简称混凝土路面。亦称刚性路面，俗称白色路面，它是一种高级路面。水泥混凝土路面施工要注意以下几点:按试验混凝土配合比准确配料;单位水泥用量要精确称量，误差值控制在1%以内;集料的含水量要及时取得，以便控制适宜的用水量，保持水灰比准

23、确;为减少用水量，改善和易性可使用合适的外掺剂;用水量误差不得超过1%，外加剂控制在2%以内;采用电子称或其他现代配料机械设备准确配料，尽量不采用人工手推车按车计量的配料方法;集料称量误差控制在3%以内。3、桥隧工程桥隧工程是高等级公路中的重要组成部分，它包括桥墩、涵洞、通道和隧道等。(1)桥墩盖梁浇筑。墩柱顶预留钢筋和墩盖梁连接，桥墩盖梁桥work instructions, and Chair of the item-specific work of the quality system. Organizations, inspection, audit, four new technol

24、ogy application. With the landlord is responsible for the technical department, supervision units, design units of coordination of communication efforts. 5, Project Management Division: Zhang Taiping, is responsible for the technical management of the project construction. Organization jointly exami

25、ne the design documents, preparation of construction organization design for implementation. The whole process of project construction technology to give the low-down, technical control, technical and construction management. Organization of technical documents, data collection, management, particip

26、ation in quality assessment and acceptance of the project, join the currency. Organization after completion of warranty and after-sale service. Responsible for the measurement and control of the project work. Responsible for scheduling and field construction coordination of construction work. 6, qua

27、lity control Department: Wang Zhiping, in charge of the project management, is responsible for carrying out GB/T19001-2000 standard, according to the quality policy and quality objectives, and to develop quality management plans, measures, internal audit is responsible for organizing, supervising an

28、d inspecting the project quality management system use quality monitoring function. Quality inspection and evaluation standards, to check the quality of all the works of this project; quality surveyed the cause of the浇筑装模采用钢模装模，斜面和转弯处不好装模处用竹胶板配合装模，采用钢管和木头配合搭建脚手架，并搭建工作作业平台，装好底模后便现场绑扎钢筋，再安装侧模。浇筑时用输送泵输

29、或吊车送入模内，浇筑时水平分层混凝土送入模内后，用振捣棒震动密实，保证表面没蜂窝麻面现象，顶面浇筑时控制好横坡度。(2)桥涵施工。桥涵施工的技术要求:桥梁应根据公路功能、等级、通行能力及抗洪防灾要求，结合水文、地质、通航、环境等条件进行综合设计。特大、大桥桥位应选择河道顺直稳定、河床地质良好、河槽能通过大部分设计流量的河段，不宜选择在断层、岩溶、滑坡、泥石流等不良地质地带。桥梁设计应遵循安全、适用、经济、美观和有利环保的原则，并考虑因地制宜、便于施工、就地取材和养护等因素。桥涵的设置应结合农田基本建设考虑排灌的需要。特殊大桥宜进行景观设计;上跨高速公路、一级公路的桥梁应与自然环境和景观相协调。

30、桥梁结构应考虑桥面铺装进行综合设计。桥面铺装应有完善的桥面防水、排水系统。采用标准化跨径的桥涵宜采用装配式结构，机械化和工厂化施工。三、市政道路桥梁工程施工质量控制措施1、测量质量控制work instructions, and Chair of the item-specific work of the quality system. Organizations, inspection, audit, four new technology application. With the landlord is responsible for the technical department,

31、supervision units, design units of coordination of communication efforts. 5, Project Management Division: Zhang Taiping, is responsible for the technical management of the project construction. Organization jointly examine the design documents, preparation of construction organization design for imp

32、lementation. The whole process of project construction technology to give the low-down, technical control, technical and construction management. Organization of technical documents, data collection, management, participation in quality assessment and acceptance of the project, join the currency. Or

33、ganization after completion of warranty and after-sale service. Responsible for the measurement and control of the project work. Responsible for scheduling and field construction coordination of construction work. 6, quality control Department: Wang Zhiping, in charge of the project management, is r

34、esponsible for carrying out GB/T19001-2000 standard, according to the quality policy and quality objectives, and to develop quality management plans, measures, internal audit is responsible for organizing, supervising and inspecting the project quality management system use quality monitoring functi

35、on. Quality inspection and evaluation standards, to check the quality of all the works of this project; quality surveyed the cause of the由于市政道路工程的线型布置特点，平面控制点通常按复合导线布设，市政道路由于建筑物、构造物较密，地下管线复杂加之排水管道定位精度要求相对较高，因此应督促施工单位做好施工前的测量工作，检查施工单位临时水准点和控制桩的维护情况并记录，并对水准点、控制桩进行复核并签证，提高其测量精度，以免发生配套管线碰头和擦边现象，复核无误后，报监

36、理复核，误差值必须控制在允许误差值内，并督促施工单位及时完成测点任务后加以测量保护，监理检查、记录并复核签收。2、原材料质量控制目前，在市场经济的环境下，各种材料销售名目繁多，对采购人员极易产生误导，所以要督促承建单位严把材料关，大批量材料应制定进料计划，监理根据材料计划和到场通知，检查材料外观和质保单，检验合格，现场见证施工单位取样复试，复试合格后方可用于本工程。3、路基施工质量控制路基是公路工程的重要组成部分，它既是公路的主体，又是路面的载体与基础。(1)填方路基施工质量控制。路基一般是用自然土修筑的，在路基填筑之前应对自然土进行试验分析，确定其物理力学性质，测定其最佳含水量及最大干容重，

37、以便指导路基施工及对路基填筑成品的检测，从有关试验结果分析:土质颗粒越细，其相应的回弹模量越低，而砂性土回弹模量比较高。施工选择取土场时，我们通过选work instructions, and Chair of the item-specific work of the quality system. Organizations, inspection, audit, four new technology application. With the landlord is responsible for the technical department, supervision units,

38、 design units of coordination of communication efforts. 5, Project Management Division: Zhang Taiping, is responsible for the technical management of the project construction. Organization jointly examine the design documents, preparation of construction organization design for implementation. The w

39、hole process of project construction technology to give the low-down, technical control, technical and construction management. Organization of technical documents, data collection, management, participation in quality assessment and acceptance of the project, join the currency. Organization after c

40、ompletion of warranty and after-sale service. Responsible for the measurement and control of the project work. Responsible for scheduling and field construction coordination of construction work. 6, quality control Department: Wang Zhiping, in charge of the project management, is responsible for car

41、rying out GB/T19001-2000 standard, according to the quality policy and quality objectives, and to develop quality management plans, measures, internal audit is responsible for organizing, supervising and inspecting the project quality management system use quality monitoring function. Quality inspec

42、tion and evaluation standards, to check the quality of all the works of this project; quality surveyed the cause of the择塑性指标较小的土来填筑路基。严格控制松铺厚度，路堤分层填筑的质量是保证整个路基质量的重点，故每层填实的松铺厚度都要经检查合格后方可压实，压路机对路基填土压实时，应遵循先轻后重、先静压后振动、先两边再中间、从低处往高处的碾压原则。(2)混凝土路面施工质量控制。施工时混凝土28d 抗弯拉强度需达到4.05.0mpa，抗压强度达到3035mpa;为保证水泥混凝土有

43、足够的强度、耐久性及抗腐蚀性，在混合料配合比设计中，单位水泥用量不应小于300kg(标号不低于425 号)。混凝土路面浇筑完成后，要及时用潮湿材料覆盖，浇水养护，覆盖养护不少于14d，防止强风和曝晒。胀缝位置应按设计要求留置。参考文献:1 樊新庆. 浅谈市政道路桥梁工程施工及质量控制j. 中国城市经济, 2011,(09) . 2 杨运肖. 浅析市政道路工程施工现场管理j. 中国城市经济, 2012,(03) . 3 杨敏儿. 论市政道路桥梁工程中清水混凝土应用的重要性j. 中小企业管理与科技(上旬刊), 2012,(01) . 4 何彬. 道路桥梁施工中预应力的应用及存在的问题j. 中国水运(下半月), 2011,(06) . 5 陈军,郭振强. 浅谈市政道路工程质量控制措施j. 中国新技术新产品, 2011,(12) .work instructions, and Chair of the item-specific work of the quality system. Organizations, i