文学翻译讲义2

1、2008.1.25IntroductionTo Literary Translation Questions1What do we expect from literature works?2What is literary language like? 3What should a successful literature translation be like2What is literary languageAffective (Richards)Also called poetic language Imagination(Coleridge) Polysemy(Empson) Es

2、trangement(Culler) Literariness; a specialWay of reading (Culler)Literarylanguage3Principles of Literary LanguagePolysemy (multiple meaning)AmbiguityMetaphorPrinciples ofLiterary LanguageForegrounding(unusual, attractive, unconventional)Main manifestations: deviation; parallelism (violation of synta

3、ctic norms)e.g. “A Grief Ago”4Examples of Deviation你 / 一会看我 / 一会看云 / 我觉得 / 你看我时很远 / 你看云时很近 （顾城远和近）随着爷爷的枪声，道路东西两边的河堤后，响起了几十响破烂不堪的枪声，又有七八个日本兵倒下了。（莫言红高粱）5Literary Works Literary works are a kind of art created in language. What we demand of them is not merely the recording of concepts and of incidents.

4、 Besides these, they should possess artistic images which are attractive to the reader. In other words, the reader must have a strong feeling towards the characters thought and behavior through the artistic images portrayed in their literary works.6Literary translation Literary translation is to rep

5、roduce the original artistic images in another language so that the reader of the translation may be inspired, moved and aesthetically entertained in the same way as one reads the original. 文学的翻译是用另一种语言，把原作的艺术意境传达出来，使读者在读译文的时候能够像读原作时一样得到启发、感动和美的感受。 7Literary translatorBilingual competenceBicultural

6、competenceA sense of responsibilityLiterary translator competenceA keen insight8Linguistic knowledgeconscientiousness Literarycapacity sympathy diligence intuitionLiterarytranslator92008.1.25CriteriaOf Literary Translation Sayings by Chinese Scholars玄奘Translation must be truthful and intelligible to

7、 the populace（既须求真，又须喻俗）严复Early 1930s: 赵景深：rearrange Yans three points in a new order expressiveness, faithfulness, elegance鲁迅，瞿秋白：rather to be faithful in thought than smooth in the language（宁信而不顺）; a translation must have both intelligibility and the style of the original text.11Lu Xuns Viewpoint

8、A literal translation introduces not only new subject matter, but also new ways of expression. The Chinese language, whether written or spoken, is too imprecise To remedy that, we will have to undergo a little ordeal, that is, to bring in bizarre ways of constructing sentences ancient, outlandish, f

9、oreign ways, incorporating them into our language.12刘重德信，达，切（closeness）黄药眠透（a thorough understanding of the original）化（a transfiguration of the original form）风（a stylistic resemblance）傅雷神似（spiritual resemblance theory）钱钟书化境（transmigration theory）13Sayings by Western ScholarsJohn DrydenMetaphrase: wo

10、rd by word and line by lineParaphrase: sense for sense; translation with latitude, where the author is kept in view.Imitation: forsaking both words and sense; more or less adaptation.TytlerGive a complete transcript of the original ideasThe style/ manner of writing be of the same characterHave the e

11、ase of the original composition14Eugene NidaFunctional equivalenceMaking sense;Conveying the spirit and manner of the original;Having a natural and easy form of expression;Producing a similar response.15 Translation means communicating, and this process depends on what is received by persons hearing

12、 or reading a translation. Judging the validity of a translation cannot stop with a comparison of corresponding lexical meanings, grammatical classes, and rhetorical devices. What is important is the extent to which receptors correctly understand and appreciate the translated test. Accordingly, it is essential that functional equivalence be stated primarily in terms of a