高中英语语法常用动词时态市公开课金奖市赛课一等奖课件

1、动词时态 第1页现在时过去时未来时过去未来时普通 进行完成 完成进行各种时态一览表do doesdidwill doshallshould wouldam is doingarewas doingwereshallwillshould be doingwouldhave donehashad doneshall have donewill should have would donehave been doinghashad been doingshall will have been doinghave been doingshould wouldbe doingdo第2页普通现在时do /

2、 does一、表示现阶段经常性动作状态特 征。The director (be) at home .Our school (have ) a big playground.Billy Crystal often (host) the Academy Award.She (like) stand-up comedy very much .二、表示客观真理，书报标题，小说、戏剧、图、文等介绍。Scientists told us the earth (move) around the sun .The scene (change) back to the park . Laughter (be)

3、good for your health .ishashostslikesmoveschangesis第3页三、用于计划、决定、时刻表、，句中常有时间状语，但仅用于少数几个表示“移动”动词：come , go , arrive , begin , leave , return , start , stop , open , close 等,可表示将要发生动作。1.The plane (leave) for Paris at eight this evening .2.The meeting (begin) at half past two tomorrow afternoon .3.What

4、time the shops (open) ?四、在时间、条件状语从句中，用普通现在时表示将要发生动作。1.When he (be)18 years old , he will join the army .2. Take an umbrella in case it (rain) tomorrow .3.I wont go to his party unless she (send ) an invitation. leavesbegins do openisrainssends第4页现在进行时am / is / are doing 一、表示现在或现阶段正在进行动作，常与now , at p

5、resent 等连用。1.We (have) an English class now.2. the baby (sleep) next door?3. At present the environment (pollute) seriously .二、少数动词如 come , go , arrive , begin , leave , return , start , stay 等，能够用进行时（也能够用普通现在时）表示按计划即将发生动作。I (leave) for Bejing tomorrow .Sally (stay) in her aunts home when she is in

6、Britain .are having Is sleepingis being pollutedam leavingis staying第5页 三、常与always 连用，表示不满或赞扬。1.She always (ask) such silly questions . 2. They always (help) others.不过并不是有always 就总是用进行时，请看：People always (enjoy) laughing , and there always (be) humour . When Crystal is the host of Academy Award , he

7、always _(keep) a toothbrush in his pockets for good luck .is askingare helpinghave enjoyedhas beenkeeps第6页表示感觉、情感、心理状态动词如smell , taste , sound ,look , feel , need hear ,like ,love, hate , know , want , wish , forget 等及be表示“是”、have 表示“有”时，不能用于进行时。不能说：1.We are wanting to take part in the lecture . 2.

8、The food is tasting nice . 3.Kate is knowing the answers.注意！第7页现在完成时 have / has done一、表示过去发生动作对现在产生影响或结果，句中没有详细时间，常与already , never ,ever , yet , just , recently , so far 等连用 。1.She already (come) here . 2. We never (be) in a palace . 3. He (go) to Fuzhou .(去了还没回来)4. He (be) to Fuzhou .（去过已经回来了） 二、在

9、时间 / 条件状语从句中，表示未来某时以完成动作。I will go with you when I (wash) the clothes .has comehave been has gonehas beenhave washed第8页三、表示过去开始动作连续到现在，可能还继续连续下去，常和since ,for 表示一段时间状语，或so far , now , recently ,lately 等词连用。1.So far, Crystal (host ) the show eight times .2.We (study) English for seven years (since 199

10、9 ) .3.Now I (finish) my homework . have studiedhave finishedhas hosted注意短暂性动词（如：come ,go ,return , die , join , marry , buy , leave, get, begin , catch , end , finish 等 ）能够用于完成时，但不能与for ,since 组成短语连用。如：不能说：She has come here for two hours . 只能说 ：She has been here for two hours . 或者说 ： She came here

11、two hours ago .第9页 注意since 引导从只能用普通过去时，主句要用现在完成时。如：We (be) friends ever since we (meet ) at school . 注意 have been metIts the first / second time that I have been to a foreign country.这个句型惯用现在完成时。第10页你会翻译吗？.Its a long time since he joined the army . 2. Its a long time since he was in the army .3.Its

12、four years since my father worked in that factory .4. Its four years since my father started work in that factory .他从军已经很久了。（他还在部队）他不在部队已经很久了。我父亲不在那工厂工作有四年了。我父亲在那家工厂工作有四年了。注意since 从句中短暂性动词可翻译为“自从做某事以来已经多久了”，但延续性动词则应译为“不做某多久了”第11页现在完成进行时have/has been doing表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在，而且很可能还要延续下去。它与现在完成时区分在于

13、：它强调动作延续性，在没有时间状语时，它表示动作（延续性动词）仍在进行，而现在完成时则表示动作已经结束。Look out ! Jim (paint) the door .（强调油漆未干）Jim (paint) the door . (油漆可能已干了) I (wait) for him for an hour but he still hasnt come .There he is ; I _ (wait) for him for an hour .They are tired ; they _ (work) in the field .has been paintinghas paintedh

14、ave been waitinghave waitedhave been working第12页Exercises( )1.A: Are the Browns still in Australia ? B: . Its years since they lived there . A. Yes B. No C. Im not sure . D. Of course( ).When tomorrow , I will serve tea to him . A. he will come B. does he come C. he comes D . will he come( )3.The po

15、lice searching our neighbors house . What do you suppose ? A. are ; has happened B. is ; is happening C. is ; would happen D. were ; did happen ( )4.If you him , please go to his home early . A. will help B. helps C. help D. dont help( )5. Why tired ? I the house the whole morning . A. are you ; hav

16、e cleaned B. do you ; was cleaning C. do you look ; have been cleaning D. are you looking ; am cleaning BCAAC第13页 普通过去时 did ( didnt do) 或 were ( werent) / was ( wasnt) 记住惯用动词过去式和过去分词 一、只表示动作发生在过去，或过去常发生，与现在无关。常与 yesterday , last week,two months /years ago 等连用。而现在完成时则强调过去发生事情对现在产生结果或影响。I ( watch) the

17、 comedy before . I (watch) the comedy last year. have watchedwatched第14页二、用when / where / how 提出疑问句及其答语要用普通过去时。A: Wow, What a big bag ! What you (buy) ?B: I (buy) a lot of books and food .A: When you (buy) them ? B: I (buy) them yesterday morning .A: Where you (buy) them ?B: I (buy) them in a superm

18、arket . But I (not buy) any clothes in it . They are too expensive .So I _any clothes .A: How you (go) ? B: I (take) a motorbike . have boughthave boughtdid buyboughtdid buyboughtdid gotookdidnt buyhavent bought第15页三、普通过去时在虚拟语气中应用用过去式表示对现在事情假设固定句型：Its ( high / about ) time (that) sb. did sth. 表示“（早就

19、）到了该做某事时候了”If I (have) time , I would attend the lecture .I wish it (be) spring all the year round .He looks as if he (be) an artist .If it (be) not for the rain ,the crops would die .Its (high) time we (that) (leave) .2.Its (about) time he (that) _(fetch) his son from school . hadwerewerewereleftfe

20、tched第16页用正确时态填空：1.a) -I cant find my glasses. _ you _ (see) them? b) -Yes. You _ (leave) them in the car yesterday. 2.The tape recorder _ (be) out of order last week. We _ (have) it repaired the day before yesterday. It _ (be) in good condition ever since.3. a) -How _you _ (be) since I _ (see) you

21、last ? b) -Very well, thank you. And you?4. It _ (be) ten years since we _ (part).Haveseenwashadhas been have beensawis/ has been partedleft第17页5. a) -We _ (not see) you for ages! Where _you _ (be)? b) -I _(be) to Scotland?6. I cant lock the door. I _ _ (lose) my key. I _ (lose) it while I _ (be) ou

22、t.7. We _ (know) each other since we _ (be) boys. You _ (not do) what you _ (promise) to do. havent seen have been have been have lost lost washave known havent done promisedwere第18页过去进行时was / were doing一、表示过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行动作。What she (do) this time yesterday ? She (practise) gym. In they (study) in

23、a university . 二、用于故事中情节、场面描写。One morning , a hunter ( walk) through a forest when he met a bear .All the students were busy this afternoon . Some (sweep) the floor . Some (carry) water . Others (clean) the desks and the doors .was doingwas practisingwere studying was walkingwere sweepingwere cleani

24、ngwere carrying第19页三、有些表示“移动”动词：go , come , leave , arrive , set out , take off 等，过去进行式常表示过去未来时。1. John told us they (leave) for London the next week and that they (come) to say goodbye that evening .四、比较普通过去时和过去进行时:1. He was writing a letter yesterday evening . 2.He wrote a letter yesterday evening

25、 . 你知道这两句意思有什么区分吗？1、他昨晚一直在写信。（可能还没写完）2、他昨晚写了一封信。（写完了）were leaving were coming第20页Exercises 1. A: Look , where are you going ? You are walking in the wrong direction. B: Oh , I . A. didnt notice B. wasnt noticing C. havent noticed D. am not noticing 2. A: You neednt have paid for it . B: You are righ

26、t . Nobody the tickets . A. was collecting . B. collected C. had collected D . will collect 3. A: Ouch ! You are standing on my foot . B: Im sorry , but I to A. dont mean B. havent mean C. am not meaning D. didnt mean 第21页用正确时态填空：1. He went (go) towards the fire, which still was s _(smoke).2. While

27、my father was looking (look) through the evening paper, he suddenly let (let) out a cry of surprise.3. When I entered (enter) the room, he didnt see (not see) me. For he was reading (read) something with great interest.4. When we arrived (arrive) at the village, it was getting (get) dark, and the wi

28、nd was blowing (blow) hard.5. I didnt know (not know) you were waiting _(wait) for me here. wentwas smoking was looking letentereddidnt see was reading arrivedwas getting was blowing didnt know were waiting 第22页过去完成时 had done一、表示过去某一时刻或某一事件之前已经发生或完成动作、状态，即“过去过去”，可译成“在那之前已经做了某事”。惯用 by , before , when

29、 等引发时间状语。By the end of last week we (study) five books .I (reach) the station before six oclock .You (be) in this school for a years before / when I came here .had studiedhad reachedhad been第23页二、hope , wish , expect , think , intend , mean , suppose 等过去完成时含义是指“过去没有实现愿望、打算、计划“，也表示”失望“或”惋惜“等情绪。后面常有bu

30、t引发句子作补充说明。1.We (hope) that you would be able to visit us，but you didnt .2.She (think) of adopting an orphan , but was prevented from doing so .3.They (mean) to see us off at the air port , but they got there too latehad hopedhad thoughthad meant第24页If you (come) yesterday , you would have met him .

31、We wish we (arrive) there two hours earlier .He speaks English so fluently as if he (study) English in England before .Only if I (take) his advice .三、在虚拟语气中 had done 表示对过去事情假设。四、在 no sooner than 和 hardly / scarcely / rarely when 句型中表示“刚就”，主句谓语动词用 had done(过去完成时) ，从句中用did（普通过去时） 。I hardly (enter) the

32、 room when I (hear) a loud noise .We no sooner (reach) home than it (begin) to rain .had comehad arrivedhad studiedhad takenhad enteredheardhad reachedbegan第25页用普通过去时态或过去完成时态填空：1. The boy _ (die) in the fight . A bullet _(pass) through his chest.2.The task _ (be) much harder than we _(expect).3. He

33、_ _ (not feel) so well, as he _ (catch) a bad cold.4. She _ _ (be given) a gold medal for what she _ (do) for the country.5. Father _ (cannot go) out that night, for he _ (promise) to wait for Ma Ying at home.6. We _ (not know) you _ (be) so busy the past two years.7. He _ hardly _ (reach) home when

34、 it _(begin) to rain. diedhad passed washad expected didnt feel had caught was given had done couldnt go had promised didnt know had been had reached began第26页普通未来时六种表现形式第27页一、will / shall dowill be表示将要发生动作或情况：When you (be) able to give us an answer ?I (think) it over .We ( not be) free tomorrow .Th

35、e agreement (come) into force next spring .The meeting (not last) long ; just have a little patience .when I (make) the copy ?will thinkshall /will not bewill comewont lastshall make第28页二、be going to do表示打算、准备做事How you (spend) your holidays ?He (be) a host after he graduates .Look at the cIouds .I t

36、hink it (rain) soon .Watch out ! The basin of flowers (fall) .I feel terrible ; I (throw) up . There (be) a lot of trouble about this .are going to spendis going to beis going to rainam going to throwis going to fall表示现在已经有迹象表明即将发生、必定要发生事is going to be第29页愿意be going to 与 will 区分 二者经常能够换用，但be going t

37、o 比较口语化，will 多用于书面语 : What will / is going to happen now ?假如是事先经过考虑就用 be going to , 不然就用 will She (make) you a dress .She has bought some cloth ; she (make) you a dress .be going to 可用以条件分句, 表示未来时, 而 will 则不能,但will 作情态动词表示“愿意”时除外。.If you (call) at Mr. Williams office ,please send a message .(假如你要到威廉

38、姆先生办公室去话，请你给他捎个信。)2.If he （listen） to me , I will give him some advice .(假如他愿意听话，我将给他提几条忠言。)will makeis going to make are going to call will listen 第30页三、be doing 表示未来时，主要表示按计划、安排将要发生动作或事。请看前面第张：现在进行时四、普通现在时表示未来，仅限于一些动词，表示按计划安排要发生事。请看前面第张：普通现在时第31页五、be to do 表示按计划安排要发生事或用来征求对方意见，也惯用于宣传官方计划或决定，以及禁止、命

39、令等。1. We (produce) more electricity this year . I (go) on with the work ? = Shall I go on with the work ?3.When they (hand) in their plan ?4.The park (not open) to the public after six oclock .5.Team One (get) some water ; Team Two (dig) holes and Team Three (plant) the young trees .6.The letter (ha

40、nd) to him in person .are to produceAm to goare to hand is not to openare to getare to digare to plantis to be handed第32页be to do 还能够表示一、想要做事二、以后将（注定）要发生事He (regret) this decision .（这决定他未来是会后悔。）The worst still （come）.（最糟糕情况还在后头。）In the next ten years they (work) together in the same unit .（以后十年他们将在一

41、个单位一道工作。）I must continue to learn if I (make) further progress .If we (succeed) , we must rely on the masses .am to makeare to succeedis to regretis to comeare to work第33页六、be about to 表示即将发生某事，因为它本身带有“即将”之意，所以不能与表示未来时间状语连用，但常与when 引发时间状语连用，表示“即将做某事时突然另一事发生了”。它也不带有说话人主观打算。He (retire) . We (leave) when the telephone rang .3. Autumn harvest (start) .不能说：1.The train is about to leave at 5:20 . 2. She is about to attend the meeting this afternoon.能够说：1.The train is about to leave . 2.She is about to attend the meeting .is