转博03放疗外语

1、 P53 is a well-known tumor suppressor gene in a wide variety of cancers . Apoptosisrepresentsa major responseofcellsto cytotoxic cancertherapies,including radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Wild-type p53 protein can suppress and promote apoptosis and is a transcriptional t the of other genes including p

2、21/WAF1、Bax and relative-angiogenesis gene. Wilt-type p53 gene functions P53 is a well-known tumor suppressor gene in a wide variety of cancers . Apoptosisrepresentsa major responseofcellsto cytotoxic cancertherapies,including radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Wild-type p53 protein can suppress and pro

3、mote apoptosis and is a transcriptional t the of other genes including p21/WAF1、Bax and relative-angiogenesis gene. Wilt-type p53 gene functions as p53 plays a key role on cell cycle control and lly in stressed cell by irradiation 、cytotoxicity agent or hyperthermia inhibits proliferation of tumor c

4、ell. Irradiation kills tumor cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Wild-type p53 promotes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of tumor cells following irradiation, while mu ed p53 abrogate this response. A mu ion the p53 gene n 50% of all human tumors and is the most genetic abnormality fou

5、nding in human cancers, inducing incurable to irradiation to correlate wild-type p53 very e in patients with cancer. Thus o tumor cells which have p53 abnormality radiosensitivity of tumor cells. Pre-clinical studies both in vitro and in vivo t restoration of p53 function can induce apoptosis in can

6、cer cells and radiosensitivity of tumor cells. Adeno -mediated p53 gene transfer y restored spontaneous apoptosis and, most importantly, substantiallyradiation-induced apoptosis. The t the cells were sensitized to cytotoxic effects of irradiation.These pport the use of p53 gene therapy as new adjuva

7、nt to radiation in treatment of malignant tumors cancer therapy.es a strategy Despite in surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, survival patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck has not significantly improved over the past 30 years. However, the majority of the patients with canc

8、ers.Locally recurrent or refractory disease is particularly difficult to treat. surgical resection and/or radiotherapy are often sible, and long-term results salvage chemotherapy are poor. In advanced head and neck squamous cell (HNSCC), the five-year survival rate is n 30%。Recent in therapy have be

9、enapp dtorecurrentsquamous cell carcinoma of thehead andneck. Many of these techniques are now in clinical trials and have shown some efficacy.Nasopharyngeal carcinomas are middle sensitive to radiation therapy. Radiotherapy was thetreatmentofchoicefor allstages of nasopharyngeal cancer.The results

10、in patients with stages I and II disease are excellent, and radiation therapy has remained the initial therapy for these patients. However, the majority of the with this disease present with locally advanced disease, lly stage IIIcancers. Despitetheexcellent initialtumorclearancewithradiationtherapy

11、inpatients with locally advanced disease (stage III and IV), locoregional recurrence rates high. n 80% ofthese patients recurredwithin 2 years, andthe 5-year waspoor.the5-yearsurvivalrateforthesepatientsisusuallynTumors of 53 patients were injected with doses of up to 1 X waspoor.the5-yearsurvivalra

12、teforthesepatientsisusuallynTumors of 53 patients were injected with doses of up to 1 X ( VP ), either by nasopharyngoscopy or with supersound-guidance, they were treated by external beam irradiation (EBRT ) from eitherkly.3daylater, ecobalt 60 or linear accelerator using 6 MeV photons.The RT techni

13、ques were he group, patients were treated using a conventional fractionation schemes with dose delivered to the primary site (for le nasopharynx) and neck node with 2 Gy per fraction to atotal of 70 Gy in35 fractions, 5 days a k. Patients were monitored for adverse events and antiadenoviral antibodi

14、es, tumors were monitored for response. A comparative study was also performed on the response rate at 40 Gy, 70 Gy and 2 months after treatment completion bet patients treated by GTRT and those treated by RT alone.n cellof head and neck，HNSCC 。 %, 具有足够的造血功能（）和肝肾功能（ASTALT 、BUN 和 患者按随机表被随机被分配入治疗结合放疗组genetherapyGTRT ) 或单纯放疗对照组( radiotherapy alone, RT ) （UICC ）必答题(40分，肿瘤学专业考生必答)：一 填空题（每空 0.5 分，共 2 分）三维适形放疗可以达到对肿瘤三高，即 高精度， 高剂量，高 ；和对周围