经贸专业英语1999试题答案

1、1. ASIA:ONEYEAROn对外经济贸易大学国际贸易专业英语试题ofAsiasworstinhalfacentury,itipatedjustayearago.Thefulcrumofgrowthisslowlyshiftinga senescent Japan and stagnant Southeast Asiato a dynamic, confidentonsremarkablejourneywill1. ASIA:ONEYEAROn对外经济贸易大学国际贸易专业英语试题ofAsiasworstinhalfacentury,itipatedjustayearago.Thefulcr

2、umofgrowthisslowlyshiftinga senescent Japan and stagnant Southeast Asiato a dynamic, confidentonsremarkablejourneywilllikelymarkthistectonicshiftof updomestic-ledeconomicgrowth,incontrastwithFundspolicyoferestrates,andJapansweakyan-and-exportpush.By housing,invitingforeigninvestment,isincreasingdome

3、sticdemandandng renminbistable,ChinasharesmanyofwoesafflictingAsia-insolvents,regulatoryenforcement,andcorruption.Yetitsvigorinattackingtheseanditstooptforastrongcurrencysetitapartandshowrealofreform,itspoliticalandbureaucraticelitesdenythereisanythingnsaResolutionTrustCorp.-typeunit.Meanwhile,theun

4、employmentratesoarsrecords.Amongmen,whoconstitutemostofthelaborforce,ithitay,isworsefortheyoung.Thejoblessrateformen15to24yearsoldrosetoForeigninvestmentshouldbeoreinvigorategrowth,butlittleallowed.Mergersandacquisitionsshouldbeconsolidatingcompanies,butfewpermitted.Immigrantsshouldbearrivingtogiven

5、ewlifetosocietyandtheelderly,buttheyareforbidden.OutsideCEOsshouldbeercorporations, but is not accepted. As much as China is invigorated, Japan is stultified. The contrast is startling.SOUTHESATASIAisinagony.Ahugenascentmiddleclassisbeingpushedopoverty.islooming.Indonesiaisdeindustrializing,withleav

6、ingcitiestoreturntovillages.merchantsarefleeing(uptohave left). Overseas t funded much of Southeast Asias past decatedofgrowthisdrying者业4.3%，青少年的情况则更糟，15化被。2.FRAMEWORKThe Framework Agreementis made upof six tlayoutthebasicoftheGATS.Thesixpartsdealwith(1)thescopeanddefinition业4.3%，青少年的情况则更糟，15化被。2.FR

7、AMEWORKThe Framework Agreementis made upof six tlayoutthebasicoftheGATS.Thesixpartsdealwith(1)thescopeanddefinitionofobligations, and disciplines of member concerningspecificcommitmentsofmembers liberalizating the worlds trade in servies, (3)obligations and disciplines es,(4)aschedulefor,(5)theinsti

8、tutionalstructureimplementingtheGATS,and(6)miscellaneousWhilemuchoftheGATSisbasedontheseralAgreementTariffsandTradeandusesmuchofthesameterminology,the“architecture”setofthetapplytoallmeasuresaffectingtradeingoods,thecontains two sets of obligations (1) a set of general principles and ttoallmeasuresa

9、ffectingtradeint apply only to specific sectors Schedule.Theconsequenceofthisand(2)asetofprinciplesandsubsectorsofobligationin a member ttheprinciplesheGATS,asweshallsee,arelessnheGATSGATS是，GATS中的3. ESOFTaxationschemesareusuallycreatedforthreebasices:(1)to revenueovernment;(2)toencourage,regulate,or

10、restrictlocalorinvestment;and(3)toprotectconsumersorlocalproducers.TherationaleFor le,themultinationaloiltdiscoveredanddevelopedpetroleumheMiddleEastencouragedtheernmentstoealmove.Thecountries,nrcentageroyaltyinvestment;and(3)toprotectconsumersorlocalproducers.TherationaleFor le,themultinationaloilt

11、discoveredanddevelopedpetroleumheMiddleEastencouragedtheernmentstoealmove.Thecountries,nrcentageroyaltyon(whichwasthearrangementoriginallyagreedto),edetaxoneforbothataslightlyercentage.Theresultwasanincreaseernments.(Royalties,bycontrast,ostcountries-beusedtoeventhoughtheywerepayingmoretothehostcoun

12、tries,theirafter-taxwerelarge.Asecondgreaternasaleshelastthirtyyears,somefortyhaveswitchedto,oradopteddirectly,aVAT.Bycontrast,themostdifficultschemeovernmentstoalteristprotectslocalproducts.Producerscommonlyabletolobbyernmenttoainaparticularscheme,evenitmayruncontrarytoernmentalobjectives.However,t

13、heprotectionlocalproducersisnotsarilyafrivolousrationalforataxscheme,eventimes of ernationalVAT合4. PAYMENTUnlessotherwiseagreedinwriting,ordfromapriorcourseofntheparties,paymentofthepriceandofanyothersumsduebythetotheSellershallbeonopenaccountandtimeofpaymentshallbe30daysto the Sellers heSellers cou

14、ntry for accountoftheSellerandtheBuyershallbedeemedtohaveperformedhisobligationswhentherespectivesumsduehavebeenreceivedbytheSellersinyavailablefunds.Ifthepartieshaveagreedonpaymentinwithoutfurtherindication,itwillbetsuchadvancepayment,ttheadvancepaymentmustotherwiseagreed,referstothefullprice,recei

15、ved bythe Sellers iny available east30 daysobligationswhentherespectivesumsduehavebeenreceivedbytheSellersinyavailablefunds.Ifthepartieshaveagreedonpaymentinwithoutfurtherindication,itwillbetsuchadvancepayment,ttheadvancepaymentmustotherwiseagreed,referstothefullprice,received bythe Sellers iny avai

16、lable east30 daystheagreeddateofdeliveryorthestdateheagreeddeliveryIf advance s been agreed onlyfora partofthe contract price, the conditionsoftheremainingamountwillbedeterminedaccordingtotheruleshis30方5. TYPES OFCash Dividends.The mostcustomary typeof dividendis the cash dividendandpaidatervalsdepe

17、ndinginamountuponthepolicyofdirectorsandearningsoftherise.to“regular”dividendsacharterorcontractareconsideredasreferringtoadistributionoftheheformofcash.Whiledividendsarealmostinvariablypaidinin a few instanadistributionofearningshasbeenmadetoshareholders form of property and has been termed a prope

18、rty dividend. On one occadistillerydeclaredandpaidadividendinbondedwhiskey.StockDividends.,a dividend isa ratable distribution of additionalshares of the capital stock ofthe corporationtoitsshareholders.Itisreflectedonthebooksofthebyareductioninsurplusaccountequaltotheamountofthestockdividendandcorr

19、esponding he ed capital account. The practical and significanceofastockdividenddiffersyfromadividendpayableinor property. Following the payment ofa stockdividend, the assets of the arenontheywerebefore,andtheshareholderdoesveanyhe networth ofthenhehad beforesiblywherethedividendis paidinsharesofadif

20、ferentclass.Hisshareseachrepresentaheassetsofthebutbyreasonofthehenumber of shareshistotalinvestmentwill thesame.Thedeclarationandpaymentofastockdividendtsurplusmay havebeenpreviouslyavailablefordistributionorotherusesisfrozen ined capital. A stock dividend should not be confused stock Bythelatter,e

21、achoftheedandoutstandingsharesissimplybrokedoagreaternumberofshares,eachrepresentingyhesurplus account. Where there is morenoneclassofsharesoutstandingitis sibleforeitherastockdividend orastock splitinoneclasstoalterrelativevotingstrengthofthedifferent的6.SAVINGANDsurplus account. Where there is more

22、noneclassofsharesoutstandingitis sibleforeitherastockdividend orastock splitinoneclasstoalterrelativevotingstrengthofthedifferent的6.SAVINGANDTheartof the research, however, has o therelationship ninflationandthesavingsratio.Mostofthestudieshavefounda itiveconnection bet nthesetwovariables,butthereis

23、somedisagreementastowhytheinflation rate should affect the savings ratio. One theory (Deaton 1977)explains relationship ermsofconsumersfailingtoperceive tactualrateofThe suggestion t consumers underestimate the average price level and therefore unduly shocked at the apparently sive” he price particu

24、lar commodities. Until such time as consumers recognize the true (and levelofaverage,purchasesofthesecommoditieswillhavebeencutbackresponsetothemedsharpincreaseinindividual.Savingswillriseasaresultofthis“inflationsurprise”effect.Thistheorytitistmatters,heearlystagesofinflationtherefore savings, will be particularly therateofinflationistlongas if inflation is ipated the savings ratio will increase ipatedinflation