2023考研英语基础班讲义

1、 考研英语根底班讲义根底词汇 主编：Ada 司内部讲义翻版必究考研英语根底词汇内部讲义本次课程根本情况介绍：授课时间：2、授课目标：1掌握考研真题中常考高频词汇和短语2熟悉根底阶段词汇备考方向3、授课特点：1直击重点，把握核心词汇考点，提高综合应试能力。2笔记较多，互动性强。4、授课思路：以真题为中心进行核心词汇全面透彻剖析第一章：单词记忆方法“三分原那么分 频一：认知词汇“三分原那么分 频二：高频词汇“三分原那么“三分原那么分 题一：写作词汇“三分原那么分 题二：阅读词汇“三分原那么“三分原那么阅读词汇分 类 一：专业词汇“三分原那么阅读词汇分 类 二：熟词生义“三分原那么阅读词汇分 类 三

2、：固定搭配“三分原那么阅读词汇分 类 四：构词方法一熟词生义180%可猜想例1.women are particularly likely to develop depression and anxiety disorder in response to stress compared to men.例2.Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 millionsmokers went to early graves.例3.The Supreme Courts decisions on phy

3、sician-assisted suicide carry importantimplications for how medicine seeks torelieve dying patients of pain and suffering. 2)20%特殊含义例1.I dig your sister. You got a beef with me?You cannot pick one me just because i got a pretty face.例2.Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserv

4、e of people alone.译文：义愤填膺似乎并非只是人类所特有的。例3:During the same period,families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income.例4.“Theres no career counseling implicit in all of this. Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a p

5、articular database; when you get E-mail, consider it a reminder to check the database again. The expression “tip service (Line 4, Paragraph 3) most probably means.A advisory. B compensation. C interaction. D reminder.例5.Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to fin

6、ish college. “I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape to go to school, and get ahead and do better. Later her marriage ended and she became a single mother: “Its the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, p

7、ay the car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck.24.The sentence “I lived from paycheck to paycheck(line6.para.5)shows that_.A. Alvarez cared about nothing but making money.B. Alvarezs salary barely covered her household expenses.C. Alvarez got paychecks from different jobs.D.

8、 Alvarez paid practically everything by check.二构词猜词法例1.Contemporary/contemptuous/contemptible/contemplativePresident/preside/resident/reside/residence/subsidyPerish/persevere/perplex/perceive例2.Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilberts appointment in the Times, calls him “anunpretentious musician w

9、ith no air of the formidable conductor about him.Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is _.A influentialB modestC respectableD talented例3.In spite of “endless talk of difference, American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people.The word “homogenizing (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most pr

10、obably means_.A. identifying B. associating C. assimilating D. monopolizing总结写作词汇写作技巧ObviousGoodBadAdvantageDisadvantage遣词造句：some folks argue thathas some merits,which can be listed as follows. Initially,. additionally,. accordingly,.It is apparent that the cartoonist endeavors to put a spotlight on

11、_, which is one of the most essential qualities in the Middle Kingdom.常见猜词方法重述猜词法例1.In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.例2.But one insidious form continues to

12、thrive: alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.例3.We live in a society in which the medical and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet

13、a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves.20.The word “pervasive (line 1, paragraph 2) might meanA widespreadB overwhelmingC piercingD fashionable例4.In this intensely and fiercely competitive society, collaboration is on no account an option

14、 but a must if he or she has an urge to attain success. Stated in another way, one will accomplish nothing if he or she lacks this quality.2.逻辑猜词法连接词猜词法例1.Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal例 2.This is no flash in the pan; over the pa

15、st couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America.29.The sentence “This is no flash in the pan (line 5, paragraph 3) means that.A the low inflation rate will last for some timeB the inflation rate will soon riseC the inflation will disappear quicklyD ther

16、e is no inflation at present例3.Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in the everyday performance of his routine duties he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufacture evidence, or doctor his reports. 例4.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor

17、biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.17. A Even B Still C Yet D Only例5.All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a childcommitting a criminal act, 20a direct causal relati

18、onship has not yet beenestablished.20. A provided B since C although D supposing例6.For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. _3_ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an _4_ of good health. A Instead B However C Likewise D Therefore3.实词

19、/虚词猜词法例1.As the economy picks up, opportunitiesfor aspiring leaders will abound.例2.Americans machine-tool industry was on the rope.例3.clouds may come,but clouds must go,and they all have a silver lining. For behind each cloud, the sun, or moon is shining.例4.When it comes to the slowing economy, Elle

20、n Spero isnt biting her nails just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isnt cutting, filing or polishing as many nails as shed like to, either. 31. By “Ellen Spero isnt biting her nails just yet (Line 1, Paragraph 1), the author means_.A Spero can hardly maintain her business.B Spero is too much eng

21、aged in her work.C Spero has grown out of her bad habit. D Spero is not in a desperate situation.通过感情色彩猜词例 1.“Benefits have been weighed 20“harmful outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult.Aabove Bupon Cagainst Dwith例2.Michelle Obama has launched a high-visibility campaign _childhood obes

22、ity even admitting that it represents our greatest national security threat.AforBagainstCwithDwithout例 3.his argument is that the unusual history of these people has_45_ them to unique evolutionary pressure that have resulted in this_ state of affairs.A. limited B.subjected C.converted D.directed五近义

23、辨析 近形辨析 区分义项近义辨析:名词：例1.By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 million _ of these nations looked hopefully to the futureA natives B inhabitantsC peoples D individuals.例2.When homeless individuals manage to find a _ that will give them three m

24、eals a day and a place to sleep at nightAlodging Bshelter Cdwelling Dhouse例3.The speaker who does not have specific words in his working vocabulary may be 9 to explain or describe in a 10 that can be understood by his listeners.10.A case B meansCmethodDway例4.These receptors are the cells which sense

25、 smells and send 11 to the brain. 11. Asigns Bstimuli Cmessages Dimpulses动词：例148enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for 49 vitamins. 48. (A) Supplying (B) Getting (C) Providing (D) Furnishing例2.Too often, careless use of words 3 a meeting of the minds of th

26、e speaker and listener. The words used by the speaker may 4 unfavorable reactions in the listener 5 interfere with his comprehension; hence, the transmission-reception system breaks down.3.A encouragesB preventsC destroyD offers例3.When workingonradio, for example, they had become 2 to seeingonbehalf

27、 ofthelistener.Aexperienced B determined C established D accustomed 例4.Changes in the social structure may directly_juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that lead to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment in general make gainful employment increasingly difficu

28、lt to obtain. (2004)A.affect B.reduce C.check D. reflect 形容词：例1.A variety of small clubs can provide 30 opportunities for leadership.30.A durable B excessive C surplus D multiple例2.The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it14 to keep all smell receptors working all th

29、e time but can 15 new receptors if necessary. 14. Aineffective Bincompetent CinefficientDinsufficient15. Aintroduce Bsummon Ctrigger Dcreate近形辨析例1.Economic /economical; economy; economizecontemptuous；contemptible; contemplative; contemporaryIntellect; intellectual; intelligence; intelligent; 例2.In a

30、 significant 2 of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a 3 bill that will propose making payments to witnesses 44.AillogicalB illegalC improbableD improper例3.A man respires, aspires,perspires,inspires,and finally expires.核心词根，词缀时间前缀之前：fore-/pre-/ex-/pro-For

31、e-1foremost最前面的，最重要的，一流的2foresee预见3forefather先父Pre-/pri-predict预言，预告，预测precede先于，优于6preface前言，开端7) premium 保险；奖金8prehistoric史前的9preschool学龄前的，幼儿园10prime最初，最好的，一流的11primitive原始的12privilege给予特权13prior优先的，在前的14priority 优先权Pro-professor 教授Confess：坦诚，坦白； 忏悔Frank:坦白的；坦率的prospect 前景 17propel 推进；驱使2.之后：post

32、1postmodern2postwar同时：co-/com-/con-/cor-/col-/cor-Co-1cooperate 合作2coordinate 协调，调整Col-4colleague 同事，同僚5collaborate 合作，通敌6collocation 排列；搭配6concur 同时发生Com-7)combine 结合8compact 合同；协定9compensate 赔偿compel 迫使compassion 同情；怜悯Passion:激情Cor-correspondent 通讯员；记者媒体类常用术语：Con-contact 碰；接触；联系contract 合同；契约confl

33、ict 冲突16confess 坦白；忏悔17condemn 谴责18confine 局限；限制19contaminate 污染；20contemplate 沉思；凝视再次：re-1reconstruct 重建，改造2redefine 重新定义3remold 改造，重塑reevaluate 再评估5recycle 再循环6reclassify 重新分类名词后缀表示“人或职业者意义的名词后缀：-ist/-er/-or/-ee/-eer/-ant/-an/-ian/-ent/-ist1Typist2psychologist3linguist4geneticist5therapist6activis

34、t积极行动者；活泼分子Activity：积极性；活泼度；行动，活动7nationalist-er/-or8drawer9bachelor10carrier11conductor12ancestor-eer13sightseer14volunteer15pioneer-ee16employee17refugee18examinee19trainee20payee-ant21immigrant22descendant23consultant24applicant25assistant-an26Italian27politician28librarian29physician30historianI

35、ndianCivilian-ent31correspondent32client33president34agent2.抽象名词：-hood 身份，性质，时代/-ship 状态；性质/-dom/-ance/-ence 性质；状态/-tion/-sion/-cion 动作；状态/-sim 主义/-ment/-ness/-ery/-age状态；集合；/-al/-ing/-ity/-ics/-ty-hood1Livelihood 生活；生计；营生2neighbourhood 居住区；周边地区；接近3)likelihood 可能；可能性4adulthood成年；成年期-ship5Scholarship

36、 奖学金；学术；学识6ownership 所有权；所有制；物主身份7hardship 困苦；苦难8leadership 领导；带路；指引；领导能力-dom9freedom 自由10kingdom 界；领域；王国-ance/-ence11)Allowance允许；津贴；补贴12)performance 表现；表演13)appliance 器具；机械；家用电器14)insurance 保险-cion/-tion/-sion15)Consumption 消费；肺病；耗尽16)depression 洼地；盆地；抑郁；抑郁症；不景气；低气压17)invasion 入侵；侵略；侵犯；侵袭18)assimi

37、lation 同化；19)modernization 现代化21)notification 通知；通告；告示22)desperation 绝望；孤注一掷-ism22)Consumerism 消费主义；23)racism 种族主义24)journalism新闻业25)optimism 乐观；乐观主义26)feminism女权运动；女权主义；-ment27)requirement 要求28)payment 报答；报应；付款29)treatment 治疗；疗法；处理；对待30)argument 争吵；论证；论据31)appointment 约会；任命；职务-ness32)consciousness

38、意识33)casualness 随便34)illness 疾病-cy35)efficiency 效率36)emergency紧急情况；突发事件；非常时刻37)tendency 趋势；倾向；癖好38)literacy 读写能力；精通文学-age39)luggage 行李；皮箱40)storage存储；仓库；贮藏所41)lineage 血统；42)passage段落；经过；通路43)shortage缺乏；缺少；缺乏44)shrinkage 收缩；减轻45)usage使用；用法；惯例-al46)professional专业的；职业的；专业人员47)individual 个人的；个体的；个人；个体48

39、)approval 批准；认可；赞成49)arrival 到来；到达；降临50)removal 移除；移动；搬迁；免职-ity51)similarity 相似性52)personality个性；品质；名人53)uniformity一致；同样；均匀性54)curiosity 好奇；珍品；古董；古玩-ics55)ethics 伦理学；道德标准56)economics 经济学；国家的经济状况；57)electronics 电子学58)mechanics 机械学；力学专业前缀1.生命，生物：bio-1biology生物学2biological生物学的3biologist生物学家4biotic生物的5b

40、iomass生物数量6biomedical生物医学的7bioethics生物伦理学8biography传记9biographical传记的10biographer传记作者人：anthro-/demo-1anthropology人类学2democracy民主3democratic民主的4democratizing民主化的5demographics人口统计学自己，自动：self-/auto-1self-confident自信的2self-restrained自我克制的3automatic自动的，机械的4automobile汽车5autonomous自治的6auto-pilot自动驾驶基因，天生1g

41、ene基因2genetics遗传学3genius天赋，天才4gender性别神经：neuro-1neurology神经学2neurologist神经学者，神经科专精神、心理：ment- / psych-1mental精神的，心理的2psychology心理学3 psychological心理的4psychologist心理学家5psychiatry精神病学生态、环境：eco-1ecology生态学2eco-system生态系统8.地球：geo-1geology地质学2geography地理学3geometry几何学4geophysics地球物理学社会：soci-1society社会，社团2so

42、cial社会的3sociology社会学4econometric计量经济学的5socioeconomic社会经济学的经济：econo-1economy经济2economic经济的3economics经济学4econometric计量经济学的5socioeconomic社会经济学的11.远：tele-1television电视2telephone 3telescope望远镜4telegraph电报5telecommunications长途通讯，电信，6teleconference远程会议态度前缀反对：anti-/counter-/contra-/para-/op-Anti:1anti-smoki

43、ng反对吸烟的2anti-patent反专利3anti-consumerism反消费主义4anti-intellectualism反唯智论5antibacterial抗菌的Counter:6counter-culture反传统文化7counterpart对立的人或物8counteract抵消，中和，阻碍9counterbalance平衡力Contra-10contrary相反的11contrast比照，对照，差异12contradict反驳，同.相矛盾13controversial有争议的op-14)Opponent15)Optimistic16)optimism17)opposePara-1

44、8)Parade19)paralyze20)parallel21)paradise2.支持：pro-22Pro-slavery23pro-American否负前缀1.In-/im-/ill-/ir-In-1inequality 不平等2incompetent 不合格的，不胜任的3inconclusive 非决定的，尚无定论的4insensitive 不敏感的im-5)immense 无限的6)impair 削弱ill-7impoverished 穷困的8illogical 不合逻辑的9illiquid 非流动资金的Ir-10irregular 不规那么的，无规律的11irrelevant 不相

45、关的，不切题的2.un-1uncover 揭开；揭露2unanswered未被答复的3unexpected想不到的，意外的4unemployment失业5unparalleled无比的，空前的6unsurpassed未被超越的，非常卓越的7unprecedented空前的8unsustainable不可持续性的9unfavorable令人不快的，不顺10) undo 取消；解开；松开11unveil 揭开面纱；揭露3.non-1nonstop不停的2nonsense胡说，废话3nonverbal不用语言的4non-standard不标准的5non-celebrity非名人6non-econom

46、ic没有经济价值的4.否认：dis-1disappear 消失2disbelief疑心3disorder杂乱，混乱，无秩序状态4disclose 揭示；泄露5discount 打折6disclaim放弃，弃权，拒绝7disintegrate使分解，使碎裂8disadvantage不利，缺点，劣势9discouraging令人气馁的10dispassioned 冷静的11discard 丢弃；抛弃12dispose 放置；处理5. 不好：de-1degenerate衰退；堕落2deficiency 缺乏，缺乏3detrimental 有害的4delinquency 不良行为5devastatin

47、g 毁坏性的6destruction 毁坏；消灭7deduce 推论；演绎出8decode 解码6.不好：ill- / mal-1ill-treat虐待，不公正对待2ill-manage管理不善3ill-mannered态度恶劣的，粗野的4ill-informed消息不灵通的错误：mis-1misuse错用，误用，滥用2mistrust不信任，猜疑3misunderstand误解4misguide误导5misleading误导的6misdeed罪行，犯罪7misinformation误报，误传8misconception误解9misinterpret误译，曲解10misfortune不幸，灾祸

48、8.假的：pseudo- / hypo-1pseudo-science伪科学2hypothesis假设3hypocrisy伪善4hypocritical伪善的9.继：step-1step-mother继母2step-father继父方程前缀里面：in-/im- 外面：ex-/e-1import 进口 export 出口 Extreme 极端的；尽头的include 包含 exclude 排除在外involve 卷入，涉及 evolve 进化immigrant 移民 emigrant 移民intranet 内联网6extraordinary 不寻常的，非凡的，特别的7elaborate 精心的；

49、详尽的 vt：精心制作；详细阐述8eliminate 取消9enormous 巨大的10emerge 浮现；出现11exceed 超出；超过12expand 膨胀；扩张13expense 花费；消费；消耗2.旁边：side- / by- / vice-1side effect 副作用2Sideline：副业；兼职3by-product 副产品4bypass 旁道；支路5vice-president 副总统上： up-1upside上面，好的一面2uphold支持，赞成3upload上传4upscale升档，高档的4.上： over-1over-confident 过于自信的2overfishe

50、d 过度捕捞的3overburndened 负担过重的4overcharge 要价过高5overestimate 过高评估6overflow 溢出；外溢7overhear 俯瞰；疏忽 v 无意中听到；偷听8overwhelming 势不可挡的；压倒性的5. 上： super-1superb 极好的，卓越的，杰出的2superior 较好的，优于的3superstar 超级明星，巨星4superficial 外表的，浅薄的5superstition 迷信6superfluous 多余的；过多的7supreme 至高的；6.上： out-1outlive比.活的时间长2outweigh在重量上超过

51、，比.重要3outsize特大的4outdate过时7.上：sur-1surplus 盈余；过剩；多余2surname 姓3survey 俯瞰；全面审视；调查4surface 浅薄的；外表的5)surpass 超过；胜过8.下： down-1downside下面的，不利方面2download下载3downscale缩减规模9.下：de-1despair 绝望2depression 沮丧，抑郁症，经济下：under-1underestimate 过低估计2under-nutrition 营养不良3undertreatment 治疗不充分11.下：sub-1subtitle副标题2suburban

52、郊区的3subconscious下意识的4submerge 淹没5subordinate 次要的；附属的；下级的6substantial 巩固的；实质的；大量的12.中间：mid-/med-/mod-1)middle-class 中产阶级2media 媒体3medieval 中世纪的；老式的4model 模型动词后缀使之.：-en / -ify / -ize / -ateawaken 唤醒broaden 扩大；放宽-ifyjustify 证明.是正当的Exemplify 例证Simplify 简化；使单纯Signify 暗示；意味；表示Testify 作证；证明；说明；说明Identify 识

53、别；鉴别Qualify 使具有资格；证明合格Modify 更改；修改-atededicate 奉献；献身；Differentiate 区别；区分；区分Humiliate 羞辱；使丢脸；耻辱13assimilate 同化Ize-popularize 普及15visualize 想象En-/em-16)embarrass 为难17embed 嵌入18encounter 遇到；遭遇19endure 忍耐力20enlighten 启发；启蒙21endeavor 努力；尽力 形容词后缀-ing / -ed1developing 开展中的2developed 兴旺的3tiring 引起疲劳的，累人的4ti

54、red 疲劳的，疲倦的5underrated 被低估的6emerging 新兴的2. -ful1skillful 有技巧的，熟练的2respectful 尊敬人的，有礼貌的3. -able1respectable 受人尊敬的2imaginable 可以想象的3controllable 可控制的4measurable 可测量的4. -less1tireless 不知疲倦的2meaningless 没有意义的3hopeless 没有希望的4effortless 不费力气的5aimless 没有目标的5. -like1childlike 像孩子似的2godlike 像上帝一样的6.-ward1inw

55、ard 向内的2upward 向上的3forward 向前的4eastward 朝向东面的7.-ward1nationwide 全国的2worldwide 全世界的8.-wise1clockwise 顺时针2iQ-wise智商方面的9.-free1toll-free 免费的2stress-free 没有压力的3carefree 无忧无虑的Smoke-free 加强语气的前缀A-access 进入；入口Acclaim 欢呼；称赞Accuse 指责；控告Affirm 断言；肯定Addict 沉溺于Aggravate 恶化；加重；加强第三章核心词汇 熟词生义1.smarta smart person

56、smart clothesa smart robot2.humblea man of humble origina humble attitudea humble therapy3. nativenative languagenative forestnative ability / intelligence4. commoncommon ancestor / language / interestcommon people / sense / pastime5.runrun a companyrun a studycommon run of men6. observeIts interest

57、ing to observe a childs behavior.sb. observe that . .Everybody should observe the terms of a contract.7.obligeHe was obliged to go.I am much obliged to you for your generous help.We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as thepeoples who spoke them died out or beca

58、me assimilated and lost their native languages.8. agechronological / mental agecomputer /digital / information age9. contextthe context within which we now livetalk about habits in the context of creativity and innovation10. fortunefortune-tellerfamily fortunes11. trafficTraffic jamuser traffic of a

59、 website12. casea case of flua legal caseIn any case, we should try our best.13. subjectsubjects such as anthropology, economics and ecology, etc.The experiment involved 12 subjects.subject A to B14. fieldtrack and fieldAnthropology is a field-oriented discipline.neurology, genetics and other fields

60、He is fielding tough questions from the press.15. figurepublic figures such as Tom Hanksthe figures about the extinct animals are conservativTry to figure out who you are first.16. accountbank / savings accounttake . into accountaccording to the account of the experimentOptimism is considered of muc