作后置定语短语与非谓语动词归类

1、作后置定语的短语及非谓语动词的归类一、作后置定语的短语源自于原定语从句。A、形容词短语Aproblem(which/thatis)difficulttosolve.Hardtoworkout.Easytohandle.Anactor(who/thatis)famousforhisfineacting.AsMaster.Tousall.Arichman(who/thatis)content/satisfied/pleasedwithwhathehas.Aking(who/thatis)proudofhissuccess.=(takingprideinhissuccess.)Thestudent(

2、who/thatis)anxioustokeepupwithothers.Aschool(which/thatis)farawayfromhere.Thehouse(which/thatis)differentfromours.Theword(which/thatis)commontomostlanguages.Something(thatis)wrongwiththewatch.(=thematter/thetroublewiththewatch.)Theteacher(who/thatis)responsiblefortheclass.(=inchargeoftheclass.)Abask

3、et(which/thatis)fullofeggs.(=filledwitheggs.)Aboy(who/thatis)eagertogo.(=anxioustogo.)Aman(who/thatis)readytodieforjustice.Aman(who/thatis)afraidofmakingenemies.(=afraidtomakeenemies.)Books(which/thatare)easytodigest.Astate(which/thatis)similartomine.Anopinion(which/thatis)contrarytoours.Aman(who/th

4、atis)oftenforgetfulhispromise.Customs(which/thatis)peculiartoJapanese.Acondition(which/thatis)unfavourabletotheenterprise.Agirl(who/thatis)ashamedofplayingsobadly.Acity(which/thatis)well-knownforitshotspring.介词短语aman(who/thatis)ofhonour.(=anhonouredman.=anhonorableman)amountain(which/thatis)ofgreath

5、eight(=averyhighmountain)amatter(which/thatis)ofnoimportance(=anunimportantmatter)achild(who/thatis)withouthome(=ahomelesschild)theman(who/thatis)atthedoor.Thebook(which/thatis)onthedesk.Theshop(which/thatis)oppositethepostoffice.Aman(who/thatis)withcurlyhair.Aspecialistinchestdisease.Anxietyaboutyo

6、ursafety.SatisfactionwithyourworkInterestinyourstudyIdeasbehindthetimesThemaninchargeNothoughtaboutgettingmarriedNotroubleaboutsmokingAlectureaboutsmokingHisdreamaboutbecomingrichAproposalaboutbuildingabridgeThenewsathomeandabroadConcernathearingthenewsDisappointatnothavingreceivedaninvitationPridea

7、tmeetingTomagainExcitementathearingthewordThereasonfordoingitMedicineforcuringfools名词词组和副词词组等adesk(which/thatis)twometresinwidetheplace(which/thatistothe)eastofChinachildrenasyoungassevenpeoplemorethansixtythemenoverthere后置和前置问题有些形容词作定语时必定后置whatelse/moredoyouwanttosay=Isthereanythingelse/moreyouwant

8、tosayNothingelse/more.Anywherequiet.有些形容词作定语时可后置也可前置Ihaveenoughmoneytobuythecar.=Ihavemoneyenoughtobuythecar.Ihavejustcomefromthenearbyvillage.=Ihavejustcomefromthevillagenearby.Doyouseetheoppositehouse=Doyouseethehouseopposite而副词作定语只能后置thestatementbelowpeopleinsidethebridgethereourlifeabroadthedist

9、anceacrossadayoffinJanuarylast/nextonFridaynextonthedayfollowingintimepastthetrendnowtheworldtodayandtomorrow而有些词前置或后置时会产生不同样意义theconcerned(担忧的)motherthepresent(现在的)memberstheinvolved(复杂的)issuestheresponsible(可靠的)manthemotherconcerned(有关提到的)thememberspresent(在场的)theissuesinvolved(波及的)themanresponsib

10、le(负责的)作后置定语源自于主谓（即实意动词）或主谓宾的定语从句可以缩短成以下五种非谓语动词形式。五种形式：todo/tobedonedoingdone/beingdoneA、do和tobedone作为不定式一般都表示还没有发生之事。Westillhavealongwaytogo.=Westillhavealongwaywhich/thatwemustgo=Westillhavealongway(forus)togo.Hehadalotofwordstosaytohim.=Hehadalotofwordswhich/thathewouldsaytohim.=Hehadalotofwords(

11、forhim)tosaytohim.=Hehadalotofwordswhich/thatwouldbesaidtohim.=Hehadalotofwordstobesaidtohim.2.但有例外。若是先行词为序数词或形容词最高等，定语从句中的动作已发生，缩为非谓语动词时仍用不定式。Hewasthefirstwhobroketheworldrecord.=Hewasthefirsttobreaktheworldrecord.Shewasalwaysthefirstwhocamehereandthelastwholefthere.=Shewasalwaysthefirsttocomeherea

12、ndthelasttoleavehere.InsidethecapsulewasJohnGlenn,thefirstAmericantosailaroundtheearthinspace.Chinawasoneofthefirstcountriesintheworldtostudythescienceoffarming.In1964,KingwontheNobelPeacewasonlythirty-fouryearsold-theyoungestmantoeverreceivethishighhonour.do既可以是关系代词作主语也可以是关系代词作宾语的定语从句的省略形式。Heisthev

13、erymantodothework.=Heistheverymanwho(作主语)candothework.Ihavealotofthingstodo.=Ihavealotofthingsthat/which(作宾语)Imustdo.=Ihavealotofthings(forme)todo.4.当todo是关系代词作宾语的定语从句的省略形式此后带有介词时，就必定考虑关系代词是作动词还是介词的宾语。Therearesomanybooksthat/whichIcanchoosefrom.=Therearesomanybooksformetochoosefrom.Thisbookisasgooda

14、sthatonesoitishardformetochoose.Inthedarkstreettherewasnobodywhom/who/that/省略wecanaskforhelp.=Inthedarkstreettherewasnobodywhom/who/that/省略wecanturntoforhelp.do这一动词既可以是及物动词也可以是不及物动词。若是是不及物动词，后边则要续不同样介词。由此可能会产生不同样之意义。Ihavenothingtowrite.=IhavenothingthatIcanwrite.(及物动词)我无东西(素材)可写。Ihavenothingtowritei

15、n.=IhavenothingthatIcanwritein.(不及物动词)我没有墨水可写。Ihavenothingtowritewith.=IhavenothingthatIcanwritewith.(不及物动词)我没笔可写。Ihavenothingtowriteon.=IhavenothingthatIcanwriteon.(不及物动词)我没有信纸可写。bedone是关系代词作主语并为将来时被动语态即动作还没有发生时而变为简单句的非谓语动词形式。Isthisthewatchwhichwillberepairedtomorrow=Isthisthewatchtoberepairedtomor

16、rowThemachinewhichwillbeshippedoutismadeinChina.=ThemachinetobeshippedoutismadeinChina.Heisthemanwhowillbepraisedatthemeetingtomorrow.=Heisthemantobepraisedatthemeetingtomorrow.B、doing是关系代词作主语并为进行时，过去时或现在时主动语态，即动作已发生而变为简单句的非谓语动词形式。Theplantwillbeabletogrowinsoilwhichcontainssaltwater.=Theplantwillbea

17、bletogrowinsoilcontainingsaltwater.Thefinancialproblemsforcedhertosellameatnumberoflettersandmanusvriptswhichbelongtoherfamousfather.Thefinancialproblemsforcedhertosellagreatnumberoflettersandmanusvriptsbelongingtoherfamousfather.Doyouknowthemanwhonoddedtomejustnow=DoyouknowthemannoddingtomejustnowW

18、hoisthemanthatisstandingbesideJack=WhoisthemanstandingbesideJackC、done是用于关系代词作主语，并为过去时现在时的被动语态，即动作已发生而变为简单句的非谓语动词。Beingdone则是用于关系代词作主语，并为进行时的被动语态，即动作正在进行而变为简单句的非谓语动词。Thisisthedictionarywhichwasboughtyesterdayinthelibrary.=Thisisthedictionaryboughtyesterdayinthelibrary.Ishethestudentwhowaspraisedatthemeeting=IshethestudentpraisedatthemeetingThehospitalwhichisbeingbuilthereisforthelocalpeople.=Thehospitalbeingbuilt