管理信息系统精要版版英文教学课件第2章

1、2Chapter Global E-Business and CollaborationSTUDENT LEARNING OBJECTIVESEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Global E-Business and CollaborationWhat major features of a business are important for understanding the role of information systems?How do systems serve different management

2、groups in a business?How do systems that link the enterprise improve organizational performance?Why are systems for collaboration and teamwork so important and what technologies do they use?What is the role of the information systems function in a business?STUDENT LEARNING OBJECTIVESEssentials of Ma

3、nagement Information SystemsChapter 2 Global E-Business and CollaborationVIDEO CASES AND LEARNING TRACKSEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Global E-Business and CollaborationLearning Tracks Systems from a Functional Perspective IT Enables Collaboration and Teamwork Challenges of U

4、sing Business Information Systems Organizing the Information Systems FunctionVideo CasesCase 1: Walmarts Retail Link Supply ChainCase 2: S: The Emerging Social EnterpriseCase 3: How FedEx Works: Inside the Memphis Super HubInstructional Video 1: US Foodservice Grows Market with Oracle CRM on DemandT

5、ELUS EMBRACES SOCIAL LEARNINGProblem: 40 percent of workforce retiring within 10 years, taking essential knowledge and expertise with them Solution: Employ new technologies for sharing and preserving employee experience and knowledgeEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Global E-Busi

6、ness and CollaborationMicrosoft SharePoint Server 2010 provided single point of entry to shared knowledge and assets, with MySites for employee Web pages and blogs, Expert Search, My Communities for sharing content, and Tube for sharing videosDemonstrates ITs role in fostering community and sharing

7、knowledgeIllustrates the benefits of using data analysis and IT to improve corporate knowledgeEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Global E-Business and CollaborationTELUS EMBRACES SOCIAL LEARNINGEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Global E-Business and Collaborati

8、onTELUS EMBRACES SOCIAL LEARNINGComponents of a BusinessFour basic business functionsManufacturing and productionSales and marketingFinance and accountingHuman resourcesOrganizing a Business: Basic Business Functions Business: formal organization that makes products or provides a service in order to

9、 make a profitEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Global E-Business and CollaborationFigure 2-1Every business, regardless of its size, must perform four functions to succeed. It must produce the product or service; market and sell the product; keep track of accounting and financial

10、 transactions; and perform basic human resources tasks, such as hiring and retaining employees.The Four Major Functions of a BusinessComponents of a BusinessEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Global E-Business and CollaborationComponents of a BusinessSuppliersCustomersEmployeesInv

11、oices/paymentsProducts and services Five Basic Business EntitiesEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Global E-Business and CollaborationLogically related set of tasks that define how specific business tasks are performedThe tasks each employee performs, in what order, and on what sc

12、hedule For example: Steps in hiring an employeeSome processes tied to functional areaSales and marketing: identifying customersSome processes are cross-functionalFulfilling customer orderBusiness ProcessesComponents of a BusinessEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Global E-Business

13、 and CollaborationFigure 2-2Fulfilling a customer order involves a complex set of steps that requires the close coordination of the sales, accounting, and manufacturing functions.The Order Fulfillment ProcessComponents of a BusinessEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Global E-Busin

14、ess and CollaborationAutomation of manual processesChange the flow of informationReplace sequential processes with simultaneous activityTransform how a business worksDrive new business modelsHow IT Enhances Business ProcessesComponents of a BusinessEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter

15、 2 Global E-Business and CollaborationManaging a Business and Firm HierarchiesFirms coordinate work of employees by developing hierarchy in which authority is concentrated at top.Senior managementMiddle managementOperational managementKnowledge workersData workersProduction or service workersEach gr

16、oup has different needs for information.Components of a BusinessEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Global E-Business and CollaborationFigure 2-3Business organizations are hierarchies consisting of three principal levels: senior management, middle management, and operational manage

17、ment. Information systems serve each of these levels. Scientists and knowledge workers often work with middle management.Levels in a FirmComponents of a BusinessEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Global E-Business and CollaborationThe Business EnvironmentComponents of a BusinessGl

18、obal environment factorsTechnology and scienceEconomyPoliticsInternational change Immediate environment factorsCustomersSuppliersCompetitors RegulationsStockholdersEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Global E-Business and CollaborationFigure 2-4To be successful, an organization mus

19、t constantly monitor and respond toor even anticipatedevelopments in its environment. A firms environment includes specific groups with which the business must deal directly, such as customers, suppliers, and competitors as well as the broader general environment, including socioeconomic trends, pol

20、itical conditions, technological innovations, and global events.The Business EnvironmentComponents of a BusinessEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Global E-Business and CollaborationFirms invest in information systems in order to: Achieve operational excellence.Develop new product

21、s and services.Attain customer intimacy and service.Improve decision making.Promote competitive advantage.Ensure survival.The Role of Information Systems in a BusinessComponents of a BusinessEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Global E-Business and CollaborationTransaction processi

22、ng systems (TPS)Keep track of basic activities and transactions of organizationSystems for business intelligence Address decision-making needs of all levels of managementManagement information systems (MIS)Decision support systems (DSS)Executive support systems (ESS)Systems for Management Decision M

23、aking andBusiness IntelligenceTypes of Business Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Global E-Business and CollaborationTransaction processing systems: Serve operational managers.Principal purpose is to answer routine questions and to track the flow of transaction

24、s through the organization.For example: inventory questions, granting credit to customer Monitor status of internal operations and firms relationship with external environment.Major producers of information for other systems.Highly central to business operations and functioning.Types of Business Inf

25、ormation SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Global E-Business and CollaborationFigure 2-5A TPS for payroll processing captures employee payment transaction data (such as a timecard). System outputs include online and hard copy reports for management and employee paychecks.A

26、 Payroll TPSEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Global E-Business and CollaborationTypes of Business Information SystemsManagement information systems: Provide middle managers with reports on firms performance, to help monitor firm and predict future performance.Summarize and repor

27、t on basic operations using data from TPS.Provide weekly, monthly, annual results, but may enable drilling down into daily or hourly data.Typically not very flexible systems with little analytic capability.Types of Business Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Glo

28、bal E-Business and CollaborationFigure 2-6How MIS Obtain Their Data from TPSEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Global E-Business and CollaborationTypes of Business Information SystemsSample MIS ReportTypes of Business Information SystemsFigure 2-7This report, showing summarized an

29、nual sales data, was produced by the MIS in Figure 2-6.Essentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Global E-Business and CollaborationDecision support systems (DSS):Serve middle managers.Support nonroutine decision makingExample: What is impact on production schedule if December sales doub

30、led?Often use external information as well from TPS and MISModel driven DSSVoyage-estimating systemsData driven DSSIntrawests marketing analysis systemsTypes of Business Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Global E-Business and CollaborationRead the Interactive S

31、ession and then discuss the following questions:List and describe the types of systems described in this case study.How do these systems improve the operation of the business?How do these systems support decision making? Identify three different decisions that can be supported by these systems.Why i

32、s improving the guest experience so important at Vail Mountain Resort?Interactive Session: OrganizationsVail Ski Resorts Goes High Tech for High TouchTypes of Business Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Global E-Business and CollaborationVoyage-Estimating Decisi

33、on Support SystemFigure 2-8This DSS operates on a powerful PC. It is used daily by managers who must develop bids on shipping contracts.Essentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Global E-Business and CollaborationTypes of Business Information SystemsExecutive support systems (ESS):Serve

34、senior managers.Address strategic issues and long-term trends.For example: what products should we make in five years?Address nonroutine decision making.Provide generalized computing capacity that can be applied to changing array of problems.Draw summarized information from MIS, DSS, and data from e

35、xternal events.Typically use portal with Web interface, or digital dashboard, to present contentTypes of Business Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Global E-Business and CollaborationDigital DashboardA digital dashboarddelivers comprehensiveand accurate informa

36、tionfor decision makingoften using a singlescreen. The graphicaloverview of key performanceindicators helpsmanagers quicklyspot areas that needattention.Essentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Global E-Business and CollaborationTypes of Business Information SystemsRead the Interactive

37、Session and then discuss the following questions:What are the business benefits of Business Sufficiency, Business Sphere, and Decision Cockpits?What people, organization, and technology issues had to be addressed when implementing Business Sufficiency, Business Sphere, and Decision Cockpits?How did

38、these decision-making tools change the way the company ran its business? How effective are they? Why?According to P&G CEO Bob McDonald, P&Gs new approach to decision making represents a “cultural revolution.” Discuss the implications of this statement.How are these systems related to P&Gs business s

39、trategy?Interactive Session: PeoplePiloting Procter and Gamble from Decision CockpitsTypes of Business Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Global E-Business and CollaborationEnterprise applicationsSystems that span functional areas, focus on executing business pr

40、ocesses across the firm, and include all levels of managementFour major typesEnterprise systemsSupply chain management systemsCustomer relationship management systemsKnowledge management systemsSystems for Linking the EnterpriseEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Global E-Business

41、and CollaborationTypes of Business Information SystemsEnterprise Application ArchitectureFigure 2-9Enterprise applications automate processes that span multiple business functions and organizational levels and may extend outside the organization.Essentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2

42、Global E-Business and CollaborationTypes of Business Information SystemsAlso called enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. Integrate data from key business processes into single system. Speed communication of information throughout firm.Enable greater flexibility in responding to customer reque

43、sts, greater accuracy in order fulfillment.Enable managers to assemble overall view of operations. Enterprise Systems Essentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Global E-Business and CollaborationTypes of Business Information SystemsManage relationships with suppliers, purchasing firms, d

44、istributors, and logistics companies.Manage shared information about orders, production, inventory levels, and so on.Goal is to move correct amount of product from source to point of consumption as quickly as possible and at lowest costType of interorganizational system: Automating flow of informati

45、on across organizational boundariesSupply Chain Management (SCM) SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Global E-Business and CollaborationTypes of Business Information SystemsHelp manage relationship with customers.Coordinate business processes that deal with customers in sale

46、s, marketing, and customer serviceGoals:Optimize revenueImprove customer satisfactionIncrease customer retentionIdentify and retain most profitable customersIncrease salesCustomer Relationship Management (CRM) SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Global E-Business and Collabo

47、rationTypes of Business Information SystemsManage processes for capturing and applying knowledge and expertise.Collect relevant knowledge and make it available wherever needed in the enterprise to improve business processes and management decisions.Link firm to external sources of knowledge.Knowledg

48、e Management SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Global E-Business and CollaborationTypes of Business Information SystemsIntranets and ExtranetsTechnology platforms that increase integration and expedite the flow of informationIntranets: Internal networks based on Internet s

49、tandardsOften are private access area in companys Web siteExtranets: Company Web sites accessible only to authorized vendors and suppliersFacilitate collaborationEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Global E-Business and CollaborationTypes of Business Information SystemsE-Business,

50、E-Commerce, and E-GovernmentE-business:Use of digital technology and Internet to drive major business processesE-commerce:Subset of e-businessBuying and selling goods and services through InternetE-government:Using Internet technology to deliver information and services to citizens, employees, and b

51、usinessesEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Global E-Business and CollaborationTypes of Business Information SystemsWhat Is Collaboration?Systems for Collaboration and TeamworkGrowing importance of collaboration:Changing nature of workGrowth of professional workChanging organizati

52、on of the firmChanging scope of the firmEmphasis on innovationChanging culture of work and businessEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Global E-Business and CollaborationSocial BusinessSystems for Collaboration and TeamworkUse of social networking platforms to engage employees, cus

53、tomers, suppliersConversations to strengthen bondsRequires information transparencySeen as way to drive operational efficiency, spur innovation, accelerate decision makingEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Global E-Business and CollaborationBusiness Benefits of Collaboration and T

54、eamworkSystems for Collaboration and TeamworkInvestment in collaboration technology can return large rewards, especially in sales and marketing, research and developmentProductivity: Sharing knowledge and resolving problemsQuality: Faster resolution of quality issuesInnovation: More ideas for produc

55、ts and servicesCustomer service: Complaints handled more rapidlyFinancial performance: Generated by improvements in factors aboveEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Global E-Business and CollaborationSystems for Collaboration and TeamworkFigure 2-10Requirements for CollaborationSuc

56、cessful collaborationrequires an appropriateorganizational structureand culture, along withappropriate collaborationtechnology.Essentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Global E-Business and CollaborationTools and Technologies for Collaboration and TeamworkSystems for Collaboration and TeamworkE-mail and instant messaging (IM)WikisVirtual worldsCollaboration and social business environmentsVirtual meeting systems (telepresence)Cloud