2022高考英语一轮复习Unit2TheUnitedKingdom学案新人教版必修5

1、先记牢、再练通，基础自查讲究一个“效度”省；行政区制服货币；通货全国性的；全国范围的 想象中的；假想的；虚构的 王室的；皇家的；高贵的 壮丽的；辉煌的；极好的 使激动；使胆战心惊先记牢、再练通，基础自查讲究一个“效度”省；行政区制服货币；通货全国性的；全国范围的 想象中的；假想的；虚构的 王室的；皇家的；高贵的 壮丽的；辉煌的；极好的 使激动；使胆战心惊完成；到达；实现矛盾；冲突不愿意（的）；不乐意（的） 令人愉快的；使人高兴的 可能（性）争吵；争论；吵架争吵；吵架观光；游览澄清；说明 乡下；农村 相同的；类似的一致的加上；和加的；正的；零上的折叠；对折NCL发端于教材（一）阅读词汇一一明其义

2、、写其形 第一组：明其义province n.uniform n.currency n.nationwide adj.imaginary adj.royal adj.splendid adj.thrill vt.第二组：写其形accomplish vt.conflict n.unwilling adj.enjoyable adj.possibility n.quarrel n.vi.sightseeing n.clarify vt.countryside n.alike adj.consistent adj.plus prep.adj.fold vt.（二）表达词汇一一晓其变、通其用unite

3、 vi. & 联合；团结f united adj.团结的;联合的funion n.联合；联盟;结合；协会convenience n. 便利； 方便f convenient a办 方便的The manager will be away on business and I 11 attend the meeting in place ofhim.归纳法记牢） take one，s place代替；就位take place发生；举行） in place在适当的位置；适当in place of代替breakdown （机器）损坏；破坏；（谈判、计划等）失败；（关系）破裂；身体垮掉；（化 学）分解辨析法

4、理清辨 清 楚写出以下句中break down的含义The peace talks broke down with no agreement reached.失败 You wi 11 break down if you always stay up late.身体垮掉（3）We were downloading learning materials when our computer broke down.损坏（2018 北京 高考）Bertocchini agrees and hopes her teams findings might one day help employ the enz

5、yme to break down plastics in landfills. 分解理 明 白break away （from）挣脱（束缚）；脱离；摆脱break off中断；折断break into闯入break out爆发；发生break up驱散；打碎；分手；结束针对训练选用break的短语填空She is trying to break away from the bad habit, which makes her parents happy.A fire broke out last night, which caused a lot of damage.The room is

6、in a mess. It must have been broken into while we were away.（2020 天津 5 月 高考）History has the potential to break down those boundaries by offering us insight into entire worlds that would otherwise be foreign to us.It seems/seemed strange that .教材原句 It seemed strange that the man who had developed com

7、munism should have lived and died in London.这似乎是一件怪事：这位开展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过，并且在伦敦去世。用 法 规 那么It + seems/seemed+ 36/7. +that . 好像 ，似乎；that从句常用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“should +动词原形”， should不可省略。should常用于名词性从句中，表示“惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、理应 如此”，意为“竟然，居然”。(3)it作形式主语，而真正的主语是that引导的从句。常用句式 还有:It is important/necessary/natural that . . ；

8、It is a pity/shame/pleasure/surprise that ,等。注后、 事 项本句型如果描述现在或将要发生的事情，用“should + do”的形 式；如果描述过去发生的事情用“should have done”的形式。针对训练补全句子(2016 全国卷III书面表达)It seemed strange that I should be so busy this weekend.这似乎是一件怪事：这个周末我竟然这么忙。You can，t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman should be so rude to a lady.

9、你想象不出这么彬彬有礼的绅士竟然对一位女士如此粗鲁。It is a great pity that the young man should have missed such a golden opportunity.真可惜，这位年轻人竟会失去这样一个绝好的机会。一链高考、拓主题，未来高考比拼一个“厚度 一、在考题集训中查验单元语基（一）高考中的语法填空（2020 天津 5 月高考）Cultural conflicts in history are difficult to ignore.（2020 天津 5 月高考）Completed in 1931, the Empire State Bu

10、ilding, the highest skyscraper until 1954, inspired the imagination （imagine） of the world.（2020 江苏高考）Today, they are once again a familiar sight, playing roles that are often just as important for the community as their original （origin） purpose.（2019 1 匕京高考）Another possibility （possible） is that w

11、hen there is a lotof talent on a team, some players may make less effort.（2018 浙江高考）The easiest way to accomplish （accomplish） this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should.（2016 全国卷 n）A new collection （collect） of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.（20

12、16 全国卷HI）Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly （rough） 551 to 479B. C. , influenced the development of chopsticks.（2015 浙江高考）Body language can give away a lot about your mood, so standing with your arms folded （fold） can send out a signal that you are bei

13、ng defensive.（二）高考中的阅读理解熟词 生义（2016 浙江高考）It is important to pay your electricity bill on time, as late payments may affect your credit.信用词类活用（2013 天津高考）0n an empty section of road, everyone started quarreling. I stopped the car, ordered all kids out and told them to meet me up ahead, v.争口少生词 僻义（2019

14、江苏高考）Theres a new indoor play centre, plus the special events and workshops, and others during school holiday periods和（三）高考中的完形填空（2020 天津 7 月高考）Jones idea has been fully realized 一 the “HAPPY TO CHAT“ benches help 32 the invisible social barrier that keeps people from saying hello.A. break downB. pu

15、t upC. keep offD. take out解析：选 A 根据空后的 “the invisible social barrier that keeps people from saying hello可知，Jones设置的“快乐聊天”长椅有助于打破阻碍人们打招呼的无形的 社会障碍。（2020 江苏高考）He learned braille （盲文）quickly and continued his education at Worcester College for the Blind. There, he not only did well as a student but also

16、 became a（n） 47 public speaker.A. accomplishedB. crucialC. specificD. innocent解析:选A 根据上文的“not only did well as a student but also”可知，在那里，他不仅是一名优秀的学生，而且成了一名出色的公共演说家。应选A。（2018 全国卷 II） Two weeks earlier, my son, Ben, had got in touch. IIe，d moved to England with his mum when he was three and it had bee

17、n 13 years since Id last seen him. So imagine my 42 when he emailed me saying he wanted to come to visit me.I was 43 ! I arrived early at Byron Bay where we were supposed to meet. The bay was bathed in sunshine, and there was a group of kayakers around 150m off the shore.A. delightB. reliefC. angerD

18、. worry解析：选A前文提到作者已经13年没见过自己的儿子了，因此儿子发来电子邮件， 说要来看望作者时，作者应该感到高兴（delight）。A. scaredB. shockedC. thrilledD. ashamed解析：选C根据上文语境可知，多年没有见面的儿子要来看望自己，作者自然是感到 激动的（thrilled）。后面的“arrived early”也给出了提示。scared “害怕的”； shocked “震惊的；ashamed 感到惭愧或羞耻的”。（四）高考中的写作（2020 新高考全国卷I写作）我们衷心希望学校今后能开展更多像这样令人愉快的 活动。（enjoyable）We

19、do hope that the school will carry out more similar enjoyable activities in the future.（2017 全国卷H书面表达）如果你对中国民间艺术感兴趣，请尽早给我发电子邮件。 （convenience）If you are interested in the Chinese folk art, please email me at your earliest convenience.（2017 江苏高考书面表达）因此，电影业应该更加努力地吸引更多的观众。（attract）Therefore, the film in

20、dustry should make greater efforts to attract more viewers.（2015 四川高考书面表达）你也应该记住，经常和你的同学交换笔记是提高你学习 的好方法。（keep +宾语+宾补）And you also should keep it in mind that compering notes with your classmates frequently is a good way to improve your study.二、在拓展训练中积累主题词汇“重大政治、历史事件”主题常用词汇witness invader valuable or

21、iginal aggressive multicultural border revolution treasure display （independence dynasty （population bpportunity nake an announcement leave out remain part of vith a history of ht the beginning of （20）tourist destination 熟练词汇在口内打“J”，欠熟练词汇平时多关注练中巩固.单词拼写In order to learn Chinese well, Grey took every

22、opportunity （机会）to talk with the local natives.The current multicultural （多元文化的）society is the ideal and goal of education.People tend to be more aggressive （积极进取的）when theyre young and more conservative as they get older.Life on Earth will become unsustainable unless population （人口） growth is held

23、in check.Any new company is seen as an invader （入侵者）in an already competitive market.The security forces sighted a group of young men that had crossed the border(边界).单句语法填空Students can gain valuable (value) experience by working on the campus radio or magazine. The robots, which were displayed (disp

24、lay), attracted the children，s attention.Succeeding emperors and dynasties (dynasty) continued the construction, spreading westward into the Gobi desert to guard the Silk Road.Tea is one of the most favored drinks in our life. However, the origin (original) of tea is lost among history and tales.Our

25、 city witnesses (witness) four different seasons, plenty of sunshine and good rainfall, but in winter you may feel a little cold.Your composition shouldnt be too long, you，d better leave out the last paragraph.Enjoy and learn from historical and archeological sites but respect these sites and treasu

26、res (treasure).How am I better today than I was at the beginning of the year?.补全句子St Pauls Cathedral was built after the terrible fire of London in 1666, with a history of more than 300 years.圣保罗大教堂是1666年伦敦那场可怕的大火以后建造的，有300多年的历史。The Tower of London remained part of a royal palace and prison combined

27、.伦敦塔仍然是皇家宫殿和监狱的一局部。Buckingham Palace is the Queen，s house in London, which is a world-famous tourist destination.白金汉宫是女王在伦敦的居所，是一个世界闻名的旅游景点。The minister will make an announcement this afternoon stating the future of the city，s hospitals.部长今天下午要宣布对本市医院的未来的举措。单元主题语篇训练AThe UK has a well-respected highe

28、r education system and some of the topuniversities and research instructions in the world. But to those who are new to it all, sometimes it can be confusing.October is usually the busiest month in the college calendar. Universities have something called Freshers， Week for their newcomers. Its a grea

29、t opportunity to make new friends, join lots of clubs and settle into university life.However, having just left the comfort of home and all your friends behind, the prospect （前景）of meeting lots of strangers in big halls can be nerve-wracking （令 人焦虑不安的）.Where do you start? Who should you make friends

30、 with? Which clubs should you join?Luckily, there will be thousands of others in the same boat as you worrying about starting their university social life on the right foot. So just take it all in slowly. Dont rush into anything that you，11 regret for the next three years.Here is some top advice fro

31、m past students on how to survive Freshers Week：Learn rules. Make sure you know British social etiquette （礼节）.Have a few wine glasses and snacks handy for your housemates and friends.Be kind. Sometimes cups of tea or even slices of toast can give you a head start in making friends.Be sociable. The m

32、ore active you are, the more likely you11 be to meet new people than if you，re someone who never leaves his room.Bring a doorstop. Keep your door open when youre in and that sends positive messages to your neighbors that youre friendly.So with a bit of clever planning and effort, Freshers，Week can g

33、ive you a great start to your university life and soon you，11 be passing on your experience to next year，s new recruits.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。当你在异国他乡求学，对于刚刚步入一个全新校园的你 来说，也许一切都会显得很陌生。但是你不要怕，本文将向你介绍一些在英国如何度过新生 周的方法。Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?October is generally the

34、 busiest month for universities.It，s a good idea to put a doorstop in your door.A bit of planning can make Freshers Week easier.The first week of your every year at university is called Freshers Week.解析：选D细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句话可判断出D项表述错误，新生入学 的第一周才叫Freshers Week。应选D。The underlined word recruits“ in the l

35、ast paragraph refers to .A. coursesB. freshersC. neighborsD. challengesA. courses解析：选B词义猜想题。最后一段逗号后面的意思是：新生周可以让你的大学生活有一个很棒的开端，而且你将很快把你的经验传给下一年的新生。应选B。We can infer from the 4th paragraph that.the newcomers usually miss the days living at homemost of the students in the UK spend three years in univers

36、itiesmany freshers are worried about how to fit university lifeall the new students will make new friends and join certain clubs解析：选C推理判断题。该段的第一句话说“数以千计的其他人也会和你一样担忧如 何正确地开始他们的大学生活”，由此可知应选C项。The main purpose of the passage is to .tell the newcomers how to make a new start in universitiesintroduce som

37、ething about higher education system of the UKdiscuss something about the Freshers Week in the UKadvise the freshmen how to behave well in the beginning解析：选A 写作意图题。从文章第五段的uHere is some top advice from past students on how to survive Freshers Week”可以看出该文的写作目的是A项。其中， “Freshers Week” 指的就是 a new start i

38、n universitieso 应选 A。BAlthough fires are still a danger in every major city today, they were a much more serious problem in earlier centuries. The historic Fire of London was a serious example of the damage fire can cause. Finally, however, this disaster also positively affected the city.In 1666, th

39、e Great Fire of London burned out of control for three days, destroying most of the central district of the city. The disaster caused a huge amount of damage 一 around seventy thousand people lost their homes. At the time, there were only about eighty thousand living in the city. There are no accurat

40、e records of how many people died in the fire because the worst damage happened in poor neighborhoods. Unfortunately, the government didn，t record the deaths of poor people in those early times.When the fire happened, people in London were already struggling to survive a large plague （瘟疫）outbreak th

41、at had begun in 1665. London，s housing troubles were a major cause of the problem. At the time, much of central London consisted of closely packed and poorly made wooden buildings. This created an unhealthy environment because germs travelled freely from home to home. In addition, the buildings were

42、 on narrow, dirty streets where people threw their garbage. Rats were attracted by the garbage, and they brought fleas （跳蚤）一 the carriers of the plague. Once people caught the plague from flea bites, the disease spread rapidly throughout the city especially in the cramped central district. It was in

43、 these terrible conditions that the Great Fire raged through London.Despite the damage, the fire had a positive effect because it destroyed the old, poorly made wooden buildings. It also killed most of the rats and fleas, which slowed the spread of the plague. After the fire, the government rebuilt

44、the damaged areas. Whenever possible, they used brick or stone. Thus, the new houses were much more solid and more difficult for rats to enter. Widened streets and improved garbage collection also helped to stop the disease from spreading from person to person because there was simply more room to w

45、alk.语篇解读:本文是说明文。发生于1666年的伦敦大火灾造成了非常严重的损失，但同 时也结束了自1665年以来伦敦的鼠疫问题。Which of the following is TRUE about fires in the past?They mainly happened in large cities.They always had some positive effects.They caused small amounts of damage.They were more dangerous than fires today.解析：选D 细节理解题。由第一段中的“they wer

46、e a much more serious problem in earlier centuries可知，虽然火灾现在依然是大城市的一大威胁，但是在几个世纪前， 火灾是更加严重的问题。Why are there no accurate death records of the fire?The numbers were beyond counting.The government intended to hide the facts.The records were destroyed in another fire.The deaths of poor people were unrecor

47、ded.解析：选D 细节理解题。由第二段中的uThere are no accurate records of how many people died in Ihe fire . the goveniineiit dicin L record the deaths of poor people in those early times. ”可知，在伦敦大火中有多少人丧生并没有准确的记录，因为政府 没有记录有多少穷人死亡。What does the underlined word “cramped” in Paragraph 3 mean?B. Crowded.A. Ancient.B. Cr

48、owded.C. Damaged.D. Popular.解析:选B 词义猜想题。由第三段中的“closely packed and poorly made woodenbuildings 和“the buildings were on narrow, dirty streets” 可知，疾病在整个城市 蔓延，特别是在拥挤的中心城区；由此推断，cramped意为“狭窄的，拥挤的”。Why did the government rebuild the city with brick and stone after the fire?To reduce building costs.To make

49、houses stronger.To keep fleas out of the city.To stop the plague spreading.解析：选B 推理判断题。由最后一段中的“the new houses were much more solid and more difficult for rats to enter”可知，政府用砖和石头来重建被烧毁的地区，目的是 想把房子建得更坚固。CA new kind of surgical knife can tell cancerous from healthy tissue in seconds and may help impro

50、ve tumor （肿瘤） removal in the operating room.Known as the iKnife, the tool analyzes the vapour given off as surgeons use electrical current to cut away tissue, and it reports in real time whether the tissue is cancerous or not.Tests in 91 human patients have shown the tools diagnoses were extremely a

51、ccurate, and may be reliable enough to begin widespread use in operating rooms.The iKnife uses mass spectrometry （质谱法）to examine the surgical smoke given off by tissue, informing the surgeon in three seconds as to what it contains.Other current techniques, which include sending removed tissue to a l

52、ab for analysis, are costly and frequently inadequate and take about 20 30 minutes.uRemarkably, there are almost no technologies in routine clinical practice to assist the surgeon in improving the accuracy of cancer tissue clearance, “ said the study.For patients, this uncertainty can lead to repeat

53、 surgeries or worse, since returning to the operating table is not always an option for soft tissue tumors.The iKnife can make current tumor diagnostics more accurate, and it has the potential to influence on-table decision-making and ultimately to improve oncological （肿瘤学的）outcomes.In Britain alone

54、, there are 300, 000 new cases of cancer each year and 1. 8 millionsurgical procedures performed in treatment.由组成把分成省去；遗漏；不考虑列的清单挣脱（束缚）；脱离代替谈到；说到；参考；涉及由组成把分成省去；遗漏；不考虑列的清单挣脱（束缚）；脱离代替谈到；说到；参考；涉及曾经；一度留心看（机器）损坏；破坏纪念为带来荣誉；值得赞扬在名下attract vt.吸引；引起注意fattraction n.吸引；吸引力；有吸引力的地方 -attractive 3力：有吸引力的arrange 筹

55、备；安排；整理f arrangement n.布置；整理；安排delight ,快乐；高兴；喜悦.使高兴；使欣喜f delighted adj.高兴的;快乐 的f delightful adj.令人高兴的collection ,收藏品；珍藏；收集f collect r上收集furnished adj.配备好装备的；带家具的f furnish北,装修；布置f furniture n.家 具rough adj.粗糙的；粗暴的f roughly adv.粗略地；粗糙地(三)常用短语一一多积累、准运用consist ofdivide intoleave outmake a list ofbreak a

56、way (from)take the place ofrefee toat one timekeep ones eyes openbreak downin memory ofto one，s credit（四）经典句式一一明特点、会仿用.过去分词短语作状语悟原句Worried about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in London.背佳句Devoted to her work, she has no time to look after her child.状

57、语从句的省略The iKnife was tested on tissue samples from 302 patients, including those with tumors of the stomach, liver, lung, breast and brain, and later in the operating room during 91 procedures to cut tumor tissue away. The iKnife is not yet commercially available and likely will not be for at least

58、another year.“If perfected, this would help surgeons and patients avoid countless trips back to the operating room to try and obtain clear margins. A larger study needs to be carried out, but this preliminary data is very exciting, said Stephanie Bernik, chief of surgical oncology at a hospital in N

59、ew York.-语篇解读：本文是一篇科普说明文。最新研究说明：与传统的诊断方式不同，智能手术 刀iKnife可以迅速并精确地诊断出病人是否患有癌症，这对病人来讲是一个福音。The iKnife can identify unhealthy tissue by .using electrical current to test ittesting the blood and cells of itanalyzing the smoke given off by itcutting away tissue and examining it解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的analyzes t

60、he vapour given off as surgeons use electrical current to cut away tissue” 和第四段中的 “examine the surgical smoke given off by tissue”可知，智能手术刀主要通过分析组织释放的气体来 确定不健康的组织。It is implied in the passage that the iKnife .can be purchased within several yearshas been tested in more than 3,000 patientsshould be pe