2018考研英语：完型填空模拟题及参考答案解析【四】

1、2018考研英语：完型填空模拟题及参考答案解析【四】 【 HYPERLINK /kaoyan/ t _blank #考研# 导语】考研英语完形填空部分十分考验学生的词汇量积累和语法运用，是考生最容易失分的题型之一，因而需要日常知识积累和大量的练习相结合，才有达到有效的复习效果。以下是无忧考网为大家整理的2018考研英语：完型填空模拟题及参考答案解析【四】供您查阅。Aging poses a serious challenge to OECD(Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development)countries，in particular

2、，how to pay for future public pension liabilities. And early retirement places an_1_burden on pension financing. There is no easy solution，but_2_retirement could help.Early retirement may seem like a worthy individual goal，but it is a socially_3_one，and makes the present public pension system diffic

3、ult to sustain for long. The_4_reason is that more people are retiring early and living longer. That means more retirees depending on the_5_of those in work for their income. The_6_is worrying. In the next 50 years，low fertility rates and_7_life expectancy in OECD countries will cause this old-age d

4、ependency rate to roughly double_8_size. Public pension payments，which afford 30-80% of total retirement incomes in OECD countries，are_9_to rise，on average，by over three percentage points in GDP and by as much as eight percentage points in some countries._10_is the pressure on pension funds that the

5、re is a danger of todays workers not getting the pensions they expected or felt they_11_for.Action is needed，_12_simply aiming to reduce the_13_(and cost)of public pensions，or trying to_14_the role of privately funded pensions within the system，though necessary steps，may be_15_to deal with the depen

6、dency challenge. After years of_16_early retirement schemes to avoid_17_and higher unemployment，many governments are now looking_18_persuading people to stay in work until they are older. Surely，the thinking goes，if we are healthier now and jobs are physically less_19_and unemployment is down，then p

7、erhaps the_20_rate should rise anew.1.A unsolvable B additional C unsustainable D undue2.A delaying B retaining C detaining D hindering3.A ultimate B unattainable C specific D expensive4.A substantial B essential C potential D controversial5.A donating B sponsoring C subsidizing D funding6.A outlook

8、 B outcome C outbreak D outset7.A prolonging B expanding C soaring D rising8.A in B on C by D for9.A conceived B reckoned C expected D meant10.A As B Such C So D It11.A should pay B paying C be paid D would pay12.A but B for C and D thus13.A multitude B implementation C application D generosity14.A

9、exaggerate B augment C magnify D multiply15.A insufficient B influential C inefficient D intrinsic16.A advancing B previous C ahead D preceding17.A suspensions B abundances C redundancies D discrepancies18.A for B to C about D at19.A turbulent B strenuous C compact D intricate20.A dependency B ferti

10、lity C present D mortality答案1.C 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.D 6.A 7.D 8.A 9.C 10.B11.C 12.A 13.D 14.B 15.A 16.A 17.C 18.D 19.B 20.C总体分析本文主要讨论了老龄化给经合组织国家现存养老体系带来的挑战。文章第一段指出老龄化给经合组织国家带来的挑战，并提出推迟退休可能对解决该问题有所帮助。第二段分析了早退休给养老体系带来的问题，即越来越多的人早退休而寿命延长，随着出生率的降低，就会有更多退休的人依靠更少工作的人来为他们养老，养老金在国家财政中所占的比例增加，成为无法承受的负担。第三段探讨了解决方法，

11、指出仅仅减少公共养老金的数量，增加私有养老的比例是不够的，许多政府在考虑说服人们晚退休。全文翻译老龄化给经合组织国家，尤其是在如何支付未来的公共养老金负债方面，带来了严重的挑战。早退休给退休金的融资带来了难以承受的负担。没有什么简单的解决方案，但推迟退休(年龄)可能有所帮助。早退休可能看起来是个值得追求的个人目标，但对于社会来说却是昂贵的，它使当前的公共养老金系统难以持久。基本原因是更多的人退休早而寿命却更长。这意味着更多的退休人员要依赖在职者的资助作为收入。这一前景是令人担忧的。未来50年，经合组织国家的低出生率和预期寿命的增加将使这一老年依赖率提高大约一倍。占经合组织国家全部退休收入30%-80%的公共退休金的支出，在国内生产总值中的比例预期将平均增加超过三个百分点，而在有些国家甚至会增加八个百分点。养老基金的压力如此之大以至于现在的工人有得不到他们预期或认为应该得到的